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  • 1.
    Aakko, Noora
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Öngörür, Gazal
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Kraften av beröring: Beröring som komplementär metod för att minska stress på arbetsplatsen2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Arbetsmarknadens förändringar i form av högre arbetstakt, tillfälliga anställningar och krav på flexibla arbetsvillkor, gör att allt fler upplever stress i arbetslivet. Långvarig stress medför stora hälsorisker för individen. Eftersom många av dagens sjukskrivningar beror på stressrelaterade sjukdomar, såsom depression och utmattning är det viktigt att studera metoder för stresshantering på arbetsplatsen. Beröring i form av massage kan minska stress hos individer samt fungerar som ett komplement i behandlingen för stressrelaterade sjukdomar. Ett fältexperiment med 28 tjänstemän utfördes för att undersöka om en kortvarig massage på arbetstid kunde inverka positivt på den arbetsrelaterade stressen jämfört med en avslappningsövning och vanlig rast. Studien visade signifikant minskning av stressnivån efter massageinterventionen. Resultatet ger en antydan om att upplevelsen av stress går att reducera med hjälp av fysisk beröring. Stickprovets storlek samt förväntnings- effektens inverkan på resultatet diskuteras.

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  • 2.
    Aarons, G. A.
    et al.
    University of California, United States.
    Seijo, C.
    University of California, United States.
    Green, A. E.
    University of California, United States.
    Moullin, J. C.
    Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Hasson, H.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    von Thiele Schwarz, Ulrica
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    James, S.
    University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
    Ehrhart, M. G.
    University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
    Ducarroz, S.
    Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.
    Sevdalis, N.
    King's College London, UK.
    Willging, C.
    Behavioral Health Research Center of the Southwest, Albuquerque, United States.
    Fostering international collaboration in implementation science and research: A concept mapping exploratory study2019In: BMC Research Notes, E-ISSN 1756-0500, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 778Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: International collaboration in science has received increasing attention given emphases on relevance, generalizability, and impact of research. Implementation science (IS) is a growing discipline that aims to translate clinical research findings into health services. Research is needed to identify efficient and effective ways to foster international collaboration in IS. Concept-mapping (CM) was utilized with a targeted sample for preliminary exploration of fostering international collaboration. Concept-mapping is a mixed-method approach (qualitative/quantitative) particularly suited for identifying essential themes and action items to facilitate planning among diverse stakeholders. We sought to identify key factors likely to facilitate productive and rewarding international collaborations in implementation research. Results: We identified eleven dimensions: Strategic Planning; Practicality; Define Common Principles; Technological Tools for Collaboration; Funding; Disseminate Importance of Fostering International Collaboration in IS; Knowledge Sharing; Innovative & Adaptive Research; Training IS Researchers; Networking & Shared Identity; Facilitate Meetings. Strategic Planning and Funding were highest rated for importance and Strategic Planning and Networking and Shared Identity were rated most feasible to institute. Fostering international collaboration in IS can accelerate the efficiency, relevance, and generalizability of implementation research. Strategies should be developed and tested to improve international collaborations and engage junior and experienced investigators in collaborations advancing implementation science and practice. 

  • 3.
    Aarons, Gregory
    et al.
    Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Child & Adolescent Serv Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA..
    Green, Amy
    Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Moullin, Joanna
    Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Ehrhart, Mark
    San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.;Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA..
    Ducarroz, Simon
    Ctr Reg Prevent Canc, Ctr Hygee, St Priest En Jarez, France..
    Sevdalis, Nick
    Kings Coll London, London, England..
    Hasson, Henna
    Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Cty Council, Ctr Epidemiol & Community Med, Stockholm, Sweden..
    von Thiele Schwarz, Ulrica
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden..
    James, Sigrid
    Univ Kassel, Kassel, Germany..
    Willging, Cathleen
    Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Behav Hlth Res Ctr Southwest, Albuquerque, NM USA..
    Fostering international collaborations in implementation science2017In: Implementation Science, E-ISSN 1748-5908, Vol. 13Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Aasen, Linn
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Thunberg, Maria
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    En utvärdering av arbetspsykologiska testet Shapes med test-retestmetod2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Många rekryteringsmetoder som används i dag, som CV och referenstagning, har enligt studier låg validitet, däremot visar många studier att personlighet är stabilt över tid och därför är en mer valid prediktor för att kunna predicera arbetsprestation. Studiens syfte var att undersöka Shapes, ett internetbaserat personlighetstest, och dess arton kompetensdimensioner med test-retest utifrån tre frågeställningar. En datainsamling med 91 deltagare (29 män och 62 kvinnor) gjordes vid två tillfällen med tre veckors mellanrum. Deltagarna delades upp i kön- och åldersgrupper för att se skillnad över tid inom grupperna. Medelvärdesskillnader och korrelationer över tid jämfördes där resultatet visade att det fanns positiva samband mellan båda testtillfällena på samtliga dimensioner. Sju av de arton dimensionerna hade skillnader på medelvärde från testtillfälle ett och testtillfälle två. Detta skulle kunna bero på att Shapes inte är tillräckligt tillförlitligt för att mäta dessa dimensioner eller att dessa dimensioner inte är stabila över tid.  

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  • 5.
    Abbas, Mohammed
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Andy, Yu
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    SJUKSKÖTERSKORS ERFARENHETER AV ATT GE PALLIATIV VÅRD2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 6.
    Abbasi, Rezgar
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Grupparbetens pedagogiska och socialpedagogiska betydelse: En kvalitativ studie om socionomstudenters erfarenheter och upplevelser av grupparbete.2019Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to investigate group-oriented pedagogy and its effects, based on the subjective experiences of social students, i.e. to study the pedagogical and special educational significance of the group work. This has been done through a qualitative approach where the selection was turned towards a targeted group, and then semi-structured interviews were conducted. The result shows that group-oriented pedagogy was perceived positively, instructively and educating in large part among the respondents despite some conflicts and different views. Furthermore, characteristics such as acceptance, responsiveness, adaptation and openness are highlighted and emphasized as something that is bred or refined by working in groups. Other aspects that emerged from the results were prerequisites for a functional group work, where the respondents listed some criteria such as willingness to cooperate, group size and constellation as important conditions for a well- functioning group work. In summary, the study's content highlights that there are great opportunities for development within group work, but that it is also important to continuously develop and keep an eye on the group processes.

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  • 7.
    Abdallah, Abdallah Said
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Ikonomidis, Pavlos Vaso
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    ungdomar i socialt utsatta områden: En studie om hur ungdomar upplever deras bostadsområde och framtidsmöjligheter2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate how young people perceive living in a social vulnerable area, how they perceive the media image as well as what constraints and opportunities the housing area implies for their future.

