https://www.mdu.se/

Study design: Triangulated mixed-methods validation study.

Objectives: To validate the Danish version of the Spinal Cord Lesion-related Coping Strategies Questionnaire (SCL-CSQ).

Setting: Community in Denmark.

Methods: Participants were invited via a patient organization and its specialized hospital. Eligibility criteria were having a spinal cord injury (SCI), being 18 years or older, and able to understand and respond in Danish. Quantitative data were collected to determine internal consistency and criterion validity of the three subscales of SCL-CSQ, i.e., acceptance, fighting spirit, and social reliance. The Three-Step Test-Interview approach was employed to determine whether items measured what they were intended to measure (i.e., construct validity based on response processes).

Results: The quantitative sample consisted of 107 participants, and the interview sample comprised 11 participants. The acceptance and fighting spirit subscales showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.72 and 0.76 respectively) and satisfactory criterion validity (expected correlations with quality of life and depression). The social reliance subscale showed inadequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.58) and criterion validity. All fighting spirit items and all but one acceptance items were interpreted congruently by most participants. Conversely, two social reliance items were only interpreted congruently by 9 and 27%.

Conclusion: The acceptance and fighting spirit subscales of the Danish version of the SCL-CSQ showed good psychometric properties, while the social reliance subscale showed serious issues and should be revised. Researchers and clinicians are urged to reflect on these findings when revising the SCL-CSQ or adapting it to other languages, cultural contexts, and rehabilitation settings.

The purpose of the thesis is to investigate what the social services work process looks like when a child is in danger or is suspected to be in danger. The study consists of three questions and in order to provide answers to the purpose, a qualitative research method is used with the help of semi-structured interviews. The result is based on five social secretaries from five different municipalities in Central Sweden. When it comes to the social secretary's investigation process, the results of the study show that all county to witch the interviews belongs have the same goal but are based on different working methods. Some common challenges for the social secretaries are a heavy workload, low resources and the loss of the clients trust in social services. An additional result shows that the study demonstrates the secretary's description of the investigation process in relation to the theoretical starting point. The system theory is essential for the social worker to gather important information from the individuals and organisations in the child’s local environment. While the attachment theory shows the child’s attachment relationship to the caregivers. Empowerment is used in the investigation process by motivating clients to regain power over their situation. 

Background: Compassion energy can contribute to nurses' conditions to provide patientswith meaningful care based on a compassionate approach. Nurses' empathy towards patients can mean a risk of compassion fatigue in nurses, which can impair patient safety. Nurses'responsibility over their own health is of great importance to minimize nurses' intention to leave work and to protect patients from care injury. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences of finding motivation in caring. Method: Systematic literature study according to Evans with a basis of ten different qualitative health science articles. Result: The result consisted of two themes, experiences of meaningfulness and experience sof a safe working environment. Experiences of meaningfulness yielded two subthemes,finding joy and being able to help. Experiences of a safe working environment released two subthemes, receiving emotional support from colleagues and having the opportunity for development. Conclusion: Nurses were motivated in caring by finding joy when acommunity was formed in the workplace and that joy facilitated difficult situations in caring. Being able to give help to another person in need of help was considered the basis for caring.Receiving emotional support from colleagues contributed to a sense of security in caregivingand having the opportunity for development gave the nurses a deeper understanding and facilitated different situation in care.

This qualitative vignette study aims to examine how social workers within social services assess honor-related violence directed towards women, and whether the ethnic background of the victim affects the assessment. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the interventions offered by social services for victims living in an honor context and whether they differ from interventions for intimate partner violence. Data collection was conducted through six semi-structured interviews with social workers from different municipalities, based on a vignette. The results are analyzed using previous research and theoretical frameworks such as intersectionality and systems theory. The study's findings indicate that all participants identified honor in the case description, regardless of whether the woman had a Swedish-sounding name or a Middle Eastern-sounding name. The participants argue that ethnicity should not be decisive in the assessment, but it needs to be taken into account to evaluate the severity of honor practices. The interventions offered for victims in an honor context include sheltered accommodation and counseling support. It is also evident that the interventions for honor-related violence and oppression do not differ from interventions for intimate partner violence. Finally, all participants believe that more research and specialized interventions are needed for honor-related violence and oppression.

Background: Person-centered caregiving aims to reorganize care with a different focus on the patient's experiences in purpose to give the patient more influence in their caretaking. The method has been shown to increase understanding between the caregiver and the patient. There are three core components of person-centred care; partnership, the patient's story and documentation. Purpose: The aim of this thesis was to describe nurses' experiences of working person-centred in hospital care. Method: A general literature review is conducted for this thesis where 10 scientific articles were chosen to be analyzed, of which seven are qualitative and three are quantitative. Results: The following themes was shown in the results of this thesis: the importance of participation, the importance of communication, the importance of communication in the care team, negative work environment and nurses' satisfaction. The teamwork and ability for dialogue between the professional groups also proved to be important for the development of person-centred caregiving as a method. Conclusion: Person-centred care was proved to be desirable according to the nurses' experiences. Existing legislation, regulations and the patients themselves requested the method. Although the nurses felt that the way of working was worth striving for, it was difficult to achieve and reliant on good working conditions. The nurses felt that they were dependent on both the organization and the patients to together create the best conditions for the method.

