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This bachelor’s thesis explores how the legalization of cannabis could impact the workload ofthe Swedish Police Authority and the Swedish Prison and Probation Service. Using aqualitative method based on semi-structured interviews with representatives from the PoliceAuthority and the drug policy researcher Ted Goldberg, the study examines institutional andcritical perspectives on Swedish drug policy. The theoretical framework includes the gatewaytheory, common liability theory and harm reduction.The findings reveal a clear divergence in perspective. The Police Authority views cannabis asa central component of broader criminal networks and expresses concern that legalizationmay increase usage, particularly among youth, and fail to eliminate the black market.However, the police also emphasize the importance of preventive work and inter-agencycollaboration, suggesting some openness to alternative approaches. In contrast, Goldbergadvocates for a shift toward a public health-oriented and evidence-based drug policy. Heargues that a regulated cannabis market could reduce stigma, free up law enforcementresources, and better address organized crime.The study concludes that Swedish drug policy is largely shaped by ideological positionsrather than empirical evidence. While legalization is not without risks, the current systemappears increasingly unsustainable. The thesis recommends a new state-led inquiry, pilotprograms in selected municipalities, and the development of a national harm reductionframework. These steps could pave the way for a more balanced, humane and effectiveapproach to drug policy in Sweden.