https://www.mdu.se/

mdh.sePublikasjoner
Endre søk
Begrens søket
123 1 - 50 of 134
RefereraExporteraLink til resultatlisten
Permanent link
Referera
Referensformat
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Annet format
Fler format
Språk
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Annet språk
Fler språk
Utmatningsformat
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Treff pr side
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sortering
  • Standard (Relevans)
  • Forfatter A-Ø
  • Forfatter Ø-A
  • Tittel A-Ø
  • Tittel Ø-A
  • Type publikasjon A-Ø
  • Type publikasjon Ø-A
  • Eldste først
  • Nyeste først
  • Skapad (Eldste først)
  • Skapad (Nyeste først)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Eldste først)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Nyeste først)
  • Disputationsdatum (tidligste først)
  • Disputationsdatum (siste først)
  • Standard (Relevans)
  • Forfatter A-Ø
  • Forfatter Ø-A
  • Tittel A-Ø
  • Tittel Ø-A
  • Type publikasjon A-Ø
  • Type publikasjon Ø-A
  • Eldste først
  • Nyeste først
  • Skapad (Eldste først)
  • Skapad (Nyeste først)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Eldste først)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Nyeste først)
  • Disputationsdatum (tidligste først)
  • Disputationsdatum (siste først)
Merk
Maxantalet träffar du kan exportera från sökgränssnittet är 250. Vid större uttag använd dig av utsökningar.
  • 1.
    Al-Dulaimy, Auday
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
    Ashjaei, Seyed Mohammad
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Behnam, Moris
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Fault Tolerance in Cloud Manufacturing: An Overview2023Inngår i: Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, LNICST, vol 495, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH , 2023, s. 89-101Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Utilizing edge and cloud computing to empower the profitability of manufacturing is drastically increasing in modern industries. As a result of that, several challenges have raised over the years that essentially require urgent attention. Among these, coping with different faults in edge and cloud computing and recovering from permanent and temporary faults became prominent issues to be solved. In this paper, we focus on the challenges of applying fault tolerance techniques on edge and cloud computing in the context of manufacturing and we investigate the current state of the proposed approaches by categorizing them into several groups. Moreover, we identify critical gaps in the research domain as open research directions. 

  • 2.
    Al-Dulaimy, Auday
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sicari, Christian
    University of Messina, Italy.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Galletta, Antonino
    University of Messina, Italy.
    Villari, Massimo
    University of Messina, Italy.
    Ashjaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    TOLERANCER: A fault tolerance approach for cloud manufacturing environments2022Inngår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022, Vol. 2022-SeptemberKonferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper presents an approach to solve the software and hardware related failures in edge-cloud environments, more precisely, in cloud manufacturing environments. The proposed approach, called TOLERANCER, is composed of distributed components that continuously interact in a peer to peer fashion. Such interaction aims to detect stress situations or node failures, and accordingly, TOLERANCER makes decisions to avoid or solve any potential system failures. The efficacy of the proposed approach is validated through a set of experiments, and the performance evaluation shows that it responds effectively to different faults scenarios.

  • 3.
    Al-Dulaimy, Auday
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Taheri, J.
    Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    LOOPS: A Holistic Control Approach for Resource Management in Cloud Computing2021Inngår i: ICPE 2021 - Proceedings of the ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc , 2021, s. 117-124Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In cloud computing model, resource sharing introduces major benefits for improving resource utilization and total cost of ownership, but it can create technical challenges on the running performance. In practice, orchestrators are required to allocate sufficient physical resources to each Virtual Machine (VM) to meet a set of predefined performance goals. To ensure a specific service level objective, the orchestrator needs to be equipped with a dynamic tool for assigning computing resources to each VM, based on the run-Time state of the target environment. To this end, we present LOOPS, a multi-loop control approach, to allocate resources to VMs based on the service level agreement (SLA) requirements and the run-Time conditions. LOOPS is mainly composed of one essential unit to monitor VMs, and three control levels to allocate resources to VMs based on requests from the essential node. A tailor-made controller is proposed with each level to regulate contention among collocated VMs, to reallocate resources if required, and to migrate VMs from one host to another. The three levels work together to meet the required SLA. The experimental results have shown that the proposed approach can meet applications' performance goals by assigning the resources required by cloud-based applications. 