A work can be a risk or a protection factor and the demands it puts on the employee can have different consequences. Work environment includes both physical and psychosocial work environment, the physical part is about noise, ventilation and light. The psychosocial work environment is about social support, influence and demands. Work environment is an important pillar in public health because people spend a lot of time in their work. The purpose of this study is to describe the prison guards experience their work environment. The Demand-Control-Support-model have been used in this study as theoretical perspective.

To get the purpose answered, a qualitative method was done with a goal-directed selection where five prison guards were interviewed individually. All the interviews were semi-structured and recorded then transcribed, and afterwards analysed. The interview person who was interviewed are working in the same prison and have worked there for different amount of time.

The results showed that the interview persons felt that the management put a high pressure even if they are short of staff and nothing has changed even if the staff remarks it. The psychosocial work environment for the interview persons was that the work is psychologically stressful because of the high demands from the management and even the daily threat from the inmates. But the interview persons felt that collaboration among the colleagues is so good that the job satisfaction increase.

Keywords: Demand-Control-Support model, Prison guard, Qualitative method, Work environment.

Background: Stress can have both positive and negative effects on the human body. Prolonged stress without recovery can lead to public health issues. The use of social media is increasing among young people. Even lot of use of social media can lead to serious consequences. The stress-vulnerability model has been applied to this study as a theoretical framework.

Aim: The aim of the study was to study if there is a relationship between use of social media and stress among high school students. 

Method: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among high school students. Convenience selection was used, with a response rate of 100 precent among 105 respondents. Spearman's rho correlation was used to analyze the relationship. Three research questions were formulated to answer the purpose of the study.

Result: The majority of respondents use social media for at least three hours per day. Three out of four respondents experience daily stress. The study showed a weak positive correlation between social media use and stress.

Conclusion: The study showed that almost all respondents use social media. The majority spent more than three hours per day on social media. The study also revealed a weak positive significant associations between social media and stress.

Every individual ‍in Sweden should have the same right to work in everyday life, and that includes all individuals no matter what gender, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, disability, education, or social class the individual has. These aspects should not be convincing to then be excluded from working. Working is considered part of a human right and individuals who are outside the labor market should be included regardless of the aspect they receive that is considered prejudice in society. Recruiters are considered to have a big role of hiring people of various qualities which in turn promotes diversity in companies, hereafter recruiters were selected to be a focus area in the present study. The aim of the present study is to increase the understanding of how different recruiters in Sweden work to promote diversity when recruiting for companies. A qualitative method applying semi-structured interviews was used. Ten interviews were conducted, and the respondents worked as recruiters in different industries, with different years of experience and education. The collected material has been analysed through a manifest content analysis. The result shows that recruiters follow their gut feeling about the candidate, but mostly based on the qualities that the candidate possesses that are also in demand from the position applied for; however, it is not excluded that discrimination may occur during recruitment. The thesis concludes that society makes demands on how companies should adapt when it comes to underrepresented groups in society and recruiters want to meet the needs that exist with the right tools. Several of them recognize that discrimination exists in their respective fields of work: they suggest that hiring people of ethnic minorities is sometimes regarded as a risk taking, and they describe a prevalence of a fear of conflicts based on cultural differences. The interviewees underline that diversity work should continue to be an active topic in working life. 

Sekundär traumatisering är ett tillstånd som kan uppstå till följd av att arbeta med att lyssna på klienters berättelser om traumatiska upplevelser. Personen som drabbas av sekundär traumatisering kan uppleva många fysiska och psykiska svårigheter i sitt liv. Studiens syfte är att undersöka uppkomsten och erfarenheterna av sekundär traumatisering bland professionella och på så sätt bidrar till kunskap om detta fenomen inom socialt arbete. I studien tillämpas en kvalitativ metodologi med semistrukturerade intervjuer för att erhålla en fördjupad förståelse för sekundär traumatisering och för att ge utrymme för professionella att uttrycka sina erfarenheter. För att förstå hur professionella hanterar de känslor som följer av exponeringen för traumaberättelser och uppkomsten av sekundär traumatisering används teorier om KASAM (känsla av sammanhang), empowerment och copingstrategier som teoretiska perspektiv. Studien genomfördes i tre olika kommuner och inkluderade sex intervjuer med professionella som arbetar inom området våldsutsatta klienter. Resultaten från studien indikerar att professionella upplever besvärande känslor till följd av klienternas traumatiserande berättelser. Resultaten betonar även att bristen på reflektion i arbetsmiljön och hög arbetsbelastning kan anses vara orsaker till uppkomsten av sekundär traumatisering. Å andra sidan identifieras vilka copingstrategier som används av professionella för att hantera symtomen av sekundär traumatisering

Bakgrund: Som sjuksköterska är det mycket vanligt att bemöta anhöriga när en närstående har avlidit. Flera anhöriga känner sorg och chock efter dödsfallet, samt vittnar om bristande kunskap och kompetens om kommunikation och bemötandet hos vårdpersonalen. Flertalet anhöriga anser också att de blir dåligt bemötta av vårdpersonalen. Samtidigt har sjuksköterskor ett ansvar att ta hänsyn till de anhöriga enligt riktlinjer. Eftersom flera anhöriga vittnar om ett dåligt bemötande från vårdpersonalen verkar det vara värdefullt att få en djupare kunskap om hur sjuksköterskor bemöter anhöriga i samband med dödsfall. Syfte: Att skapa en översikt över sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bemöta anhöriga i samband med dödsfall. Metod: En litteraturöversikt bestående av elva artiklar. Åtta artiklar var kvalitativa, två var mixade och en var kvantitativ. Resultat: Artiklarnas syften, deltagare, datainsamlingsmetoder och resultat jämfördes. Det framkom tre olika teman genom analysen av artiklarnas resultat. Temana var, Att ha förutsättningar för att ge stöd till anhöriga vid dödsfall, Att ge stöd samt Att bilda relation med anhöriga. Slutsatser: Stödet till anhöriga ansågs delvis vara bristfälligt på grund av otillräcklig kompetens och utbildning hos sjuksköterskorna.

