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  • 1.
    Alberto Jaén Ortega, A.
    et al.
    Research Group Design, Manufacturing & Materials (DM+M), Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama City, Panama; Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan, Belgium.
    De Los Angeles Ortega Del Rosario, M.
    Research Group Design, Manufacturing & Materials (DM+M), Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama City, Panama; Centro de Estudios Multidisciplinarios en Ciencia, Ingeniería y Tecnología (CEMCIT-AIP), Panama City, Panama; Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), Clayton Panama City, Panama.
    Hellström, Per Anders Rickard
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Åstrand, Elaine
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ekström, Mikael
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Design of a Bioinspired Robotic Finger: A Case Study on Conceptual Development for Robotic Hand Applications2024Ingår i: Proceedings of the LACCEI international Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology, Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions , 2024Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Human hands and fingers have been widely studied in different fields, such as animation, biomechanics, ergonomics, rehabilitation, medicine, and robotics. However, since the hands are a highly complex part of the human body capable of developing precise tasks, replicating human hand mechanisms remains challenging and, thus, continues to be an active area. This study focuses on a bioinspired mechanically equivalent finger model. A parametric model was proposed based on the typical architecture of a human finger, allowing adaptation to different anthropometries. A forward kinematic model assesses each phalanx's range of motion (ROM) during flexion-extension and abduction-adduction. A CAD modeling technique based on fused filament fabrication (FFF) is used for easy fabrication, requiring no assembly. The resulting model achieves the desired ROM, offering a simple solution for hand modeling. This bioinspired model aids in training hand exoskeleton robots, accurately mimicking human finger mechanics for various applications, including rehabilitation and prosthetics. This model helps understand complex hand mechanisms and holds potential for robotics and related fields.

  • 2.
    Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Implementation and Calibration of Force Sensing Resistors in Insoles2017Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Many researchers have built pedobarography measurement systems [1]. Pedobarography, the study of forces interacting between the plantar surface of the feet and a supporting surface, can be used in many applications. Examples are analysis of gait and posture in for example orthotics design and monitoring of rehabilitation. Force sensing resistors (FSR) measure approximately the ground reaction force which is the force acting on the foot from the insole. Low sensor height, high linearity and good durability are three important sensor properties. FSRs are down to 0.2mm thick but can be non-linear and they can break easily if implemented wrongly. How can the FSRs be implemented in insoles and calibrated to overcome these sensor type shortcomings?

    Implementation

    Discrete FSRs are often placed at the heel, inside and outside of the metatarsal pad and the big toe pad. It is vital to protect the boundary of the active sensor area. If the boundary is exposed to too much mechanical strain it will rapidly break down. This is because the upper and lower layers of the sensor get short-circuited. First the sensor will show intermittent maximum values and later stop working at all. One solution is to remove insole material right under the sensor boundary to relieve it from mechanical strain [2].

    Calibration

    The FSR manufacturers recommend using at least four different loads for the calibration and be aware that static load makes the sensor drift over time. It is important to choose a similar calibration procedure as the application it will be used for, e.g. dynamic calibration if the application is measurement while walking. A load cell should be used for calibrating the FSR. Linear or exponential regression are not recommended. Three or fourth power polynomials have shown to produce acceptable errors [3].

    Discussion

    FSRs have two less than ideal properties regarding linearity and durability. The lifetime of the sensor can be increased by taking special care of not exposing the active sensor area boundary to mechnical stress. Calibration should be done dynamically if the application is e.g. measurment while walking. Three power, or higher, polynomials are recomended for the regression.

    References

    • [1] N. Hegde, et al., A Comparative Review of Footwear-Based Wearable Systems. Electronics 5(3), (2016).
    • [2] P. A. R. Hellström, Wireless Wearable Measurement System Based on Pedobarography for Monitoring of Health. Lic. Thes., (2016).
    • [3] J. M. Brimacombe, et al., Effect of calibration method on Tekscan sensor accuracy. J. Biomech. Eng. 131(3), (2009).
  • 3.
    Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Carlén Eriksson, Lennie
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Scharff Willners, Jonatan
    Folke, Mia
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ekström, Martin
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Intelligent Wireless Body Area Network System for Human Motion Analysis2015Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Human motion analysis provides several important applications. Examples are fall risk assessment, sports biomechanics, physical activity monitoring and rehabilitation. This work in progress paper proposes an intelligent wireless body area network system for motion and gait symmetry analysis. A Bluetooth network with accelerometers, gyroscopes and in-shoe force sensing resistors gathers data and sends it to a web server after intelligent pre-processing and filtering. The system is flexible and adaptable for different use cases including combinations of gait analysis, gait symmetry and pressure measurements between foot and shoe.