  • 4.
    Alhashimi, Anas
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Change-Point and Model Estimation with Heteroskedastic Noise and Unknown Model Structure2023Inngår i: Int. Conf. Control, Decis. Inf. Technol., CoDIT, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2023, s. 2126-2132Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we investigate the problem of modeling time-series as a process generated through (i) switching between several independent sub-models; (ii) where each sub-model has heteroskedastic noise, and (iii) a polynomial bias, describing nonlinear dependency on system input. First, we propose a generic nonlinear and heteroskedastic statistical model for the process. Then, we design Maximum Likelihood (ML) parameters estimation method capable of handling heteroscedasticity and exploiting constraints on model structure. We investigate solving the intractable ML optimization using population-based stochastic numerical methods. We then find possible model change-points that maximize the likelihood without over-fitting measurement noise. Finally, we verify the usefulness of the proposed technique in a practically relevant case study, the execution-time of odometry estimation for a robot operating radar sensor, and evaluate the different proposed procedures using both simulations and field data.

  • 5.
    Ali-Eldin, Ahmed
    et al.
    Umeå University.
    Ilyushkin, Alexey
    Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
    Ghit, Bogdan
    Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
    Herbst, Nikolas Roman
    University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Iosoup, Alexandru
    Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
    Which Cloud Auto-Scaler Should I Use for my Application?: Benchmarking Auto-Scaling Algorithms2016Inngår i: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering ICPE, Delft, Netherlands: ACM , 2016, s. 131-132Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 6.
    Angelopoulos, Konstantinos
    et al.
    University of Brighton.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Lund University.
    Souza, Vitor E. Silva
    Mylopoulos, John
    University of Toronto.
    Model Predictive Control for Software Systems with CobRA2016Inngår i: SEAMS '16 Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, Austin, Texas, United States: ACM , 2016, s. 35-46Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Self-adaptive software systems monitor their operation and adapt when their requirements fail due to unexpected phenomena in their environment. This paper examines the case where the environment changes dynamically over time and the chosen adaptation has to take into account such changes. In control theory, this type of adaptation is known as Model Predictive Control and comes with a well-developed theory and myriads of successful applications. The paper focuses on modelling the dynamic relationship between requirements and possible adaptations. It then proposes a controller that exploits this relationship to optimize the satisfaction of requirements relative to a cost-function. This is accomplished through a model-based framework for designing self-adaptive software systems that can guarantee a certain level of requirements satisfaction over time, by dynamically composing adaptation strategies when necessary. The proposed framework is illustrated and evaluated through a simulation of the Meeting-Scheduling System exemplar.

  • 7.
    Ayala, I.
    et al.
    Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Amor, M.
    Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
    Fuentes, L.
    Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
    ProDSPL: Proactive self-adaptation based on Dynamic Software Product Lines2021Inngår i: Journal of Systems and Software, ISSN 0164-1212, E-ISSN 1873-1228, Vol. 175, artikkel-id 110909Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Dynamic Software Product Lines (DSPLs) are a well-accepted approach to self-adaptation at runtime. In the context of DSPLs, there are plenty of reactive approaches that apply countermeasures as soon as a context change happens. In this paper we propose a proactive approach, PRODSPL, that exploits an automatically learnt model of the system, anticipates future variations of the system and generates the best DSPL configuration that can lessen the negative impact of future events on the quality requirements of the system. Predicting the future fosters adaptations that are good for a longer time and therefore reduces the number of reconfigurations required, making the system more stable. PRODSPL formulates the problem of the generation of dynamic reconfigurations as a proactive controller over a prediction horizon, which includes a mapping of the valid configurations of the DSPL into linear constraints. Our approach is evaluated and compared with a reactive approach, DAGAME, also based on a DSPL, which uses a genetic algorithm to generate quasi-optimal feature model configurations at runtime. PRODSPL has been evaluated using a strategy mobile game and a set of randomly generated feature models. The evaluation shows that PRODSPL gives good results with regard to the quality of the configurations generated when it tries anticipate future events. Moreover, in doing so, PRODSPL enforces the system to make as few reconfigurations as possible.