Nyckelord: anhöriga, bemötande, dödsfall, erfarenheter, litteraturöversikt, sjuksköterska

I dagens samhälle har sociala medier stort inflytande på människor. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur unga kvinnor upplever att deras mentala hälsa påverkas till följd av användning av sociala medier. Tio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med unga kvinnor mellan 20–35 år som är aktiva på Facebook och Instagram. Analysen visade på två centrala teman: positiva mentala effekter och negativa mentala effekter med subteman ökad stressnivå och beroendeframkallande. Deltagarna upplever att deras psykiska hälsa påverkas både positivt och negativt. Dock visar resultatet att det var övervägande negativt. Vilket är i linje med tidigare studier. Författarna resonerar att social gemenskap vid användning av sociala medier var en gemensam positiv faktor för deltagarna, medan minskad självkänsla var en gemensam negativ faktor. Vi kommer att diskutera resultat i enlighet med den sociokulturella teorin, då det diskuterades att sociala medier har en viktig roll gällande hur de påverkar unga kvinnors mentala hälsa utifrån samtida kultur.

Bakgrund: Vård i livets slutskede handlar om att lindra lidande och öka patientens välbefinnande under sista tid i livet. I sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde ingår det att lindra lidande, främja hälsa och att verka för ett fridfullt och värdigt avslut för patienter. Tidigare forskning visade att patienter uppskattade sjuksköterskors goda omhändertagande och bemötande. Det framkom att patienter erfor att den terminala sjukdomen omkullkastar livet och det uppstod en förlust av kontroll och självbild. Syfte: Syftet var att översiktligt beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter vid livets slutskede. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt tillämpades med sammanlagt elva vårdvetenskapliga artiklar, varav åtta var kvalitativa, två kvantitativa och en mixad metod. Resultat: Det identifierades fyra olika teman som besvarade sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede som var; Kommunikation och utmaningar i vårdandet, Sjuksköterskans behov av utbildning och kompetens, Betydelsen av ett tvärprofessionellt samarbete och slutligen Emotionell påfrestning. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor erfor att en god kommunikation var grunden för en högkvalitativ vård i livets slutskede. Dock uppstod det kommunikationsutmaningar när patienter och närstående hade olika mål för vården. För att erbjuda säker och god vård där patienters behov tillgodosågs erfor sjuksköterskor behov av specialiserade kunskaper och färdigheter inom palliativ vård.

Bakgrund: Ett av sjuksköterskors arbetsområden är att förebygga vårdsrelaterade infektioner [VRI]. VRI är en vårdskada som kan uppstå under sjukhusvistelse. VRI ökar i vården trots aktuella vårdteorier, lagar och riktlinjer. Tidigare forskning påvisar negativa faktorer som orsakar att patienter upplever att förebyggandet av VRI förhindras med ett vårdlidande till följd. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskor erfarenheter av att förebygga vårdrelaterade infektioner. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt baserad på 10 vårdvetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat:Examensarbetets resultat visade att sjuksköterskorna erfor att kunskap och basala hygienrutiner var en viktig del vid VRI och att sjuksköterskorna erfor att det fanns behov av utbildning. Sjuksköterskorna erfor att det fanns en brist på kommunikation mellan sjuksköterskor och patienter. Det framkom även att det fanns en tidsbrist på arbetsplatserna som förhindrade en god och säker vård. Slutsats: Genom att synliggöra sjuksköterskor erfarenheter av att förebygga VRI kan slutsatser dras om att sjuksköterskor är i behov av vidareutbildning inom VRI som bygger på att bredda kunskaper inom yrkesrollen så att patienter hyser tillit, tro och hopp till vården.

Bakgrund: Majoriteten av de patienter som skall genomgå anestesi uppvisar någon form av oro. Anestesisjuksköterskor ansvarar för att bemöta och lindra obehag samt lidande hos patienter i den preoperativa vården. Obehandlad oro orsakar onödigt lidande och kan leda till både kortsiktiga och långsiktiga konsekvenser för patienten såväl som samhället. Därför är det viktigt att anestesisjuksköterskor känner till strategier för att kunna bidraga till lindring hos patienter. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva strategier för att lindra oro hos patienter inför anestesi. Metod: Systematisk integrerad litteraturöversikt av 23 artiklar enligt Whittemore och Knafl. Resultat: Att skapa trygghet är en viktig och central del i hanteringen av preoperativ oro. Individuellt anpassad information var en förutsättning för att skapa trygghet. Andra strategier som förekom var fysisk beröring, avledning, läkemedel, alternativa behandlingar, ibland enskilt men även i kombination. Slutsats: Examensarbetet presenterar möjliga strategier för anestesisjuksköterskor att använda sig av i mötet med patienter som är oroliga inför anestesi. Resultatet rangordnar inte vilken strategi som fungerar bäst utan ger ett utbud av alternativ till lindring. Strategierna som presenteras kan användas var och en för sig eller kombineras för att uppnå önskat resultat. 