  • 4.
    Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Folke, Mia
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Carried Weight Affects Walking Speed Monitoring with the IngVaL System2019Ingår i: The Sixteenth International Conference on Wearable Micro and Nano Technologies for Personalized Health, pHealth 2019, June 10-12, Studies in health technology and informatics, volume 261, pages 317-320, 2019 / [ed] Bernd Blobel, Mauro Giacomini, Nieuwe Hemweg 6B 1013 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands: NLM (Medline) , 2019, Vol. 261, s. 317-320Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Earlier work has shown that the IngVaL pedobarography system can estimate walking speed during indoor walking using only three forefoot sensors. The aim of this study was to examine if monitoring of walking speed using data from these three forefoot sensors is affected of the weight a person carries, if the person performs a walk in a set speed on the treadmill. Shoe insoles with force sensing resistors were connected to an electronic unit for signal conditioning and sampling and then the data was sent via Bluetooth to a tablet. Fifteen test persons walked five times each carrying five different weights on the treadmill at 1 m/s. The force-time integrals for the sum of the three forefoot sensors were calculated. This study shows that the force-time integrals for the three forefoot sensors shows a linear relationship with the carried weight as long as the person is not fatigued.

  • 5.
    Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Folke, Mia
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Monitoring of Carried Weight During Walk Using a Wearable Pedobarography System2019Ingår i: The Fifth International Conference on Smart Portable, Wearable, Implantable and Disability-oriented Devices and Systems, SPWID 2019, July 28-August 2, pages 5-8, 2019 / [ed] Jaime Lloret, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain, IARIA, PO Box 7827, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA: International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA), 2019, s. 5-8Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Personal health monitoring is advantageous in heavy work environments to reduce the risk of wear and tear and acute injuries. The study of forces between the plantar surface of the foot and a supporting structure, pedobarography, is a  promising candidate for monitoring carried weight during walk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost effective pedobarography measurement system, IngVaL. Two aspects are evaluated, namely, how well IngVaL can monitor carried weight during walk and if the novel implementation increased the durability. Fifteen test persons made five treadmill walks with a carried weight of 10, 20, 0, 15, and 5 kg. The equipoise analysis method was used. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for estimation of the carried weight was 13.8 kg. A study with the earlier version of the measurement system had a RMSE of 23.3 kg. The earlier system, as well as commercial systems using this kind of sensors, have problems with sensor durability. The new sensor implementation, where the active sensor area boundary was no longer affected by mechanical stress, resulted in no broken sensors. This study shows an increased performance of carried weight estimation compared with earlier work, together with an improved sensor durability.

  • 6.
    Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Folke, Mia
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Novel Weight Estimation Analyses and the Development of the Wearable IngVaL System for Monitoring of Health Related Walk Parameters2020Ingår i: International Journal on Advances in Life Sciences, E-ISSN 1942-2660, Vol. 12, nr 1/2, s. 16-23Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The total amount of lifted weights and lift frequency are moderate to strong risk factors for lower back pain. Measurement of carried weight is thereby of interest. The aim of this paper is to (1) present three novel analyses methods for estimation of weight during walk and (2) to describe the design process of the cost-effective research system IngVaL based on pedobarography. The paper will also (3) present the durability of the sensors. Motivations for choices in the system design are given for hardware, selection of sensor type, sensor implementation and calibration of sensors. To measure weight during walk with IngVaL, fifteen test persons made five walks each with a pseudo-random added extra weight. Three analyses methods were tested, for estimation of weight while walking, resulting in Root Mean Square Errors of 11.3 kg, 7.1 kg and 6.1 kg respectively. The durability of the sensors were tested in an outdoors walking condition. It can be concluded that the IngVaL system shows good durability and that weight during walk is possible to measure with simple analyses methods.