    To answer our questions, we have used qualitative semistructured interviews with six adolescents in the social vulnerable Stockholm suburb Tensta. Theories that we have used in the processing of data collection are recognition theory and the stigma theory of Goffman.

    The results of the interviews show that the adolescents enjoys living in the area despite the neglected media image of Tensta. Their own perception of the area differs from the perceived media image. At the same time, adolescents realized that their own future goals are not limited by the area in which they live, but governed by the individual's own will to succeed.

  • 8.
    Abdi, Aram
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Förekomsten av socialt stöd och sociala relationer i arbetslivet: En kvalitativ studie om betydelsen av socialt stöd och social relation mellan chefer och anställda2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to examine the social relationship and social support at the daily work. Furthermore, this study aimed to create an understanding of the importance of social relations and support between employees and supervisors within an organization. For this purpose, 10 interviews were conducted with employees and supervisors from one municipality and two authorities.

    The study showed that strong working relationship and social support within a workplace and between supervisors and employees can create the prerequisite for a higher efficiency and better health among employees. Furthermore, the study showed that a good relationship and support between supervisors and employees can increase the motivation and feeling of a strong entity among employees. The result of the study also indicated the importance of a strong structure build buy a good dialogue and support between supervisors and employees within an organization.

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  • 9.
    Abdi, Diana
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med urininkontinens: En litteraturstudie2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Urinary incontinence can affect all people and is described as a difficulty in controlling the urine, which in turn can lead to involuntary urinary leakage. There are several reasons behind urinary incontinence, for instance due to weakness in the connective tissue and muscles of the pelvic floor. Women who suffer from urinary incontinence have thought of it as normal and temporary, although it is a permanent condition. Urinary leakage can also give the feeling of discomfort, which may evolve into anxiety and distress about how to handle the leakage. The fear of getting urine leakage publicly can also lead to social isolation. Aim: The aim is to investigate women's experiences of living with urinary incontinence. Method: A qualitative literature study of eleven scientific articles was conducted. Result: The analysis is presented with three themes; Emotional imbalance, Powerlessness and Attitude, as well as six additional subthemes; Feelings of shame, Feelings of fear, A lost bodily control, Limitations in everyday life, Feelings of taboo and Accepting existence.

    The main conclusion: Urinary incontinence is a taboo coated subject and may be due to several reasons, including that women feel embarrassed to speak about it publicly, which in turn may mean a lack of awareness within the health care but also among the affected women. Furthermore, when women sought treatment and found different strategies to reduce leakage, the symptoms decreased.

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  • 10.
    Abdi, Intisar
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Nakiberu, Lukia
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Att vårda patienter med långvarig smärta: En allmän litteraturstudie2020Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Patienter med långvarig smärta upplever känslomässiga utmaningar i deras vardagliga liv. Smärta är en subjektiv upplevelse som uttrycks olika beroende på individen men skapar även begränsningar i patienters liv. Kroppens egen rörlighet försämras och detta resulterar till att patienter upplever en förlust av sin egen självbestämmande. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med långvarig smärta. Metod: Kvalitativ litteraturstudie med beskrivande syntes enligt Evans (2002) analysmetod. Resultat: Analysen av valda tio artiklar identifierade två teman. Första temat är Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av smärtbehandling med två subteman som är Identifiera och bedöma patienters smärta och Genom omvårdnadsåtgärder mildra smärta. Andra temat är Svårigheter att möta patienters behov med tre subteman som är Arbeta med begränsad kunskap & erfarenhet, Känna sig otillräcklig och Arbeta under tidsbrist och stress. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor har en central roll i vårdandet av patienter som lider av smärta. Många faktorer påverkar sjuksköterskor att tillgodose en individualiserad vård med kvalité och en utveckling inom området behövs.

  • 11.
    Abdimaxmud, Nagaad
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Elevhälsoteamets upplevelser av covid-19-pandemin: En kvalitativ intervjustudie2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 12.
    Abdirahman, Jaweriya
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Amoor, Rasha
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Återhämtning efter stroke: En litteraturstudie utifrån sjuksköterskors perspektiv2021Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Stroke is one of the public health disorders that is often followed by a lengthy recovery process. Complications can be reduced as soon as possible if stroke patients get treatment that is custom to patient's individual health needs. Nurses responsibility is to support patients and relatives. Problem: Patients and relatives experience that nurses' lack of time and insufficient knowledge have a negative effect on nursing. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of caring for patients in their post-stroke recovery. Method: A literature study of qualitative approach. Results: Nurses described that their central function was to create a good relationship with patients and relatives to support patient recovery. Nurses described their experiences of supporting patients and that their basic knowledge was not enough. Due to lack of time and lack of knowledge, nurses find it difficult to provide good care to patients. Conclusions: Nurses experienced difficulties in caring for and supporting patients who have had a stroke, both mentally and physically in order for them to regain quality of life. This was because nurses experienced a lack of time and insufficient knowledge as well as emotional strain. More time with each individual patient, in-house training and support from work colleagues could be suggestions for solutions that can support nurses in their care of patients diagnosed with stroke.

  • 13.
    Abdisalam, Sadia Mohamed
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Ibrahim, Fatuma Harir
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    SJUKSKÖTERSKANS UPPLEVELSER AV ATT VÅRDA PATIENTER I LIVETS SLUTSKEDE: En systematisk litteraturstudie2021Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Death is a universal reality that affects all people. The registered nurse is responsible for alleviating the suffering and offering the best possible quality of life to the patients and their relatives. When the nurse feels that her own knowledge and understanding is not sufficient, they cannot satisfy the needs of patients. Previous research shows that patients in the final stages of life experience anxiety when incorrect information is given. Palliative care is based on four cornerstones: symptom relief, teamwork, communication and relationships, and support for relatives. Aim: To describe the nurse's experiences of caring for patients at the end of life. Method: Systematic literature study with description synthesis and the results based on ten qualitative scientific articles. Result: The analysis resulted in two themes; See the unique person and Challenges in the care that describe nurses' experiences with five sub-themes that answer the purpose. Conclusion: Caring for patients at the end of life is perceived by nurses as a challenge. Challenges are related to nurses' lack of knowledge, and this in turn was considered that they needed more education, as well as difficulties in meeting relatives who affect care. The nurses experienced that with increased knowledge and professional experience as well as clear communication, they could contribute to one good worthy death. The care is experienced as rewarding when the nurses respond to and satisfies patients' needs in a good relationship.