  • 8.
    Ayala, Inmaculada
    et al.
    ITIS Software Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
    Amor, Mercedes
    ITIS Software Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
    Fuentes, Lidia
    ITIS Software Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Self-adapting Industrial Augmented Reality applications with proactive Dynamic Software Product Lines2021Inngår i: 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation ETFA 2021, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2021Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Industrial Augmented Reality (IAR) is a key enabling technology for Industry 4.0. However, its adoption poses several challenges because it requires the execution of computing-intensive tasks in devices with poor computational resources, which contributes to a faster draining of the device batteries. Proactive self-adaptation techniques could overcome these problems that affect the quality of experience by optimizing computational resources and minimizing user disturbance. In this work, we propose to apply ProDSPL, a proactive Dynamic Software Product Line, for the self-adaptation of IAR applications to satisfy the quality requirements. ProDSPL is compared against MODAGAME, a multi-objective DSPL approach that uses a genetic algorithm to generate quasi-optimal feature model configurations at runtime. The evaluation with randomly generated feature models running on mobile devices shows that ProDSPL gives results closer to the Pareto optimal than MODAGAME.

  • 9.
    Ayala, Inmaculada
    et al.
    Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Amor, Mercedes
    Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
    Fuentes, Lidia
    Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
    ProDSPL: Proactive Self-Adaptation Based on Dynamic Software Product Lines2021Inngår i: Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference - Volume A, Association for Computing Machinery , 2021Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This is an extended abstract of the article: Inmaculada Ayala, Alessandro V. Papadopoulos, Mercedes Amor, Lidia Fuentes, ProDSPL: Proactive self-adaptation based on Dynamic Software Product Lines, Journal of Systems and Software, Volume 175, 2021, 110909, ISSN 0164-1212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.110909.

  • 10.
    Bini, E.
    et al.
    University of Turin, Italy.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Higgins, J.
    University of Virginia, USA.
    Bezzo, N.
    University of Virginia, USA.
    Optimal Reference Tracking for Sampled-Data Control Systems2022Inngår i: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022, s. 7141-7148Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    It is a standard engineering practice to design feedback-based control to have a system follow a given trajectory. While the trajectory is continuous-time, the sequence of references is varied at discrete times as it is normally computed by digital systems.In this work, we propose a method to determine the optimal discrete-time references to be applied over a time window of a given duration. The optimality criterion is the minimization of a weighted L2 norm between the achieved trajectory and a given target trajectory which is desired to be followed. The proposed method is then assessed over different simulation results, analyzing the design parameters' effects, and over a UAV use case. The code to reproduce the results is publicly available.

  • 11.
    Bujosa Mateu, Daniel
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Innovation och produktrealisering.
    Ashjaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Proenza, J.
    University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.
    HERMES: Heuristic Multi-queue Scheduler for TSN Time-Triggered Traffic with Zero Reception Jitter Capabilities2022Inngår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Association for Computing Machinery , 2022, s. 70-80Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards provide a toolbox of features to be utilized in various application domains.The core TSN features include deterministic zero-jitter and low-latency data transmission and transmitting traffic with various levels of time-criticality on the same network. To achieve a deterministic transmission, the TSN standards define a time-aware shaper that coordinates transmission of Time-Triggered (TT) traffic. In this paper, we tackle the challenge of scheduling the TT traffic and we propose a heuristic algorithm, called HERMES. Unlike the existing scheduling solutions, HERMES results in a significantly faster algorithm run-time and a high number of schedulable networks. HERMES can be configured in two modes of zero or relaxed reception jitter while using multiple TT queues to improve the schedulability. We compare HERMES with a constraint programming (CP)-based solution and we show that HERMES performs better than the CP-based solution if multiple TT queues are used, both with respect to algorithm run-time and schedulability of the networks.