  • 7.
    Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Folke, Mia
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ekström, Martin
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Wearable Weight Estimation System2015Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science, vol. 64, 2015, Vol. 64, s. 146-152Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Heavy working conditions, as well as sedentary behaviour, are risk factors for health. There is a lack of wearable measurement systems for monitoring carried loads while walking. Pedobarography, the study of force fields acting between the plantar surface of the foot and a supporting surface, is supposed to be useable for estimating carried loads. Purpose. The aim of this paper is to present a novel method for selecting appropriate measurement samples for weight estimation of carried load during walk and a wearable system, based on pedobarography, consisting of commercial off the shelf components. The main idea is to choose samples when half of the total weight is on the forward sensors and the other half is on the heel sensor “equipoise” in one foot while the other foot not touches the ground. Methods. The system consists of insoles with force sensing resistors, data acquisition with IOIO-OTG and analysis in Excel. Each subject was weighed on an electronic floor scale. Three walks were performed on level ground. The first walk without any added load and then with two increases of carried load. Equipoise was defined as having half the weight distributed on the heel and the other half over the metatarsal pad. An equipoise value of 0.5 represents equilibrium regarding the weight distribution on one foot, with the other foot in the air. Samples were chosen in the equipoise region of 0.5±0.1 and then the average of the samples collected during one minute estimated the total weight. Results. The system can detect increases in carried loads but has a tendency to overestimate them. The estimated value was always larger with increased weight but the system was not always linear. The average overestimation error was 16.7 kg. Discussion. This study shows that this type of wearable system is usable for estimating carried load during walk after calibration of the system to the body weight force distribution on the sensors. There is still need for future development to obtain real-time analysis and direct feedback. A smaller and lighter measurement system is also desirable. Conclusion. This study shows that the novel method, equipoise, is usable for selecting appropriate measurement samples for weight estimation of carried load during walk. This study also shows that the wearable system, consisting of commercial off the shelf components, can be used for these measurements. However, there is a tendency to overestimate the loads.

  • 8.
    Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Åkerberg, Anna
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ekström, Martin
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Folke, Mia
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Evaluation of the IngVaL Pedobarography System for Monitoring of Walking Speed2018Ingår i: Healthcare Informatics Research, ISSN 2093-3681, E-ISSN 2093-369X, ISSN 2093-3681, Vol. 24, nr 2, s. 118-124Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives

    Walking speed is an important component of movement and is a predictor of health in the elderly. Pedobarography, the study of forces acting between the plantar surface of the foot and a supporting surface, is an approach to estimating walking speed even when no global positioning system signal is available. The developed portable system, Identifying Velocity and Load (IngVaL), is a cost effective alternative to commercially available pedobarography systems because it only uses three force sensing resistors. In this study, the IngVaL system was evaluated. The three variables investigated in this study were the sensor durability, the proportion of analyzable steps, and the linearity between the system output and the walking speed.

    Methods

    Data was collected from 40 participants, each of whom performed five walks at five different self-paced walking speeds. The linearity between the walking speed and step frequency measured with R2 values was compared for the walking speed obtained ‘A’ only using amplitude data from the force sensors, ‘B’ that obtained only using the step frequency, and ‘C’ that obtained by combining amplitude data for each of the 40 test participants.

    Results

    Improvement of the wireless data transmission increased the percentage of analyzable steps from 83.1% measured with a prototype to 96.6% for IngVaL. The linearity comparison showed that the methods A, B, and C were accurate for 2, 15, and 23 participants, respectively.

    Conclusions

    Increased sensor durability and a higher percentage of analyzed steps indicates that IngVaL is an improvement over the prototype system. The combined strategy of amplitude and step frequency was confirmed as the most accurate method.