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    Examensarbete
  • 14.
    Abdu, Hasna Ibrahim
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Fungula, Natacha
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    MÅLTID OCH DEMENSSJUKDOM: Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bevara nutrition2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 15.
    Abdul Hak, Jad
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    HÄLSOFRÄMJANDE STRATEGIER OM ÖKAT INFLYTANDE FÖR MÄNNISKOR MED FUNKTIONSHINDER: En kvalitativ studie om medarbetares erfarenheter av en ideell organisations folkhälsoarbete i Egypten2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: World Health Organization (WHO) advocates health promotion to strengthen the health of vulnerable groups. This includes equal value and basic human rights to all, including people with disabilities. Helm is a non-governmental organization operating in Egypt. Helm’s work in Egypt aims at raising awareness concerning the disability area and including people with disabilities throughout the society, in relation to one of Agenda 2030's core principles of leaving no one behind.

     

    Aim: The aim of the study is to describe employees experiences of how the Egyptian organization Helm works with health promotion strategies to strengthen the health of people with disabilities.

     

    Method: A qualitative method was applied throughout the study with an inductive approach to find similarities with theories that correlates with the organizations strategic work. A targeted controlled sample of five employees working within the organization Helm were interviewed with a pre-formed semi-structured interview guide. The resulting material was analyzed using a manifest content analysis.

     

    Results: Multiple strategies as a guiding principle in the health promotion work were applied by Helm. A combination of strategies on a holistic view of raising awareness through knowledge dissemination, working with inclusion and an empowering bottom-up perspective were included in the strategic work. Society's attitudes about the target group, implementation of laws and policies, as well as infrastructural factors, were found to aggravate the inclusion work. Helm’s employees found partnerships and cooperation as facilitating factors through cross-sector collaboration,. Agenda 2030’s principle of “leaving no one behind” inspires Helm in the long term to aspire achieving sustainability goal number 10 on reduced inequalities.

     

    Conclusion: By strengthening the empowerment for people with disabilities in combination with close collaborations of higher ministries, facilitates the organizations aim of raising awareness through knowledge dissemination.

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  • 16.
    Abdul Hak, Jad
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Samverkan för nyanländas psykiska hälsa: En kvalitativ studie om verksamhetschefers och samordnares uppfattning av det kommunala samverkansarbetet i Stockholms län2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: About a third of newly arrived’s suffers from mental illness. The national collaboration commission aims to strengthen newly arrived’s participation and establishment in society, which sustainably facilitates the integration process and promotes better mental health. A sector-wide public health work on collaboration is considered as a prerequisite and an important actor are the municipalities. However, research concerning municipal collaboration regarding newly arrived’s mental health remains scarce.

    Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate operations managers and coordinators perception of how municipal collaboration for mental health among newly arrived is conducted in Stockholm County.

    Method: A qualitative method was applied with a targeted controlled sample which included nine operation managers and coordinators from municipalities within Stockholm County. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the resulting material was analyzed using a manifest content analysis.

    Results: Various collaboration forums enhance the exchange of knowledge and experiences. The need for consensus contributes to the communal solution required to develop forms of collaboration. The ambiguity about newly arrived’s mental health results in unclear areas of actor’s responsibility, different priorities, and a lack of knowledge about newly arrived’s mental health, which hinders collaboration.

    Conclusion: Collaboration between municipalities for the mental health of newly arrived presupposes consensus on mutual working methods. Differences between municipalities can contribute to health inequalities and it is therefore important that collaboration is conducted through knowledge-based work of the target group.

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  • 17.
    Abdulahi Abdi, Saynab
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Mohamed Dirie, Adno
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Personcentrerad vård: En studie om personcentrerad vård på akutsjukhus2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Personcentrerad vård ska prägla vården då det ingår som en av kärnkompetenserna en sjuksköterska bör ha. Patienter upplever att livs- och vårdkvalitén ökar när personcentrerad omvårdnad tillämpas i vården. Patienter känner sig mer sedda och uppskattar att bil lyssnade till. Detta brister ibland då patienter har erfarenheter av saknaden av personcentrerad omvårdnad på akutsjukhusen. Patienter och anhöriga har erfarenheter av att sjuksköterskor inte alltid är närvarande och att det inte ges tid. Syftet: Att skapa en överblick av sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av personcentrerad vård på akutsjukhus. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt genomfördes. 10 vårdvetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades i arbetet varav 9 artiklar var kvalitativa studier och 1 artikel var kvantitativ studie. Resultat: I resultatet presenteras likheter och skillnader i artiklarnas syften, metod och resultat. I likheter och skillnader av artiklarnas resultat identifierades fyra teman: vårdrelationer, delaktighet, brister och arbetsgruppen och arbetsrutinerna . Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor visade vilja att skapa vårdrelationer för att främja personcentrerad omvårdnad men hindrades av brist på kunskap, brist på tid som kan uppstå på akutsjukhus samt arbetsrutiner och arbetsgruppen. Sjuksköterskor erfor att kunskapsutbytet i arbetsgruppen samt relationer med patienter och anhöriga kunde främja och öka möjligheterna till att personcentrerad omvårdnad uppnåddes på akutsjukhusen.

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    personcentrerad vård
  • 18.
    Abdul-Fattah, Amira
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Att stå på egna ben: Upplevelser av att vara nyutbildad sjuksköterska2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att undersöka nyutbildade sjuksköterskors gemensamma upplevelser av att börja arbeta efter examen. Detta undersöktes genom åtta intervjupersoner varav två män och sex kvinnor, valdes ur ett handplockat urval och intervjuades utifrån en semistrukturerad intervju. Deltagarna intervjuades om sina unika upplevelser av att vara nyutbildade sjuksköterskor. Resultaten av en tematisk analys påvisade fyra kategorier, att känna osäkerhet, att känna stress, självständighet och att få stöd. Första kategorin bestod av subkategorierna ensamhet, att begå misstag, och kunskapsbrist. Andra kategorin hade subkategorierna oförmåga, tidsbrist, brist på stöd och att hantera svåra lägen. Tredje kategorin hade subkategorierna att känna självtillit, att bli stark och att få rutiner. Sista kategorin hade subkategorierna att få bekräftelse och feedback, att få uppskattning och bli vägledd. Studien kan ge bredare perspektiv på framtida studier gällande nyutbildade sjuksköterskors upplevelse av stress. Slutsatsen av studien är att nyutbildade sjuksköterskors upplevelser är individuella och kan vara både positiva och negativa.