  • 12.
    Bujosa Mateu, Daniel
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ashjaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Proenza, Julián
    Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    LETRA: Mapping Legacy Ethernet-Based Traffic into TSN Traffic Classes2021Inngår i: 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation ETFA 2021, Västerås, Sweden: IEEE, 2021Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper proposes a method to efficiently map the legacy Ethernet-based traffic into Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) traffic classes considering different traffic characteristics. Traffic mapping is one of the essential steps for industries to gradually move towards TSN, which in turn significantly mitigates the management complexity of industrial communication systems. In this paper, we first identify the legacy Ethernet traffic characteristics and properties. Based on the legacy traffic characteristics we presented a mapping methodology to map them into different TSN traffic classes. We implemented the mapping method as a tool, named Legacy Ethernet-based Traffic Mapping Tool or LETRA, together with a TSN traffic scheduling and performed a set of evaluations on different synthetic networks. The results show that the proposed mapping method obtains up to 90% improvement in the schedulability ratio of the traffic compared to an intuitive mapping method on a multi-switch network architecture.

  • 13.
    Bujosa Mateu, Daniel
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Innovation och produktrealisering.
    Ashjaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Proenza, Julián
    University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Improved Clock Synchronization in TSN Networks with Legacy End-Stations2023Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to enable the adoption of Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) by the industry and be more environmentally sustainable, it is necessary to develop tools to integrate legacy systems with TSN. In this paper, we propose a solution for the coexistence of different time domains from different legacy systems with their corresponding synchronization protocols in a single TSN network. To this end, we experimentally identified the effects of replacing the communications subsystem of a legacy Ethernet-based network with TSN in terms of synchronization. Based on the results, we propose a solution called TALESS (TSN with Legacy End-Stations Synchronization). TALESS is able to identify the drift between the TSN communications subsystem and the integrated legacy devices (end-stations) and modify the TSN schedule to adapt to the different time domains to avoid the effects of the lack of synchronization between them. We validate TALESS through both simulations and experiments on a prototype. Thereby we demonstrate that thanks to TALESS, legacy systems are able to synchronize through TSN and even improve features such as their reception jitter or their integrability with other legacy systems.

  • 14.
    Bujosa Mateu, Daniel
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Hallmans, Daniel
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. Abb Ab, Ludvika, Sweden.
    Ashjaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Proenza, J.
    University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Clock Synchronization in Integrated TSN-EtherCAT Networks2020Inngår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2020, s. 214-221Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Moving towards new technologies, such as Time Sensitive Networking (TSN), in industries should be gradual with a proper integration process instead of replacing the existing ones to make it beneficial in terms of cost and performance. Within this context, this paper identifies the challenges of integrating a legacy EtherCAT network, as a commonly used technology in the automation domain, into a TSN network. We show that clock synchronization plays an essential role when it comes to EtherCAT-TSN network integration with important requirements. We propose a clock synchronization mechanism based on the TSN standards to obtain a precise synchronization among EtherCAT nodes, resulting to an efficient data transmission. Based on a formal verification framework using UPPAAL tool we show that the integrated EtherCAT-TSN network with the proposed clock synchronization mechanism achieves at least 3 times higher synchronization precision compared to not using any synchronization.

  • 15.
    Bujosa Mateu, Daniel
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Innovation och produktrealisering.
    Johansson, Andreas
    Mälardalens universitet.
    Ashjaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Proenza, Julian
    University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    The Effects of Clock Synchronization in TSN Networks with Legacy End-Stations2022Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we present our ongoing work on proposing solutions to integrate legacy end-stations into Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) communication systems where the legacy end-stations are synchronized via their legacy clock synchronization protocol. To this end, we experimentally identify the effects of lacking synchronization or partial synchronization in TSN networks. In the experiments we show the effects of clock synchronization in different scenarios on jitter and clock drifts. Based on the experiments, we propose preliminary solutions to overcome the identified effects.

  • 16.
    Bujosa Mateu, Daniel
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Innovation och produktrealisering.
    Proenza, J.
    University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ashjaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Introducing Guard Frames to Ensure Schedulability of All TSN Traffic Classes2023Inngår i: IEEE Int. Conf. Emerging Technol. Factory Autom., ETFA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2023, Vol. SeptemberKonferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Offline scheduling of Scheduled Traffic (ST) in Time-Sensitive Networks (TSN) without taking into account the quality of service of non-ST traffic, e.g., time-sensitive traffic such as Audio-Video Bridging (AVB) traffic, can potentially cause deadline misses for non-ST traffic. In this paper, we report our ongoing work to propose a solution that, regardless of the ST scheduling algorithm being used, can ensure meeting timing requirements for non-ST traffic. To do this, we define a frame called Guard Frame (GF) that will be scheduled together with all ST frames. We show that a proper design for the GFs will leave necessary porosity in the ST schedules to ensure that all non-ST traffic will meet their timing requirements.

