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The capture, annotation and commenting of documents in digital scholarly editions frequently necessitate a technical understanding of XML standards, such as TEI. However, we consider this approach inappropriate. Editors, such as literary scholars, should be able to focus on their content-related work without requiring a deep technical understanding of XML and specific standards governing the storage of the data. In this paper, we present a web-based WYSIWYA editor that allows the capture, annotation, and commenting of documents, such as the content of letters or postcards. The results are stored in XML with the up-to-date TEI standard. This provides an interface for exchange with other digital editions. Furthermore, we describe how integrating the WYSIWYA editor into the hermeneutic research workflow can support the work of literary scholars compared to previous approaches. Finally, we present and describe the challenges and solutions of transitioning to TEI-conformant content from previously proprietary formats. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.

As AI systems increasingly operate with autonomy and adaptability, the traditional boundaries of moral responsibility in techno-social systems are being challenged. This paper explores the evolving discourse on the delegation of responsibilities to intelligent autonomous agents and the ethical implications of such practices. Synthesizing recent developments in AI ethics, including concepts of distributed responsibility and ethical AI by design, the paper proposes a functionalist perspective as a framework. This perspective views moral responsibility not as an individual trait but as a role within a socio-technical system, distributed among human and artificial agents. As an example of "AI ethical by design," we present Basti and Vitiello's implementation. They suggest that AI can act as artificial moral agents by learning ethical guidelines and using Deontic Higher-Order Logic to assess decisions ethically. Motivated by the possible speed and scale beyond human supervision and ethical implications, the paper argues for "AI ethical by design," while acknowledging the distributed, shared, and dynamic nature of responsibility. This functionalist approach offers a practical framework for navigating the complexities of AI ethics in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.

Research on self-driving cars is transdisciplinary and its different aspects have attracted interest in general public debates as well as among specialists. To this day, ethical discourses are dominated by the Trolley Problem, a hypothetical ethical dilemma that is by construction unsolvable. It obfuscates much bigger real-world ethical challenges in the design, development, and operation of self-driving cars. The authors propose a systematic approach that connects processes, components, systems, and stakeholders to analyze the real-world ethical challenges for the ecology of socio-technological system of self-driving cars. They take a closer look at the regulative instruments, standards, design, and implementations of components, systems, and services, and they present practical social and ethical challenges that must be met and that imply novel expectations for engineering in car industry.

Digital scholarly editions are one way to preserve the great literary value of correspondences for future generations. They serve as a repository of data, enriched through annotations, textual-comments and contextual information, which is the result of a manifold and extensive groundwork and research effort. The workflow and tasks of editors provide insight into how such editions are created. This is of particular interest because with better tools and environments for creating digital scholarly editions, higher efficiency can be reached. Thus, in this paper, we provide an insight into work of editors, by analysing their workflow and related tasks, in context of a digital scholarly edition for correspondences project, and point out challenges, limitations and solutions. We confirm that there is a necessity for tools and advanced features for editors by showing examples from editorial work. Furthermore, the design process and its interconnections to software engineering and digital humanities are presented. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Ethical and social problems of the emerging technology of selfdriving cars can best be addressed through an applied engineeringethical approach. However, currently social and ethical problemsare typically being presented in terms of an idealized unsolvabledecision-making problem, the so-called Trolley Problem. Instead,we propose that ethical analysis should focus on the study of ethicsof complex real-world engineering problems. As software plays acrucial role in the control of self-driving cars, software engineeringsolutions should handle actual ethical and social considerations. Wetake a closer look at the regulative instruments, standards, design,and implementations of components, systems, and services and wepresent practical social and ethical challenges that must be met inthe ecology of the socio-technological system of self-driving carswhich implies novel expectations for software engineering in theautomotive industry. 

Digital (scholarly) editions are considered to be imperfect tools that are unable to meet the expectations of their users. Based on a previous study with expert users and literature research, tasks and challenges in the process of creating a digital (scholarly) edition were identified. Referring to the term computer-aided digital humanities, we looked into the different tasks and how tools could provide the required “computer-aided” support. In the context of text-based tasks, we identified several support levels from simple syntax checks in XML-Editors, to WYSIWYA-Editors, and finally to context-sensitive support, which utilises data from the same context, e.g., documents of the same author, or from the same writing date. Furthermore, we present concepts and prototypes as work in progress, which focus on support of editors of digital (scholarly) editions. 

Operating heavy vehicles, for instance an excavator, requires a high level of attention to the operation done using the vehicle and awareness of the surroundings. Digital transformation in heavy vehicles aims to improve productivity and user experience, but it can also increase the operators mental load because of a higher demand of attention to instrumentation and controls, subsequently leading to reduced situation awareness. One way to mitigate this, is to display information within the operators’ field of view, which enhances information detectability through quick glances, using mixed reality interfaces. This work explores two types of mixed reality visualizations and compares them to a traditional display setup in a simulated excavator environment. We have utilized eye-tracking glasses to study users’ attention to the task, surrounding awareness, and interfaces, followed by a NASA-RTLX questionnaire to evaluate the users’ reported mental workload. The results indicate benefits for the mixed reality approaches, with lower workload ratings together with an improved rate in detection of presented information.

Designing and testing new information and safety features for industrial vehicles do not need to involve the realization of high-fidelity and expensive simulators. We propose a low-cost mixed reality environment which allows for rapid development and rearrangement of a virtual and physical setup of a simulator for industrial vehicles. Our mixed reality simulator allows for safe testing of controls, information, and safety features to support drivers of industrial vehicles. In this paper, we test the implications of showing extra digital information to excavator drivers through a virtual environment, an external head-up display as well as a head-down display. Through user tests we have seen first indications that projected information through our mixed reality system and content on a head-up display is perceived as more helpful and intuitive than using head-down displays, when controlling our industrial vehicle simulator. Moreover, we have seen that the fear of overseeing an obstacle or other important information is lower when using a head-up display, in comparison to other tested visualization options. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018.

As an envisaged future of transportation, self-driving cars are being discussed from various perspectives, including social, economical, engineering, computer science, design, and ethical aspects. On the one hand, self-driving cars present new engineering problems that are being gradually successfully solved. On the other hand, social and ethical problems have up to now being presented in the form of an idealized unsolvable decision-making problem, the so-called "trolley problem", which is built on the assumptions that are neither technically nor ethically justifiable. The intrinsic unfairness of the trolley problem comes from the assumption that lives of different people have different values. In this paper, techno-social arguments are used to show the infeasibility of the trolley problem when addressing the ethics of self-driving cars. We argue that different components can contribute to an "unfair" behaviour and features, which requires ethical analysis on multiple levels and stages of the development process. Instead of an idealized and intrinsically unfair thought experiment, we present real-life techno-social challenges relevant for the domain of software fairness in the context of self-driving cars. 

This book is the second volume of a two-volume edition based on the International Society for Information Studies Summit Vienna 2015 on "The Information Society at the Crossroads. Response and Responsibility of the Sciences of Information" (see summit.is4is.org). The book gives an up-to-date multiaspect exposition of contemporary studies in the field of information and related areas. It presents most recent achievements, ideas and opinions of leading researchers in this domain reflecting their quest for advancing information science and technology. With the goal of building a better society, in which social and technological innovations help make information key to the flourishing of humanity, we dispense with the bleak view of the dark side of information society. It is aimed at readers that conduct research into any aspect of information, information society and information technology, who develop or implement social or technological applications. It is also for those who have an interest in participating in setting the goals for the sciences of information and the social applications of technological achievements and the scientific results.