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    Att stå på egna ben: Upplevelser av att vara nyutbildad sjuksköterska
  • 19.
    Abdul-Fattah, Doha
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Kamali, Parwa
    NÄR VARDAGEN FÖRÄNDRAS: - En litteraturstudie om vuxna personers upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 22017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common diseases in Sweden. Living with type 2 diabetes affects the person’s daily life and life situation. Treatment of type 2 diabetes consists of the patients making lifestyle changes and self-care. Nurses have expressed a need for knowledge regarding how to support and educate patients with type 2 diabetes, in their self-care. Aim: To describe adult’s experiences of living with type 2 diabetes. Method: A qualitative literature study with descriptive approach. Results: The analysis resulted in two themes. The themes were loss of control over daily life, regain stability and hope in life. The persons experienced lack of knowledge about their disease, furthermore, they felt anxiety and anger. The persons experienced that they had difficulties adjusting their diet. After a certain period of illness, the people accepted and managed the disease and got support both from their families and from health care professionals. Conclusion: The care and education that patients with diabetes type 2 are offered need to be more individualized. This can ensure and help the patients with type 2 diabetes perform adequate self-care by their own preconditions, to maintain health and well-being.

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    NÄR VARDAGEN FÖRÄNDRAS
  • 20.
    Abdulkadir, Hani
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Yurek, Helin
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    SJUKSKÖTERSKORS ERFARENHETER AV ATT VÅRDA PATIENTER I PALLIATIVT SKEDE: En allmän litteraturöversikt2021Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 21.
    Abdulla, Hana
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    FYSISK INAKTIVITET OCH STILLASITTANDE BLAND BARN OCH UNGA I GRUNDSKOLAN2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Children and youth inactivity and sedentary at school is increasing. This means that some of the students have a significant unhealthy lifestyle with physical inactivity, which in turn implies risks of suffering from various diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, all related to a sedentary lifestyle. To prevent illness, it is important that children and young people early get a positive attitude towards physical activity.

    The purpose of this study was to study the causes of child and adolescent physical inactivity in school, based on teachers 'and parents' perspectives.

    A qualitative research has been selected. To achieve the study objectives, the author has conducted seven semi-structured interviews, with an appropriate choice of five teachers and two parents with children in school. Data was analyzed with a manifest content analysis.

    The results show that teachers and parents felt that physical activity is a protective factor for children's health. There are several reasons for physical inactivity in students today, blah new technologies, various transportation facilities and family finances. Some measures that can reduce the physical inactivity, for example be to increase sports lesson 'time and by starting with children and young people's interest to make them feel joy in moving, which increases the interest in physical activity.

    The conclusion of this work is that children's movement is important for their health. Children and youth in elementary school in need of physical activity so that they feel good. Both schools and parents have a responsibility to promote children's physical activity so that they can preserve their health, before improving their learning ability, have more energy and to manage the school in a good way.

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  • 22.
    Abdullah, Hawkar
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare.
    Mohamud, Ashraf
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare.
    Vilken betydelse har Mälardalens fritidsgård för ungdomar som besöker den?: En kvalitativ analys utifrån ungdomars perspektiv2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 23.
    Abdullah, Shaymaá Najm
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Empati och psykologiskt välbefinnande bland vårdpersonal: Betydelsen av kön, ålder och arbetslivserfarenhet2019Student paper other, 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Forskning har visat att empati och välbefinnande förändras med ålder. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan empati och psykologiskt välbefinnande bland vårdpersonal samt om det finns skillnad på empati och välbefinnande som kan kopplas till kön, ålder och arbetslivserfarenhet. Deltagare var 107 personer, varav 32 män och 75 kvinnor inom åldersspannet 18 – 64 år. De besvarade en enkät med totalt 42 påståenden. Davis empatiskala (1983) samt Keyes välbefinnandeskala (2009) användes i studien. Resultatet visade ett positivt samband mellan perspektivtagande och socialt välbefinnande. Det fanns ett negativt samband mellan personlig oro och ålder. Det fanns även ett negativt samband mellan personlig oro och socialt välmående, MHC_SF välbefinnandeskalan. Anmärkningsvärda resultat att belysa är att kvinnor visade mer empati än män. En tänkbar förklaring är att empatiska individer kan uppleva aktiva sociala relationer bättre än icke empatiska individer. 

  • 24.
    Abdullah, Tara
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Nutritionsrelterade problem hos äldre patienter: En litteraturstudie ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 25.
    Abed, Hadir Carmen
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Utanförskapsarbete i en kommun: En kvalitativ studie om hur en kommun arbetar med utanförskapsfrågor2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There are differences in health between different groups in society. The differences can cause negative consequences for individuals and for the society. Young adults, immigrants, people with addiction problems, contributions dependent, people with diagnoses are currently outside the labor market who are more likely to end up in social exclusion. Individuals who are far from the labor market can affect their life situation, which usually has negative consequences. Work today is a central part of individuals lives that’s gives a sense of context and meaningfulness. The aim of the study is to analyse communal employees experience of work with exclusion. To answer the study’s purpose, a qualitative method was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with five communal employees who work with people in social exclusion in a communal in the middle of Sweden. The collected material has been analysed through a manifest content analysis. The results show that collaboration between different actors facilitates their ability to provide social support to individuals who are in exclusion. Social support was considered important in work with exclusion because it leads to positive factors. The communal employees highlighted that social context among vulnerable individuals is something that affects them to take part in the society and experience meaningfulness. A reasonable conclusion from the result is that communal employees work to increase the social context among vulnerable people who seek help thereby increasing social support. The participants have highlighted that their work with people is in social exclusion succeeds with the help of their collaboration with actors and authorities.

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  • 26.
    Abildgaard, J. S.
    et al.
    National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark, Denmark.
    Hasson, H.
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    von Thiele Schwarz, Ulrica
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare.
    Løvseth, L. T.
    St Olavs University Hospital, Norway.
    Ala-Laurinaho, A.
    Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland, Finland.
    Nielsen, K.
    University of Sheffield, UK, United Kingdom.
    Forms of participation: The development and application of a conceptual model of participation in work environment interventions2020In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, ISSN 0143-831X, E-ISSN 1461-7099, Vol. 4, no 3, p. 746-769Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the realm of work environment improvements, the Nordic countries have led the way in demonstrating that employee participation is a key requisite for achieving improvements. Despite this, there is a lack of precision as to what ‘participatory’ in a participatory work environment intervention means. In this study, the authors present a conceptual model for participation in work environment interventions and apply it to protocols and manuals from eight participatory interventions to determine the form of participation used in each intervention. The authors suggest that the conceptual model can be applied in the design and assessment of participatory work environment interventions. 