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  • 9.
    Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Åkerberg, Anna
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ekström, Martin
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Folke, Mia
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Walking Intensity Estimation with a Portable Pedobarography System2016Ingår i: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, IOS Press , 2016, Vol. 224, s. 27-32Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the possibility to find a correlation between the output from a portable pedobarography system and the walking intensity expressed as walking speed. The system uses shoe insoles with force sensing resistors and wireless transmission of the data via Bluetooth. The force-time integral, at the toe-off phase of the step, for the force sensors in the forward part of the right foot was used to measure impulse data for 10 subjects performing walks in three different walking speeds. This data was then corrected by multiplication with the step frequency. This pilot study indicates that the portable pedobarography system output shows a linear relationship with the walking intensity expressed as walking speed on an individual level.

  • 10.
    Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Åkerberg, Anna
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Folke, Mia
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Posture Sensor as Feedback when Lifting Weights2015Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    When lifting a package or during strength training, right posture of the back is important to avoid back pain. Different sensor solutions to measure posture of the back are presented in research articles and patents. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using Lumo Lift as a device of giving feedback of good posture when lifting weights.

    Method

    Lumo Lift (Lumo Body Tech, Inc, USA) is an activity tracker aimed to for example guide the carrier to good posture. The small device is attached to the clothes using a magnetic clasp. It is calibrated to the user's good posture and vibrates when the posture is inaccurate. In this study the angle, in which the Lumo Lift is allowed to tilt before the device vibrates, was investigated. The device was placed at the top of a ruler and calibrated in upright position. Thereafter the ruler was tilted and the angle when the equipment vibrated was noted. Two different speeds of the tilts were performed. One speed simulating the normal speed of an inaccurate tilting torso when lifting weights. And one slow speed. Two Lumo Lifts were tilted 20 times forward and backwards, respectively.

    Result

    In normal speed the measured angle was between 6 and 25 degrees, when tilted forward, except two times when one of the devices gave no vibration during the whole tilt of 90 degrees. When tilted backwards the angle was between 8 and 32 degrees. During slow tilt the angle varied from 5 to 13 degrees forward and 4 to 13 degrees backwards.

    Discussion and conclusion

    Angle tilted before vibration is too large in normal tilting speed. This study indicates that Lumo Lift is not suitable of giving posture feedback during lifting in daily life.

  • 11.
    Hellström, Per Anders Rickard
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Wearable Pedobarography System for Monitoring of Walk Related Parameters2019Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    Kostnaderna för sjukvård har ökat de senaste decennierna på grund av att vi lever allt längre. Därför så har forskningen inom personlig hälsomonitorering (PHM) ökat som ett svar på detta. PHM har fördelar såsom mobilitet (monitorering av hälsa på jobbet eller i hemmet), tidig upptäckt av hälsoproblem gör det möjligt att sätta in förebyggande åtgärder för hälsa och reducera kostnaden för sjukvård. Rörelseanalys på människor, med hjälp av till exempel pedobarografi (PBG), är en viktig underkategori av PHM. PBG används för att studera kraftfält som verkar mellan fotens undersida och en uppbärande yta. Analys av gångstil och kroppshållning, utvärdering av proteser och övervakning av återhämtning från skada eller sjukdom är exempel på tillämpningar för PBG.

     I överrensstämmelse med detta är syftet för forskningen i den här avhandlingen att utforma, bygga och utvärdera ett trådlöst och bärbart mätsystem som bygger på PBG för övervakning av gångrelaterade parametrar. Övervakning av buren vikt och gånghastighet valdes som tillämpningarna för att utvärdera systemet. Motiveringar för att välja dessa tillämpningar är att det finns en brist på bärbara system för övervakning av vikt under gång och att en möjlig kombination med accelerometrar kan förbättra uppskattningen av gånghastighet. Både gånghastighet och vikt är viktiga faktorer vid uppskattning av energiförbrukning. Ett portabelt system, som uppskattar vikt under gång, möjliggör övervakning av tunga arbetsförhållanden.

     De främsta forskningsbidragen inkluderar utformningen av ett mätsystem baserat på PBG med sensorimplementering som ger lång livslängd för sensorerna, flera nya analysmetoder för uppskattning av vikt under gång och en ny analysmetod för gångintensitet som relateras till gånghastighet. Forskningsresultaten visar på att det nya PBG-systemet, i kombination med de nya analysmetoderna, är passande för användning i bärbara system för övervakning av hälsorelaterade gångparametrar.