  • 17.
    Caldas, Ricardo
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ghzouli, Razan
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Pelliccione, Patrizio
    Gran Sasso Science Institute, Italy.
    Weyns, Danny
    KU Leuven, Belgium, Sweden.
    Berger, Thorsten
    Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
    Towards Mapping Control Theory and Software Engineering Properties using Specification Patterns2021Inngår i: 2nd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems ACSOS 2021, Washington DC, United States, 2021, s. 281-286Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A traditional approach to realize self-adaptation in software engineering (SE) is by means of feedback loops. The goals of the system can be specified as formal properties that are verified against models of the system. On the other hand, control theory (CT) provides a well-established foundation for designing feedback loop systems and providing guarantees for essential properties, such as stability, settling time, and steady state error. Currently, it is an open question whether and how traditional SE approaches to self-adaptation consider properties from CT. Answering this question is challenging given the principle differences in representing properties in both fields. In this paper, we take a first step to answer this question. We follow a bottom up approach where we specify a control design (in Simulink) for a case inspired by Scuderia Ferrari (F1) and provide evidence for stability and safety. The design is then transferred into code (in C) that is further optimized. Next, we define properties that enable verifying whether the control properties still hold at code level. Then, we consolidate the solution by mapping the properties in both worlds using specification patterns as common language and we verify the correctness of this mapping. The mapping offers a reusable artifact to solve similar problems. Finally, we outline opportunities for future work, particularly to refine and extend the mapping and investigate how it can improve the engineering of self-adaptive systems for both SE and CT engineers.

  • 18.
    Camara Moreno, Javier
    et al.
    University of York, UK.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Vogel, Thomas
    Humboldt University Berlin, Germany.
    Weyns, Danny
    KU Leuven, Belgium; Linnaeus, Sweden.
    Garlan, David
    Carnegie Mellon University, USA.
    Huang, Shihong
    Florida Atlantic University, USA.
    Tei, Kenji
    Waseda University, Japan.
    Towards Bridging the Gap between Control and Self-Adaptive System Properties2020Inngår i: SEAMS '20: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 15th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, 2020, s. 78-84Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Two of the main paradigms used to build adaptive software employ different types of properties to capture relevant aspects of the system’s run-time behavior. On the one hand, control systems consider properties that concern static aspects like stability, as well as dynamic properties that capture the transient evolution of variables such as settling time. On the other hand, self-adaptive systems consider mostly non-functional properties that capture concerns such as performance, reliability, and cost. In general, it is not easy to reconcile these two types of properties or identify under which conditions they constitute a good fit to provide run-time guarantees. There is a need of identifying the key properties in the areas of control and self-adaptation, as well as of characterizing and mapping them to better understand how they relate and possibly complement each other. In this paper, we take a first step to tackle this problem by: (1) identifying a set of key properties in control theory, (2) illustrating the formalization of some of these properties employing temporal logic languages commonly used to engineer self-adaptive software systems, and (3) illustrating how to map key properties that characterize self-adaptive software systems into control properties, leveraging their formalization in temporal logics. We illustrate the different steps of the mapping on an exemplar case in the cloud computing domain and conclude with identifying open challenges in the area.