Inom det sociala arbetet jobbar yrkesutövare ständigt för att hjälpa samt stödja människor som är i behov av hjälp och stöd. Denna studie har sitt fokus på hur organisationen och arbetssituationen påverkar socialsekreterares arbete samt beslut. Studien har påvisat att dessa faktorer har en påverkan på socialsekreterares arbete samt beslut, vilket var de frågeställningar som vi sökte svar på. Socialsekreterare arbetar utifrån organisationens föreskrivna riktlinjer samt regelverk och dessa lagar samt regler begränsar socialsekreterares handlingsutrymme. Påverkan av arbetssituationen kan vara varierande periodvis då socialsekreterare kan uppleva en hög arbetsbelastning samt en hög personalomsättning som därmed kan bidra till en stressig arbetssituation. Denna studie är genomförd med hjälp av fem semistrukturerade intervjuer och deltagarna var fem verksamma myndighetsutövare. Vi har samlat in material och analyserat det genom teorierna, stressteorin samt gräsrotsbyråkratin och genom tidigare forskning. Studien påvisar att socialsekreterare upplever brister inom organisationen, då det framkom att arbetet präglas av en hög arbetsbelastning och att organisationen begränsar socialsekreterarnas arbete. Det framkom även att arbetsplatsen har en hög personalomsättning och stressig arbetssituation periodvis. Avslutningsvis diskuteras bristerna inom organisationen samt den svåra arbetssituationen som vidare kopplas till resultatet.

Bakgrund: Övervikt och fetma ökar risken för att drabbas av ohälsa och är en av de främsta orsakerna till sjukdom och förtidig död i Sverige. Gravida med övervikt eller fetma har ökat vid inskrivning till barnmorskemottagning. Det finns flertalet risker med att vara gravid och ha fetma både för den gravida och barnet. Barnmorskan har ett ansvar när det kommer till att informera om riskerna med fetma.

Syfte: Att beskriva överviktiga gravida kvinnors erfarenheter av bemötandet på barnmorskemottagning.

Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats. En webbenkät som besvarades av 36 gravida kvinnor med fetma. Enkätsvaren analyserades med innehållsanalys.

Resultat: Tre kategorier och nio subkategorier utgjorde resultatet. Barnmorskors förhållningssätt varierade. Erfarenheterna av bemötandet var varierat. Kvinnorna önskade bli sedda som mer än vikten. Vidare var fetma ett känsligt ämne att ta upp.

Slutsats: Ett behov av att bli sedd som alla andra framkom. Det ansågs även viktigt att barnmorskan inte bemötte den gravida på ett dömande sätt utan talade om fetma utan att lägga någon värdering vid ämnet. Erfarenheter av stigmatisering framkom. Barnmorskor behöver ytterligare kunskap för att kunna bemöta gravida kvinnor med fetma på ett bättre sätt.

Bakgrund: I Sverige insjuknar 20000–25000 människor i någon form av demenssjukdom varje år och ungefär lika många där. 150 000 personer lever idag med demenssjukdom i Sverige och av de bor cirka 60% i egen bostad. Demens är en sjukdom som inte drabbar den som är sjuk, utan de anhöriga i personens närhet också drabbas. Därför kallas det ibland de anhörigas sjukdom. Syftet: Att beskriva anhörigas erfarenheter av att leva nära en person med demenssjukdom. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt har utförts med hjälp av nio kvalitativa artiklar och en kvantitativ artikel. Resultat: Anhörigas erfarenheter delades i tre teman. Anhöriga beskriver hur de har valt att acceptera sin situation för att underlätta vården av sin anhörighet. Anhöriga tar också upp hur bristen på stöd och hjälp i samhället bidrar till att vårdbördan för anhörigvårdaren till slut blir så stor att en placering på ett boende är en sista utväg. Slutsats: Rätt stöd och hjälp till anhöriga från början är av stor betydelse för hur länge de ska orka försätta med vården av sin anhörighet i det egna hemmet. De anhöriga sparar stora summor pengar åt samhället varje år samtidigt som de minskar sina anhörigas lidande.

Physical activity is a fundamental factor in maintaining and improving health, by reducing non-communicable diseases and improving balance, strength and fitness. Physical inactivity is a common problem affecting many older people. To prevent physical inactivity, there are various opportunities offered by society wherever older people are and one of these settings is the nursing home. This study focuses primarily on physical activity as a determinant of health and the opportunities available to be physically active.  The purpose of this study is to explore older people's perceptions of physical activity and opportunities to engage in it. The study is based on a qualitative data collection through a semi-structured interview. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and seven older people from a nursing home participated in the study. The data collected from the participants' perceptions were analyzed through a qualitative manifest content analysis.  The results showed that older people have different perceptions of physical activity from walking to gym training, based on the opportunities provided by the nursing home to maintain physical health. The study concluded that most of the elderly people were physically active based on the health promotion work that the nursing home is based on. 