  • 27.
    Abrahamsson, Caroline
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Jonsson, Eleonor
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Samband mellan genetiska faktorer och korsbandsruptur - en litteraturöversikt.2011Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Personer med främre korsbandsruptur utgör en stor patientgrupp för en idrottsverksam sjukgymnast. Skadan är även vanlig hos hundar . Då hund och människa har likartad knäanatomi var det intressant att inkludera båda i samma studie. Alla bakomliggande faktorer till främre korsbandsruptur är inte helt utredda i dagsläget och detta gör det svårt att optimera preventiva åtgärder. En faktor som börjat utredas på senare år är den genetiska, dock inte i någon större utbredning. Syftet med denna uppsats var att sammanställa det aktuella kunskapsläget gällande ett eventuellt samband mellan genetiska faktorer och korsbandsruptur hos människa och hund. Detta studerades i en litteraturstudie, där data framför allt samlades in via vårdvetenskapliga och medicinska databaser. De 15 inkluderade artiklarna analyserades systematiskt genom hela processen och bevisvärde samt evidensstyrka värderades. Resultatet visar att det finns tydliga tecken på ett samband mellan genetiska faktorer och korsbandsruptur för människor. För hundar finns inte något tydligt samband. De granskade studierna visade ej signifikanta samband. Då det saknas studier med högt bevisvärde hos både människa och hund kan inte en stark slutsats dras. Därför behövs vidare forskning för att kunna bekräfta eller utesluta sambandet mellan genetiska faktorer och korsbandsruptur.

  • 28.
    Abrahamsson, Emma
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Arvidsson, Jenny
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    FRIVILLIGT ENSAMSTÅENDE: Kvalitativ intervjustudie om kvinnors erfarenheter i mötet med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal i samband med assisterad befruktning2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: År 2016 blev det möjligt för ensamstående kvinnor i Sverige att genomgå assisterad befruktning. Nuvarande forskning har bristfällig kunskap om kvinnors erfarenheter av mötet med vårdpersonal och fokuserar mestadels på varför kvinnor frivilligt väljer assisterad befruktning och uppfostra barnen som ensamstående. Syfte: Att beskriva ensamstående kvinnors erfarenheter i mötet med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal i samband med assisterad befruktning. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Tio kvinnor från föreningen för frivilligt ensamstående mödrar intervjuades individuellt i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet identifierades fyra kategorier: Kvinnors syn på fertilitetsvård i Sverige, Bemötande från vårdpersonal, Stöd från vårdpersonal samt Betydelsefulla faktorer för god vård. Kvinnorna var tacksamma över möjligheten att genomgå assisterade befruktning i Sverige och kunna bli moder. Kvinnorna hade både positiva och negativa erfarenheter av bemötande och stöd från vårdpersonal. Kvinnorna hade önskan om god vård och samma bemötande som ges till par vid assisterad befruktning, graviditet och förlossning. Det beskrevs att hälso- och sjukvården fortsatt är normativ och behöver utvecklas. Utbildnings- och informationsmaterial behöver uppdateras för att inkludera fler familjekonstellationer. Konklusion: Mer kunskap och utbildning för vårdpersonal kan leda till mer normmedvetet förhållningssätt vilket kan leda till mer jämlik vård för alla.

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  • 29.
    Abrahamsson, Eva
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Sääskilahti, Ida
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av personcentrerad vård: En allmän litteraturöversikt2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In the 1950s there is a shift from an approach where patient have a passive role towards a more actice and participatory role in caring. Laws and policies emphasize patients' rights and the nurse's responsibility for providing good and safe care. Patients describe that person-centered care brings about a sense of trust, dignity, integrity and security. Aim: To describe nurses´ experiences of person-centred care. Method: A general literature review. Result: Nurses could create a care relationship by involving patients, taking into account patients individual preferences. With adapted information for the individual patient, nurses could contribute to an increased knowledge and understanding of the patients. Barriers to the performance of person-centered care arose in a shortage of time and when patients views were abscent. Conclusion: By being attentive and present, nurses can monitor patients change and make visible the needs and values of patients. The fact that the patients are involved in the care gives them an opportunity to grow.

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  • 30.
    Abrahamsson, Pia-Marie
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Kron, Viktoria
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    "Det känns som att man blir betraktad som en andra klassens medborgare”: Hur patienter med allvarlig psykisk ohälsa erfar den somatiska vården och psykiatrisjuksköterskans erfarenheter av ansvar för fysisk hälsa i psykiatrisk vård2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Tidigare forskning talar om förutfattade meningar, okunskap, rädsla m.m. hos somatisk vårdpersonal och om patienter som känner sig avskrivna från den somatiska vården med att det är den psykiska ohälsan som är orsak till de fysiska symtomen. Psykiatrins vårdpersonal upplever problem med att vårda den fysiska hälsan hos patienten, då deras specialitet är den psykiska hälsan.  Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva hur patienter med allvarlig psykisk ohälsa erfar den somatiska vården och psykiatrisjuksköterskans erfarenheter av ansvar relaterat till psykiatripatienternas fysiska hälsa. Studien bygger på nio semistrukturerade intervjuer, varav fem intervjuer med patienter och fyra intervjuer med psykiatrisjuksköterskor. Intervjuerna har analyserats utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att patienterna känner sig sedda som sin psykiska sjukdom och upplever sig inte vara lika mycket värda som övriga patienter i den somatiska sjukvården. Psykiatrisjuksköterskorna erfar att det finns många svårigheter både teoretiskt och praktiskt för dem att ta hand om patienternas fysiska hälsa. Slutsatsen är att fördomar upplevs som tyngande för patienterna och orsakar med tiden mer psykisk ohälsa och större risker för deras fysiska hälsa. För sjuksköterskan är det en konst att skilja på vilket som tillhör psykiatriska vårdens ansvar och vad som är ämnat för den somatiska vården.