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    fulltext
  • 12.
    Hellström, Per Anders Rickard
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Wireless Wearable Measurement System Based on Pedobarography for Monitoring of Health2016Licentiatavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    Kostnaderna för vår hälsovård har ökat de senaste årtiondena på grund av att vi lever allt längre. Till följd av detta har forskning inom personlig hälsomonitorering (PHM) ökat. PHM medför fördelar såsom rörlighet (hälsoövervakning på jobbet och i hemmet), tidig upptäckt av hälsoproblem medför möjlighet till åtgärd i ett tidigt skede samt en minskning av kostnaderna för hälsovård. Analys av människors rörelser, med hjälp av till exempel tröghetsmätare och pedobarografi, är en viktig underkategori inom PHM. Pedobarografi (PBG) är studien av tryckfält som uppstår på grund av krafter som verkar mellan fotens undersida och en uppbärande yta. Analys av gångstil och kroppshållning, utvärdering av proteser samt monitorering av återhämtning från skada eller sjukdom är exempel på tillämpningar av PBG. Portabel PBG kan exempelvis utföras med hjälp av resistiva kraftsensorer implementerade i skors inläggssulor.

    I överrensstämmelse med detta är målet för forskningen i den här licentiatavhandlingen att designa, bygga och utvärdera ett trådlöst bärbart mätsystem baserat på pedobarografi för övervakning av hälsa. För att uppfylla forskningsmålet utfördes litteraturstudier och problem med existerande skobaserade system identifierades. Tvärsnittsstudier användes vid valideringen. Forskningsområdet är tvärvetenskapligt och omfattar biomedicinska mätningar, elektronik och datavetenskap.

    De främsta vetenskapliga bidragen inkluderar design och implementering av ett pedobarografiskt mätsystem bestående av öppet tillgängliga komponenter, en ny metod för att välja ut uppmätta värden för uppskattning av vikt av buren last under gång, samt en ny analysmetod för gångintensitet med hjälp av kraft-tidsintegraler i stegets avstampsfas. Forskningsresultaten implicerar att det nya pedobarografisystemet, i kombination med de två nya analysmetoderna, är lämpliga att användas i bärbara system för övervakning av hälsa. Mätningar vid personlig hälsomonitorering utförs för att hjälpa till vid beslutsfattande som rör hälsa. Följaktligen strävar framtida forskning mot design av olika beslutsstödsystem.

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    fulltext
  • 13.
    Jaen Ortega, A. A.
    et al.
    Department of Mechanical Engineering Universidad Tecnologica de Panama, Panama.
    De Los Angeles Ortega Del Rosario, M.
    Department of Mechanical Engineering Universidad Tecnologica de Panama, Panama.
    Hellström, Per
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Åstrand, Elaine
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ekström, Mikael
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    On Understanding the Role of Exoskeleton Robots in Hand Rehabilitation: A Brief Review2022Ingår i: Proceedings - 2022 8th International Engineering, Sciences and Technology Conference, IESTEC 2022, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022, s. 432-439Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Hand rehabilitation has been widely studied since it affects the life quality and independence of those affected. Hand impairment can be caused by several conditions, among them strokes and other cerebrovascular accidents, affecting the capabilities of those who survive them in performing the activities of daily living (ADL). Rehabilitation seeks to restore the ability of a person to perform these crucial ADL. There is a current trend in using robotic rehabilitation and other industry 4.0 tools since it can provide a safe, intensive, and task-oriented at a relatively low cost, which can be combined with other technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, BCI, haptics, and others. Moreover, it can provide accessibility in the face of current panoramas such as COVID-19. Hand exoskeleton robots are one of the most extended robotic devices for rehabilitation. However, a design adapted to the patient's needs is necessary to achieve their capability fully and succeed in rehabilitation. One of the main challenges is that several considerations and parameters affect these devices' design and the broad approaches that can be followed. This brief review aims to understand and empathize as a source of inspiration during the design process of hand exoskeleton robots for rehabilitation.

  • 14.
    Åkerberg, Anna
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard, Per
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Folke, Mia
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Steps measured in relation to different amount of physical activity2015Ingår i: 4th International Conference on Ambulatory Monitoring of Physical Activity and Movement ICAMPAM 2015, 2015Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
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