Sistaårsstudenter som lämnar högskola/universitet och ska ut i arbetslivet ställs inför tuffa utmaningar. Syftet med studien var att undersöka beteendevetenskapliga sistaårsstudenters förväntningar inför arbetslivet och deras möjligheter att använda kunskapen från utbildningen i praktiken. Semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med 10 sistaårsstudenter inom beteendevetenskap på ett svenskt lärosäte. Intervjuerna tematiserades och 5 teman framkom varav 3 teman beskrev förväntningarna på arbetslivet och 2 teman beskrev vad studenterna tar med för kunskap ut i arbetslivet. Tidigare forskning visade att studenter känner ångest angående den osäkra arbetsmarknaden och sin anställningsbarhet. Resultatet från vår studie visade att deltagarna kände oro inför framtiden och vad som väntar dem efter examen. Beteendevetarna var i huvudsak oroliga för att inte få arbete efter avslutade studier. Resultatet visade även att deltagarna kommer ta med sig personlig utveckling och ett nytt tankesätt från sina utbildningar. Studien kan bidra med en större förståelse för lärare och lärosäten om utvecklingsmöjligheter för beteendevetenskapliga kurser och program.

Background: Participation in healthcare is important, it’s written in laws. Previous research indicates that healthcare professionals and patients do not have the same view of the concept of participation. Highlighting the patient’s lived experiences of participation in child and adolescent psychiatry makes it visible what participation means for the patient. It can help to increase the knowledge of healthcare professionals and improve the care for patients. Aim: The purpose of the study is to describe what young adults experienced as participation during the period they themselves have been patients in child and adolescent psychiatry. Method: A qualitative design with inductive approach. Appropriate selection with 8 participants in the ages 18-20. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The result is written in four categories: to be confirmed, to get space, to understand oneself, to understand the context, these categories also received subcategories. The categories and subcategories formed a theme: to get support to grow. Conclusion: The concept of participation has many meanings. Being confirmed in the situation you are in and feeling confident becomes important in the relationship with the healthcare professional. A secure relationship promotes the patient’s participation in healthcare.

Shortage and turnover of registered nurses are worldwide challenges, and work motivation is one factor in retaining staff in the healthcare sector. The aim of this study was to explore registered nurses' motivation expressed in daily communication, using the basic needs in self‐determination theory as a framework. A secondary analysis of ethnographic data, collected through participant observations, informal interviews during observations, and individual interviews, was used. A total sample of all registered nurses employed at a hospital unit in Sweden (n = 10) participated. The data were analyzed thematically through the lens of the basic needs in self‐determination theory: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Self‐regulation of learning, the possibilities to discuss work‐related challenges with colleagues, and having registered nurses lead dialogues with physicians were factors connected to autonomy. Having a registered nurse and physician solve problems together was a factor connected to competence. A sense of belonging and security in a permissive climate between registered nurses was connected to relatedness. This paper has implications for increased awareness of the three basic motivational needs, which could be used in the development of attractive workplaces.

In this study, we map and describe the coping methods used by members of the university community in Sweden to deal with the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. This study, which used simple random sampling, was quantitative. It employed a modified version of the RCOPE instrument as well as items from earlier studies of meaning-making coping in Sweden. Among participants (n = 277, 64% women), the most frequently used coping method was nature as a resource in dealing with stress and sadness, followed by listening to the sounds of surrounding nature and thinking of life as part of a greater whole; these coping methods were the most common in all subgroups studied. We used a cultural perspective to better understand the application of certain meaning-making coping methods.

Youth crime is something that has tended to become increasingly common in today's society, not least in Eskilstuna municipality, where the crimes have become increasingly serious. In order to be able to work in crime prevention, interprofessional cooperation is something that has become a matter of course where several actors have a joint responsibility. The purpose of this study is to create a deeper understanding of the local crime prevention work against youth crime in Eskilstuna municipality between social services, school and police. This is done by describing and analyzing cross-professional cooperation within the framework of the municipality's newly started initiative Safe young people with a focus on the initiative's organization and how the actors work in crime prevention. In order to answer the study's purpose and questions, a qualitative method has been used where six semi-structured interviews were conducted with various representatives from the municipality, social services, school and police. The results of the study show that there are both successes and challenges with cross-professional collaboration, the results also show how important it is to have joint governance, structure and consensus in a collaboration process. The study's results have then been analyzed in a thematic analysis based on previous research and theoretical starting points that are woven together in a final discussion. 

Keywords: crime prevention, young people, exclusion, interprofessional collaboration, youth crime, network, community, social work

Background The goal of palliative care is to alleviate suffering, promote well-being and give patients an increased quality of life. The nurse has the overall responsibility to ensure that these parts are being followed. Previous research sheds light on patients’ and relatives’ experiences of palliative care, where a lot of deficiencies appears. Aim To describe nurses’ experiences of palliative care. Method Literature study with descriptive synthesis. Results The analysis revealed three themes and eight subthemes. The first theme, To experience emotional commitment, generated subthemes Meaning in the profession and Personal influence. The second theme, Obstacles to good palliative care, generated subthemes Lack of knowledge and the feeling of inadequacy and Deficiencies in the nursing work. The third theme, Opportunities for good palliative care, generated subthemesKnowledge in nursing, Collaboration in the nursing team and Supportive communication. Conclusion Nurses experienced obstacles in palliative care due to a lack of training in palliative care and a lack of communication with patients and their relatives. There was also a shortage of nurses, which led to a feeling of inadequacy in the profession. Patients and relatives considered that the nurses were caring and that the care was good, but also noticed shortcomings in communication and that the lack of time reduced the quality of care.