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  • 31.
    Abrahamsson, Sandra
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Sundbäck, Jenni
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Överrapporteringens påverkan på patientsäkerheten: En allmän litteraturöversikt2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 32.
    Abu Eid, Anna
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Jonsson, Josefin
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Förebyggande faktorer mot compassion fatigue: En allmän litteraturöversikt2019Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar att vårdtyngden på sjukhusen ökar vilket leder till att vården blir påverkad, då sjuksköterskor anser att de inte vårdar etiskt och moraliskt rätt. Detta på grund av att det inte finns tillräckligt med tid att ge varje patient ”det lilla extra’’ och prioriteringar måste ske. Stressen hos sjuksköterskor ökar på grund av att prioriteringar är medvetna men inte självvalda, medvetenheten leder till att de arbetar på ett sätt sjuksköterskan själv anser är etiskt fel. Denna etiskt betingade stress leder till att kvaliteten på vården påverkas. Stressen kan leda till självanklagelser som “borde jag ha sprungit snabbare mellan patienterna”. På grund av bristfällig återhämtning försvinner krafterna till att ge en god vård. Syfte: Att belysa skyddsfaktorer som förebygger Compassion fatigue (CF) hos sjuksköterskor. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt. Där vårdvetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativa, kvantitativa och mixad metod har använts. Resultat: Få stöd av sina kollegor, ledning och familjemedlemmar var viktiga faktorer för att förebygga CF. Kunskap hur sjuksköterskorna själva fungerar för att kunna minska sin stress, samt att känna compassion satisfaction var viktiga aspekter för att kunna förebygga CF. Slutsats: När sjuksköterskorna kände en mening med vårdandet kunde CF förebyggas.

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  • 33.
    Abusagr, Leila
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Bozic, Milica
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Könsskillnader utifrån sexual economics theory och sexual double standards2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sexual economics theory (SET) innebär att kvinnor kan använda sin sexualitet som resurs mot mäns materiella och emotionella resurser. Sexual double standards (SDS) innebär att män och kvinnor uppmanar män men avråder kvinnor från casual sex. Ökad medvetenhet kan leda till att skillnader mellan råd till män respektive kvinnor undviks, vilket minskar SDS och främjar jämställdhet. Studien undersökte om SET har fäste i ett samhälle som anses jämställt. Ett tillgänglighetsurval på 125 kvinnor och 75 män gjordes vid en högskola i Mellansverige. Enkätundersökningen berörde råd om casual sex, aspekter som söks i en partner samt påståenden relaterade till SET. Män uppvisade SDS eftersom de uppmanade andra män mer än de uppmanade kvinnor till casual sex. Däremot visade kvinnor tendens till omvänd SDS gällande casual sex, vilket tyder på ojämställdhet i Sverige. I framtida studier rekommenderas specificering av person som får råd, då mätningen blir mer reliabel och resultat kan generaliseras.

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  • 34.
    Achitei, Rodica
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Cruz Barreto de Araújo, Rosa
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Att stödja äldres autonomi: En litteraturöversikt utifrån sjuksköterskors erfarenheter2020Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Befolkningen blir allt mer bestående av äldre vilka med åldrandet, pensionering och kroppsvaghet upplever en minskad autonomi. Sjuksköterskans roll i äldres omvårdnad riktas till att behandla människan som en helhet och lindra lidandet. Problem: Fysiska begränsningar, beroendet av vård samt att inte kunna delta i egen vård och förlust av självbestämmande kan resultera i försämring av äldres autonomi. Detta kan leda till en försämring av äldres hälsa. Syfte: att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att stödja äldres autonomi. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med sex kvalitativa, tre kvantitativa och en artikel med mixad metod som analyserades och presenterades i examensarbetets resultat. Resultat: Efter analys framkom det två teman: Sjuksköterskans möjligheter att ge individuell anpassad vård och Sjuksköterskans utmaningar i att kunna ge individuell vård. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskan erfor både möjligheter samt utmaningar i att stödja äldres autonomi. Autonomifrämjande möjligheter erfors utifrån individuell anpassad vård, vårdform samt äldres närstående. Utmaningar erfors av sjuksköterskan i form av tid- och personalbrist samt närstående som begränsar äldres autonomi trots utförande förmågan.

  • 35.
    Ackesten, Emmelie
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Gustafsson, Marie
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    En begränsad vardag: En allmän litteraturöversikt om erfarenheter av att leva med diabetesfotsår2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 36.
    Adair, Brooke
    et al.
    Australian Catholic Univ, Ctr Disabil & Dev Res, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia..
    Ullenhag, Anna
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare.
    Rosenbaum, Peter
    McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Granlund, Mats
    Jonkoping Univ, CHILD, SIDR, Sch Hlth Sci, Jonkoping, Sweden..
    Keen, Deb
    Griffith Univ, Autism Ctr Excellence, Mt Gravatt, Qld, Australia..
    Imms, Christine
    Australian Catholic Univ, Ctr Disabil & Dev Res, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia..
    Measures used to quantify participation in childhood disability and their alignment with the family of participation-related constructs: a systematic review2018In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, ISSN 0012-1622, E-ISSN 1469-8749, Vol. 60, no 11, p. 1101-1116Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AimWe aimed to identify measures used to assess the participation of disabled children and to map the measures' content to the family of participation-related constructs (fPRC) to inform future research and practice. MethodSix databases were searched to identify measures used to assess participation in health, psychology, and education research. Included studies involved children aged 0 to 18 years with a permanent impairment or developmental disability and reported use of a quantitative measure of participation. A second search sought relevant literature about each identified measure (including published manuals) to allow a comprehensive understanding of the measure. Measurement constructs of frequently reported measures were then mapped to the fPRC. ResultsFrom an initial yield of 32 767 articles, 578 reported one or more of 118 participation measures. Of these, 51 measures were reported in more than one article (our criterion) and were therefore eligible for mapping to the fPRC. Twenty-one measures quantified aspects of participation attendance, 10 quantified aspects of involvement as discrete scales, and four quantified attendance and involvement in a manner that could not be separated. InterpretationImproved understanding of participation and its related constructs is developing rapidly; thoughtful selection of measures in research is critical to further our knowledge base.