  • 19.
    Causevic, Aida
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sirjani, Marjan
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Towards a Framework for Safe and Secure Adaptive Collaborative Systems2019Inngår i: The 9th IEEE International Workshop on Industrial Experience in Embedded Systems Design IEESD 2019, 2019Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 20.
    Faragardi, Hamid Reza
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Dehnavi, Saed
    University of Tehran, Iran.
    Kargahi, Mehdi
    University of Tehran, Iran.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. IS (Embedded Systems).
    A Time-Predictable Fog-Integrated Cloud Framework: One Step Forward in the Deployment of a Smart Factory2018Inngår i: CSI International Symposium on Real-Time and Embedded Systems and Technologies REST'18, 2018, s. 54-62Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper highlights cloud computing as one of the principal building blocks of a smart factory, providing a huge data storage space and a highly scalable computational capacity. The cloud computing system used in a smart factory should be time-predictable to be able to satisfy hard real-time requirements of various applications existing in manufacturing systems. Interleaving an intermediate computing layer-called fog-between the factory and the cloud data center is a promising solution to deal with latency requirements of hard real-time applications. In this paper, a time-predictable cloud framework is proposed which is able to satisfy end-to-end latency requirements in a smart factory. To propose such an industrial cloud framework, we not only use existing real-time technologies such as Industrial Ethernet and the Real-time XEN hypervisor, but we also discuss unaddressed challenges. Among the unaddressed challenges, the partitioning of a given workload between the fog and the cloud is targeted. Addressing the partitioning problem not only provides a resource provisioning mechanism, but it also gives us a prominent design decision specifying how much computing resource is required to develop the fog platform, and how large should the minimum communication bandwidth be between the fog and the cloud data center.

  • 21.
    Filieri, Antonio
    et al.
    Imperial College London, UK.
    Maggio, Martina
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Angelopoulos, Konstantinos
    University of Brighton, UK.
    D'Ippolito, Nicolas
    Gerostatopoulos, Ilias
    Hempel, Andreas
    Jamshidi, Pooyan
    Kalyvianaki, Evangelia
    Klein, Cristian
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Krikava, Filip
    Misailovic, Sasa
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ray, Suprio
    Sharifloo, Amir M.
    Shevtsov, Stepan
    Ujma, Mateusz
    Vogel, Thomas
    Control Strategies for Self-Adaptive Software Systems2017Inngår i: ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems, ISSN 1556-4665, E-ISSN 1556-4703, Vol. 11, nr 4, artikkel-id 24Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The pervasiveness and growing complexity of software systems is challenging software engineering to de- sign systems that can adapt their behavior to withstand unpredictable, uncertain, and continuously chang- ing execution environments. Control theoretical adaptation mechanisms received a growing interest from the software engineering community in the last years for their mathematical grounding allowing formal guarantees on the behavior of the controlled systems. However, most of these mechanisms are tailored to specific applications and can hardly be generalized into broadly applicable software design and development processes. This paper discusses a reference control design process, from goal identification to the verification and validation of the controlled system. A taxonomy of the main control strategies is introduced, analyzing their applicability to software adaptation for both functional and non-functional goals. A brief extract on how to deal with uncertainty complements the discussion. Finally, the paper highlights a set of open challenges, both for the software engineering and the control theory research communities.

  • 22.
    Frasheri, M.
    et al.
    Aarhus University, Digit, Dep. of Elect. and Comp. Eng., Denmark.
    Miloradović, Branko
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Esterle, L.
    Aarhus University, Digit, Dep. of Elect. and Comp. Eng., Denmark.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    GLocal: A Hybrid Approach to the Multi-Agent Mission Re-Planning Problem2023Inngår i: IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence, SSCI, IEEE, 2023, s. 1696-1703Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Multi-agent systems can be prone to failures during the execution of a mission, depending on different circumstances, such as the harshness of the environment they are deployed in. As a result, initially devised plans for completing a mission may no longer be feasible, and a re-planning process needs to take place to re-allocate any pending tasks. There are two main approaches to solve the re-planning problem (i) global re-planning techniques using a centralized planner that will redo the task allocation with the updated world state and (ii) decentralized approaches that will focus on the local plan reparation, i.e., the re-allocation of those tasks initially assigned to the failed robots, better suited to a dynamic environment and less computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach, named GLocal, that combines both strategies to exploit the benefits of both, while limiting their respective drawbacks. GLocal was compared to a planner-only, and an agent-only approach, under different conditions. We show that GLocal produces shorter mission make-spans as the number of tasks and failed agents increases, while also balancing the tradeoff between the number of messages exchanged and the number of requests to the planner.