Bakgrund: Under den verksamhetsförlagda utbildningen (VFU) ska sjuksköterskestudenter lära sig att vårda med stöd av sin handledare. Inom samtliga vårdverksamheter sker möten mellan patienter och sjuksköterskestudenter och under denna tid förväntas studenter erbjuda patienter god vård. Patienters upplevelser av att vårdas av sjuksköterskestudenter är av betydelse för att belysa aspekter som är viktiga för vårdandet utifrån patienters perspektiv. Genom att belysa dessa aspekter kan området studeras och bidra till främjandet av en god vård. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att vårdas av sjuksköterskestudenter. Metod: Kvalitativ systematisk litteraturstudie med tillämpning av beskrivande syntes av 10 artiklar. Resultat: Två teman identifierades; Det trygga vårdandet samt Att skapa en ömsesidig vårdrelation, med sammanlagt fyra tillhörande subteman. Slutsats: Patienter upplever både positiva och negativa upplevelser av att bli vårdade av sjuksköterskestudenter, dock övervägande positiva. Positivt för patienters välbefinnande är när sjuksköterskestudenter bidrar med trygghet och genuin vilja att lära känna patienter, vilket vidare skapar förutsättningar för vårdrelationer och kunskapsutbyten. Negativa upplevelser kan kopplas till otrygghet och brist i kommunikation vilket bidrar till känslor av oro, rädsla och otrygghet. Patienters upplevelser speglar det lagar, styrdokument och vårdvetenskaplig forskning redogör för som god vård. 

Background: Dementia is a common widespread disease, which is characterized by cognitive impairment due to damage to the brain. The disease cannot be remedied, and the treatment consists of relieving the symptoms and nursing care actions. Previous research has shown that sleep disruption frequently occurs in persons with dementia and can affect other aspects such as quality of life, physical and mental health. Sleep is a central component for physically and mental regaining, as well as recovery, and falls within the remit of the nursing profession. There is evidence supporting that sleep disruption has an impact in persons with dementia, which further gives opportunity to more closely investigate the meaning of nursing care actions, not including drug treatment. Aim: The aim is to describe the meaning of nursing care actions on sleep in persons with dementia living in nursing homes. Method: A literature review which included 12 articles, of which 11 had a quantitative method and 1 qualitative method. Results: Several nursing care actions had impact on sleep, related to three themes of sleep: The meaning of nursing care actions for (1) sleep quality, (2) sleep measured by time and (3) decreased nightly activity and increased daily awakeness. Conclusion: A number of nursing care actions showed a positive meaning for multiple aspects of sleep. Although there is still a need for further research, in order to ensure enough evidence to ascertain a general conclusion; for the impact of nursing care actions on sleep in persons with dementia.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the world's leading public health challenges. One-third of AD cases are attributable to modifiable vascular and lifestyle related risk factors. The Multimodal Preventive Trial for Alzheimer's Disease, MINDADMINI a 6-month multinational parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT), targeted persons with prodromal AD and built on the positive outcomes from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) trial. The intervention consisted of four main components of (i) physical exercise training program, (ii) nutrition guidance, (iii) cognitive training, and (iv) social stimulation, as well as (iv) monitoring of metabolic/vascular risk factors.

Aim: The study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of participation in MINDADMINI among persons with prodromal AD.

Methods: This qualitative study was part of the larger MIND-ADMINI project. Eight participants were interviewed twice, before and after the intervention. The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results: The results are presented as categories of (i) knowledge of AD and prevention, (ii) motives for study participation, (iii) experiences of the received information about the study, (iv) taking the decision to participate, (v) expectations on study participation, (vi) experiences of study participation and (vii) internal and external factors influencing study participation.

Conclusion: The MIND-ADMINI was well-tolerated by the participants. At the beginning of the study, the number of tasks and visits was perceived as burdensome but was later well tolerated. The participant' knowledge about AD and prevention increased during the trial. Their motives for participating in MIND-ADMINI were described as both altruistic and self beneficial. Health benefits from the study components, access to specialized medical care were identified as benefits. Managing the intensive flow of information was described a major challenge. The participants' needs for personalized support during the trial stress the importance of applying a person-centered approach providing the preventive trials.

Dubbel kulturtillhörighet kan vara både positivt och negativt. Tidigare forskning visade att tillhörighetskänslan är grundläggande för ens identitesskapande. Undersökningens syfte var att öka förståelsen för hur kvinnor upplever att deras identitet påverkas av att växa upp med föräldrar från två skilda kulturer - en svensk och en utländsk - och vilka kulturella skillnader man behövt hantera under uppväxten. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 13 kvinnor i åldrarna 18-30. Analysen av identitetspåverkan genererade teman som att hamna i utan- eller mellanförskap, att anpassa sig utifrån omgivning och kontext och möjlighet till ökad förståelse och brett perspektiv. Kulturella skillnader kunde tematiseras som normer och värderingar, individualism vs. kollektivism, och krav och förväntningar. Resultatet visade bland annat på ett upplevt utan- eller mellanförskap, men även en ökad förståelse. Slutsatsen var att unga kvinnors identitet påverkades av att växa upp med två skilda kulturer med grund i flera olika aspekter som värderingar, krav och förväntningar.

Bakgrund: En åldrande befolkning innebär ökat antal personer med demenssjukdomar. Det är av stor vikt att sjuksköterskor har tillräcklig kompetens för att ge god vård i vårdandet av personer med demens. Att leva med demenssjukdom är en komplex situation och att drabbas av kognitiv svikt innebär ofta att med tiden bli beroende av någon form av vård för att klara vardagen. Tidigare forskning redogör för olika vårdupplevelser hos personer med demens och anhöriga samt hur sjuksköterskor kan påverka dessa. Syfte: Beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda personer med demens. Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad på 10 vårdvetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Två identifierade teman, ”hinder för vårdande” och ”möjligheter för vårdande”. Resultat visade att resurser, kunskap och utbildning var bristfällig. Vikten av att se personen bakom sjukdomen och behovet av att individualisera vården. Samt att se anhöriga och miljöns betydelse i vårdandet. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplever brister i vården för personer med demens. Dessa relateras till bristfälliga resurser och otillräcklig kunskap. Relationen mellan sjuksköterskorna och personer med demens ska värdesättas, miljön ska vara lugn och att den upplevda relationen med anhöriga bidrar till vårdandet.