  • 37.
    Adhikari, Shambhu P.
    et al.
    Kathmandu Univ, Sch Med Sci, Dept Physiotherapy, Dhulikhel, Nepal..
    Dev, Rubee
    San Yat Sen Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Sch Publ Hlth, Guanghou, Peoples R China..
    Sandborgh, Maria
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare.
    Alternatives to routinely used physiotherapy interventions for achieving maximum patients' benefits and minimising therapists' exposure in treatment of COVID-19 - a commentary2020In: European Journal of Physiotherapy, ISSN 2167-9169, E-ISSN 2167-9177, Vol. 22, no 6, p. 373-378Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The evidence and effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in treatment of patients with confirmed or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Routinely used interventions in physiotherapy imply a very high risk for physiotherapists because the duration of direct contact with patients is quite long. Physiotherapy may need to be administered by weighing the benefit-risk ratio. Therefore, there is a critical and urgent need to adopt alternatives or modified forms of physiotherapy interventions. As the situation for management of COVID-19 in low-resource contexts could differ from that in high resource context, interventions need to be adapted to the available resources and technology in various settings. Tele-physiotherapy could be a viable option for patients who are in acute care in the hospital, in rehabilitation unit or under quarantine at home due to confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Modification in physiotherapy interventions and adjustment in intervention parameters may serve as an alternative strategy. This article describes alternatives to and/or modification of routinely used physiotherapy interventions for achieving maximum patients' benefits and minimising therapists' exposure in treatment of individuals with confirmed or suspected COVID-19.

  • 38.
    Adlerteg, Veronica
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Nackfunktion efter främre cervikal fusion2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 39.
    Afrayem, Simona
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Handlingsutrymme - Befrielse eller Begränsning?: En intervjustudie om försäkringsutredares upplevelse av handlingsutrymmet på ansvarsområdet för sjukersättning.2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Discretion gives social insurance officers a certain amount of self-determination in the assessment of work ability. A legally secure assessment of work ability and a sharp relation to rules and guidelines are expected. It thus becomes difficult to be self-determinate as rules and guidelines entail some restrictions in the discretion. The purpose of the present study is to examine how social insurance officers with responsibility for disability pension experience their discretion in relation to their main assignment; assessment of the insured’s work ability. To answer the study's purpose and questions, a qualitative method has been used where five semi-structured interviews were accomplished with social insurance officers, all of whom with responsibility for disability pension. The results show that the social insurance officers’ discretion is limited based on legislation, formal roles and the quality of the medical report. Furthermore, there is a minimal space for enabling through the assessment chain, but the limitations prove to have a superior role. Finally, the results show that the social insurance officers’ make the assessment of work ability in different ways. The results of the study have then been analyzed in a thematic analysis based on previous research and theoretical points of departure.

  • 40.
    Afua Quaye, Angela
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Castor, Charlotte
    Lund University.
    Coyne, Imelda
    Trinity College, Dublin, Irland.
    Söderbäck, Maja
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare.
    Kristensson Hallström, Inger
    Lund University.
    How are children’s best interests expressed during their hospital visit?: An observational study2021In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 30, no 23-24, p. 3644-3656Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims and objectives: To describe ways in which children's best interests were observed to be expressed in paediatric settings during their hospital visit. Background: The best interests of the child are embodied in national and international legal systems, although the definition remains problematic. The child's limited autonomy mandates duty bearers to have both a child perspective and the child's perspective when considering what the best interest of the child entails in care situations. Design: A qualitative descriptive study with overt, non-participant observations fulfilling the COREQ criteria. Methods: Thirty-two observations of interactions between children aged 2 to 17 years with both acute and chronic conditions, their parents and healthcare professionals were conducted at three paediatric hospitals in Sweden. Inductive and abductive reasoning were used in the content analysis of data, which followed the identification, coding, categorising and abstraction of observed patterns of the best interest of the child. Results: Findings reveal facilitating and obstructing factors for the child's best interests to be safeguarded in healthcare situations. Children were guided in or hindered from exercising their competence. The observations showed a variation in actions taken by both parents and healthcare professionals to safeguard the best interests of the child. Conclusions: Determining the best interest of the child requires a case-by-case basis, as it is context-dependent, situational, flexible and dependent on all actors involved and actual decisions made. Relevance to clinical practice: Healthcare professionals’ actions can facilitate or obstruct observed expressions of the child's best interest. It is essential to enhance healthcare professionals’ communication skills, knowledge awareness and continuing education about the rights of children receiving healthcare services. Reflections and discussions on how to protect the best interests of children may help healthcare professionals to uphold children's best interest in daily clinical practice.

  • 41.
    Agemalm, Stina
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Thuvander, Frida
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda palliativt: En litteraturstudie2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Patients who receive palliative care experience that they lose their independence through the disease and are frustrated that their body is not functioning as before. They also experience that their situation make them change their attitudes towards life. Several patients appreciate when healthcare professionals show genuine interest and the same patients have confidence in the healthcare system. Some patients experience that the healthcare professionals have no time and that their knowledge regarding their psychosocial problems is inadequate. Aim: The purpose is to describe nurses experience of nursing in palliative care. Method: Qualitative literature study with descriptive synthesis. Ten qualitative articles have been analyzed and is presented in the result. Results: After analysis, two themes were disclosed; Becoming enriched and Being challenged who described nurse’s experiences presented under five subthemes. Conclusion: Nurses perceived, among other things, that they were strengthened as a person and that they learned to re-prioritize and appreciate life. They also experienced grief over the fate of patients and it was common to take work home. Several of the nurses perceived that doctors did not give them support, others felt that their lack of experience contributed to the care worsening.

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  • 42.
    Aghajani Rahim, Hanna
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Gallo, Alexandra
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Hur hamnade jag där?: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med tidigare kriminella2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Forskning har påvisat orsaker till att en individ kan hamna i kriminalitet men inte vilka huvudorsakerna är, därför valde författarna att undersöka detta närmare. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa tidigare kriminellas perspektiv på vad som påverkat dem under deras ungdom vilket resulterat i ett kriminellt beteende. Författarna intervjuade 15 deltagare i syfte att analysera deras livsberättelser och vilka faktorer som lett dem in i kriminalitet. Intervjudeltagarna var 10 män och fem kvinnor mellan 20–50 år som suttit i fängelse minst tre år. Studien utgick narrativ analys med tematiska frågor. Samtliga förklarade att de blivit kriminella på grund av: (1) bristen på tillhörighet, (2) orättvis behandling i skolan, (3) familjeförhållanden, (4) kriminella i familjen och umgängeskretsen samt (5) bristen på sysselsättning och missbruk. Denna studie visar att det sällan finns en ensam nämnare till varför en individ hamnar i kriminalitet, utan att kriminalitet som fenomen är mycket komplext.