Background: The caring relationship requires mutuality where both the nurse and the patient are involved in the relationship. The nurse needs to be insightsful and have understanding of what it requires to create a good carerelationship in order to care for the patient in the best possible way. Problem: The relationship betweeen the patient and nurse can influence the patient's experience of health, well-being and recovery. There’s a problem that can arise when the care relationship between both parties is not concidered good due to, for example, lack of communication between the parties. Aim: To describe experiences of the care relationship between nurse and patient from the nurse’s perspective. Method: A litterature review consisting of twelve articles, all of which are qualitative. Results: The nurses described that there are various factors that can either hinder the care relationship or that can contribute to the care relationship. The hindering factors are lack of time, stress and lack of knowledge. The factors that can contribute to a good care relationship are personcentered care, the nurse’s presence and various strategies that the nurses have. Conclusion: The nurses have the knowledge that requires to be able to establish a good care relationship. However, there are several different factors that prevent nurses from establish this relationship, for instance lack of time and stress.

Background: Providing person-centered care is part of the nurse's area of ​​competence and, together with the essential purpose for alleviating suffering, compassion arises as a natural response. Compassion emerges both as an ethical approach and as a loving atmosphere, which brings the nurses meaningfulness to their profession. Patients have a need to meet nurses with empathy and compassion in care, of which the compassion fatigue in nurses has negative effect on patients. Problem: When the nurses develop compassion fatigue, leads to the inner energy being drained without the capacity to be restored. The side effect is somatic and psychiatric disorders in the nurses. In order to produce preventive measures or improve working conditions for nurses, it is necessary to produce an overview of the risk factors. 

Aim: The aim was to create an overview of the nurse’s risks of developing compassion fatigue. Method: A general literature review was performed according to Friberg's method where 11 articles were analyzed. Results: Three themes were generated as the result for the nurse's risks of developing compassion fatigue: empathic disharmony, work-related risk factors and dysfunctional thought and action patterns. Conclusion: The nurses has both controllable and non-controllable risks to compassion fatigue. The empathic risks and internal factors are risks that the nurse herself can influence and should therefore focus on. The non-controllable risk factor can be used by the nurses for risk analysis and given to the responsible manager.

Keywords: compassion, empathy, fatigue, literature review, risk factors

Background: The objective of palliative care is to alleviate the physical, mental, and social suffering of a patient and to promote the quality of till patients die. The main task of a nurse is to provide nursing, that is totally based on the patients’ needs and wishes. To conduct person- centered care, nurses need to establish a functional caring relationship with both patients and family members. In palliative care, it is particularly important to show respect for relatives because relatives are affected as much as the patient. Aim: To describe nurses' experiences of caring for patients in a palliative phase. Method: A general literature review according to Friberg. Eight qualitative and two quantitative articles were analyzed. Results: three themes were identified and discussed on nurses’ experience in palliative care. These themes are the importance of communication, the importance of knowledge and experience and the importance of individual care for the unique person. Conclusion: Nurses needs knowledge and experience in palliative care, as well as competence in dealing with emotional suffering and emotional support.

Bakgrund: Personer med psykossjukdom löper risk att drabbas av somatiska sjukdomar och risktillstånd och har rätt till stöd för att utöva fysisk aktivitet på ett sätt som bidrar till hälsa. Trots att forskning visar på fördelarna med fysisk aktivitet, vad som bidrar till motivation och hur fysisk aktivitet vidmakthålls, har sjuksköterskor klinisk erfarenhet av att det är svårt att stötta personer med psykossjukdom till fysisk aktivitet. Syfte: Att belysa personer med psykossjukdoms levda erfarenheter av fysisk aktivitet. Metod: En kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats användes. Datainsamlingen utfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Data analyserades med hjälp av fenomenologisk hermeneutisk metod. Resultat: Personer med psykossjukdoms levda erfarenheter av fysisk aktivitet kan metaforiskt beskrivas som att välja att röra sig mot framtiden genom att ge livet ny mening, att rota sig för att kunna växa och att hitta sig själv. Slutsatser: Fysisk aktivitet kan bidra till att stärka de förmågor som gått förlorade under sjukdomens förlopp samt har potential att förverkliga bandet till personens historia och skapa rörelse mot framtiden, vilket är viktigt för känslan av identitet och utövandet av en fri vilja.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the experience of work-related stress among socialworkers in financial assistance, how stress affects their well-being and how they handle stressat work. The study was based on a qualitative research method and semi-structuredinterviews were conducted with five social workers working within the same area in themiddle of Sweden. For this study, two theories have been applied, which are KASAM andCoping theory. The results of this study indicate that a large amount of work tasks, a highnumber of cases and a shortage of staff are contributing factors to the experience of stresswithin the organization. Furthermore, the study shows that help and support fromcolleagues and team leaders is seen as a strong resource that reduces the negative impact ofwork-related stress. According to the results of the study, stress can be managed by the socialworker receiving support in the form of extra staff in the event of unplanned absence,planning working days in advance, prioritizing work tasks, and having the opportunity torelax during calmer periods. Furthermore, the results show that taking several shorterbreaks, walking during the break and ending the working day earlier are seen as good stressmanagement strategies. After-work activities such as exercising, relaxing, reading a book,and watching movies were also considered important strategies for coping with work-relatedstress.