  • 43. Agneta, Breitholtz
    et al.
    Snellman, Ingrid
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare.
    Ingegerd, Fagerberg
    Ersta Skondal Univ Coll, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Older persons self determination within municipal home care services2010In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 19, p. 142-142Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Agnew, L.
    et al.
    University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia .
    Johnston, V.
    University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia .
    Ludvigsson, M. L.
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Rehab Väst, County Council of Östergötland, Sweden.
    Peterson, G.
    Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Overmeer, Thomas
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare.
    Johansson, G.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Peolsson, A.
    University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Factors associated with work ability in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder grade II-III: A cross-sectional analysis2015In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 47, no 6, p. 546-551Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To investigate the factors related to self-perceived work ability in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder grades II-III. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Patients: A total of 166 working age patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder. Methods: A comprehensive survey collected data on work ability (using the Work Ability Index); demographic, psychosocial, personal, work- and condition-related factors. Forward, stepwise regression modelling was used to assess the factors related to work ability. Results: The proportion of patients in each work ability category were as follows: poor (12.7%); moderate (39.8%); good (38.5%); excellent (9%). Seven factors explained 65% (adjusted R2= 0.65, p < 0.01) of the variance in work ability. In descending order of strength of association, these factors are: greater neck disability due to pain; reduced self-rated health status and health-related quality of life; increased frequency of concentration problems; poor workplace satisfaction; lower self-efficacy for performing daily tasks; and greater work-related stress. Conclusion: Condition-specific and psychosocial factors are associated with self-perceived work ability of individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorder.

  • 45.
    Agnsjö, Elin
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Ivanov, My
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Anorexia Nervosa: Kvinnors upplevelse av sjukdomsförloppet2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    AN är en sjukdom som drabbar många unga kvinnor idag. Sjukdomen innebär ett långt förlopp och karakteriseras av biologiska, psykiska och sociala besvär. Syftet med studien är att lyfta fram före detta AN  patienters upplevelse av sjukdomsförloppet och de bidragande faktorerna till återhämtningen. 11 semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades och resultatet tyder på att deltagarna delar likande livshistorier om både insjuknandet och faktorer till återhämtning. Delar av resultatet tyder på att deltagarna hittat motivation i relationer för bli fri från ätstörningen. Vidare forskningen inom detta område borde belysa och fördjupas i den attityd mot att sjukdomen är kronisk och även undersöka individers upplevda likgiltighet mot att kunna leva ett liv helt utan AN, då resonemanget att det inte går att bli helt återställd ofta uttrycks.

  • 46.
    Agvall, Mattias
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Snusanvändares attityder till snus och förklaringar till sitt användande2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

     

    Att snusa är något som kan leda till ett beroende och kan innebära en ökad risk för att få sjukdomar. Studien syftar till att dels undersöka snusares attityder och förklaringar till fortsatt användning av snus, dels förklaringar till att börja snusa. Sammanlagt åtta intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades med tematisering. I intervjuerna var det framträdande att gemenskap var anledningen till att börja snusa. Respondenterna utryckte flera faktorer till snusandet idag som ett bättre välmående, vanor eller att personen är beroende.  En slutsats är att en persons snusande verkar bero på attityden och inställningen till snus. Deltagarna framhåller att avgörande för om en person börjar snusa är de egna egenskaperna men också det sociala inflytande som andra har på personen. Studien bidrar med kunskaper om hur föräldrar, skolan och politiker kan jobba preventivt, det bidrar också till lärdomar i olika tobaksavvänjande miljöer.

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  • 47.
    Ahl, Therese
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Kinesiska universitetsstudenters uppfattningar om sexualundervisning för ungdomar i Kina2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sexuality and reproduction are two central parts of human life and they are integrated into our personalities. It is therefore important to create a good foundation for sexual health and wellbeing from an early age. To see adolescents as “ready to act-individuals” and to make them more involved in open dialog discussions contributes to extended possibilities for creating and sustaining a healthy lifestyle. The school is therefore considered as an important arena for health promoting and preventive actions where most adolescents can be reached. An obligated nine years school based education was implemented in China 1986, and school based Sex education became obligated in 2002.

     

    The study aimed to examine Chinese university student’s perceptions of Sexeducation for adolescents (10-19 years) in China and needs for changes and ongoing tendencies of development. Qualitative studies were conducted with three Chinese university students and contact was taken with a key person in China whom translated material for this study alone.

     

    The result showed various constructions of school based Sexeducation in China and that its implementation and construction needs more support. It also showed a need for the development of influence and participation in the school based Sexeducation. A need for creating an improved communication between teachers and students was also expressed and a more salutogenic approach needs to be developed.

     

    Through collaboration with other countries, for example Sweden, can today’s open-minded process of change benefit even more.

     

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  • 48.
    Ahl, Therese
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Sexual behavior among Chinese male and female medical university students in Chongqing, China2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sexuality is one of the most fundamental values of life as it affects our behaviors, thoughts and emotions. Young people are an especially essential group for promoting sexual health as it is during adolescents the base for our sexuality is created. The aim of this study was to examine Chinese male and female medical university student’s knowledge and ideas of sexual behavior at Chongqing Medical University in Chongqing, China. An explorative quantitative survey study was conducted at place in Chongqing. The survey study’s result showed that ideas of sexual behavior were seem to be permissive and love-based, and also bi- and homosexuality to be mainly acceptable. The Internet, books and friends were seemed as important sources for knowledge whereas few believed to have received adequate knowledge from school. It was also seemed to be a major lack of knowledge regarding STD’s and how to protect yourself as “safe periods” was believed to be an important contraceptive method. The relationship between contraception and the protection against STD seems to be obscure.

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    Sexual behavior among Chinese male and female medical university students in Chongqing, China
  • 49.
    Ahlblom, Annika
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Att hitta kraft i att vårda: En allmän litteraturöversikt2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 50.
    Ahlbäck, Maria
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Hälsofrämjande arbete med levnadsvanor i landstinget Västmanland: - Upplevelser av att delta i "Kom i form gruppen"2009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Healthy lifestyles are an important condition for creating a positive health and dietary habits, physical activity and stress are factors that affect health. As a result of recent changes in society people's lifestyles have changes through unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and stress has increased. Changing lifestyles have affected public health, and to invest in these areas in public health work can provide significant health benefits. Västmanland County Council operates a project to promote healthy behavior. The project includes "Kom i form gruppen" which is a group that focuses on nutrition, physical activity and stress. The aim was to investigate participants' experiences of participation in "Kom i form gruppen" and if the participation has affected their lifestyles. To answer the purpose, a qualitative approach with interviews used. The result shows that the content of the meetings has not identified any new knowledge. Participation has provided awareness and motivation and appreciation of food habits have been affected varied between participants. The participants' exercise habits have been affected by regular exercise occasions and everyday physical activity. Effect of stress has not been made, but they try to think about to rush less. Lack of time and stress, however, perceived as an impediment to healthy living.

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