Keywords: Social workers, work-related stress, coping strategies, mental and physical well-being.

The purpose of this study was to gain increased knowledge and understanding of upper secondary school students' experiences and views on mental illness and whether gender norms affect their ability to seek help. To achieve the purpose of the study, a qualitative research method has been used and six semi-structured interviews with upper secondary school students in Sweden were held. The interviews have been presented, interpreted, and analyzed in relation to previous research and with the help of gender theory and the salutogenic theory. The results of the study have shown that the interviewees viewed mental illness as something negative, which can lead to negative consequences. Contributing factors to mental illness were associated with, for example poor mentality, impaired well-being, and school stress. The interviewees felt that gender roles and norms affect their way of dealing with mental illness. The results have also shown that interviewees experienced that gender roles and norms affect their way of speaking and dealing with mental illness.

The Swedish preschool curriculum stipulates that all children independent of support needs should attend mainstream preschool groups, with equal opportunities for learning and engagement. Preschool teachers are responsible for paying attention to children in need of special support to achieve this. How support is provided for children in need of special support due to behavior difficulties in Swedish preschools varies, however. Some children, often formally identified as in need of special support, are supported by preschool staff supervised by external services. Other children receive support initiated and implemented by preschool staff, without supervision from external services. A further number of children receive no support for behavior difficulties, on top of what is provided to all children. This study investigated associations between support format (i.e., supervised support, staff-initiated support, or no additional support), support content (i.e., implementation of support), behavior difficulties, socio-demographics and engagement. A mixed methods approach was used with a sample of 232 preschool children 15–71 months with assessed behavior difficulties. Preschool staff reported on the children's engagement, behavior difficulties, socio-demographics, and support provision. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the probability of children receiving either support format. Content analysis was used to categorize the support content, reported by preschool staff through open-ended questions. Point-biserial correlations were used to test associations between support content, behavior, socio-demographics and engagement. All children receiving supervised support for behavior difficulties were formally identified by external services as in need of special support. Supervised support was also more common if children disturbed the free play in the preschool group, with the most frequent support being collaboration with external teams. Staff-initiated support was most commonly given to children with high engagement, and for children who are not early second language learners. These children were most frequently supported by staff paying attention to negative behavior. Children who were not perceived as a burden to the group were less likely to receive any form of additional support. Ways of managing the preschool group seem to guide support strategies for children with behavior difficulties, rather than child-focused strategies emphasizing engagement in everyday activities.

abstract

This study concerns how social workers perceive the concept of honor-related violence and oppression, and how they relate to that in their work. The study focuses on highlighting the social workers’ definition of honor-related violence and oppression, and the possibilities and challenges that they encounter in their work. To answer the study’s main questions, interviews were conducted with 6 social workers. The results of the study show that the social workers have varying definitions of honor-related violence and oppression. However, they all agree that it is closely related to honor, culture and patriarchal views. Social workers experience many challenges in their work with honor-related violence and oppression. The study’s results highlight that social workers find it difficult to reach people exposed to such violence and provide the needed support. Moreover, the victims of honor-related violence come from families with a collective mentality and they find it hard to make their own decisions and ask for help. The study indicates that a broader and clearer definition of honor-related violence and oppression is needed. Apart from that, the social services need to offer more information about how they can support or help people that have been victims of honor-related violence and oppression. 

Syftet med denna studie är att fånga yrkesverksammas upplevelser och erfarenheter i arbetet med hedersutsatta personer. Studien fokuserar även på de utmaningar och svårigheter som yrkesverksamma socialarbetare och dess organisation ställs inför i handläggningen av hedersrelaterat våld (HRV). Forskningsansatsen som har tillämpats för studiens syfte, är en kvalitativ forskningsmetod vilket resultatet har inhämtats utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer från tre yrkesverksamma socialarbetare som arbetar inom socialtjänsten i två mellanstora kommuner. Resultatet har också analyserats med hänsyn till vad tidigare forskning och teorier genererat kring ämnet. Studiens resultat visar att det råder skillnader hos yrkesverksamma i frågan om grundläggande kunskap och kännedom om andra kulturers normer och värderingar när det gäller hedersproblematiken. Detta kan möjligtvis vara en bidragande orsak till den motvilja, återhållsamhet och rädsla som finns hos yrkesverksamma att hantera och handlägga hedersärenden. Samtidigt som okunskap och avsaknad av organisatoriskt ledningsstöd och lagstöd försvårar det förebyggande arbetet och hanteringen av HRV.

Slutsatserna som kan dras av studie är att det råder en ambivalens och kunskapsbrist hos de yrkesverksamma socialarbetarna gällande HRV, samt att det finns motvilja hos de yrkesverksamma att handlägga HRV-ärenden. Organisatoriskt visar studien på att det finns en otydlighet i hur olika institutioner hanterar HRV. Studien kan ligga till grund för framtida forskning gällande klientperspektiv med en kvalitativ forskningsansats.

Nyckelord: heder, hedersvåld, hedersproblematik, hedersvåldrelaterat våld