  • 23.
    Frasheri, Mirgita
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Cano-Garcia, Jose
    University of Malaga, Spain.
    Gonzalez-Parada, Eva
    University of Malaga, Spain.
    Curuklu, Baran
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ekström, Mikael
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Urdiales, Cristina
    University of Malaga, Spain.
    Adaptive Autonomy in Wireless Sensor Networks2020Inngår i: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS, 2020, s. 375-383Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Moving nodes in a Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN) typically have two maintenance objectives: (i) extend the coverage of the network as long as possible to a target area, and (ii) extend the longevity of the network as much as possible. As nodes move and also route traffic in the network, their battery levels deplete differently for each node. Dead nodes lead to loss of connectivity and even to disengaging full parts of the network. Several reactive and rule-based approaches have been proposed to solve this issue by adapting redeployment to depleted nodes. However, in large networks a cooperative approach may increase performance by taking the evolution of node battery and traffic into account. In this paper, we present a hybrid agent-based architecture that addresses the problem of depleting nodes during the maintenance phase of a MWSN. Agents, each assigned to a node, collaborate and adapt their behaviour to their battery levels. The collaborative behavior is modeled through the willingness to interact abstraction, which defines when agents ask and give help to one another. Thus, depleting nodes may ask to be replaced by healthier counterparts and move to areas with less traffic or to a collection point. At the lower level, negotiations trigger a reactive navigation behaviour based on Social Potential Fields (SPF). It is shown that the proposed method improves coverage and extends network longevity in an environment without obstacles as compared to SPF alone.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 24.
    Frasheri, Mirgita
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Curuklu, Baran
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ekström, Mikael
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Adaptive Autonomy in a Search and Rescue Scenario2018Inngår i: International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems, SASO, Volume 2018-September, 15 January 2019, 2018, s. 150-155Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Adaptive autonomy plays a major role in the design of multi-robots and multi-agent systems, where the need of collaboration for achieving a common goal is of primary importance. In particular, adaptation becomes necessary to deal with dynamic environments, and scarce available resources. In this paper, a mathematical framework for modelling the agents' willingness to interact and collaborate, and a dynamic adaptation strategy for controlling the agents' behavior, which accounts for factors such as progress toward a goal and available resources for completing a task among others, are proposed. The performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated through a fire rescue scenario, where a team of simulated mobile robots need to extinguish all the detected fires and save the individuals at risk, while having limited resources. The simulations are implemented as a ROS-based multi agent system, and results show that the proposed adaptation strategy provides a more stable performance than a static collaboration policy. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 25.
    Frasheri, Mirgita
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Esterle, L.
    DIGIT, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Cooperative Multi-agent Systems for the Multi-target κ -Coverage Problem2021Inngår i: Lect. Notes Comput. Sci., Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH , 2021, s. 106-131Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    When multiple robots are required to collaborate in order to accomplish a specific task, they need to be coordinated in order to operate efficiently. To allow for scalability and robustness, we propose a novel distributed approach performed by autonomous robots based on their willingness to interact with each other. This willingness, based on their individual state, is used to inform a decision process of whether or not to interact with other robots within the environment. We study this new mechanism to form coalitions in the on-line multi-object κ -coverage problem, and evaluate its performance through two sets of experiments, in which we also compare to other methods from the state-of-art. In the first set we focus on scenarios with static and mobile targets, as well as with a different number of targets. Whereas in the second, we carry out an extensive analysis of the best performing methods focusing only on mobile targets, while also considering targets that appear and disappear during the course of the experiments. Results show that the proposed method is able to provide comparable performance to the best methods under study. 

  • 26.
    Frasheri, Mirgita
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Esterle, Lukas
    Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Modeling the willingness to interact in cooperative multi-robot systems2020Inngår i: ICAART 2020 - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, VOL 1, SciTePress , 2020, Vol. 1, s. 62-72Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    When multiple robots are required to collaborate in order to accomplish a specific task, they need to be coordinated in order to operate efficiently. To allow for scalability and robustness, we propose a novel distributed approach performed by autonomous robots based on their willingness to interact with each other. This willingness, based on their individual state, is used to inform a decision process of whether or not to interact with other robots within the environment. We study this new mechanism to form coalitions in the on-line multiobject κ-coverage problem, and compare it with six other methods from the literature. We investigate the trade-off between the number of robots available and the number of potential targets in the environment. We show that the proposed method is able to provide comparable performance to the best method in the case of static targets, and to achieve a higher level of coverage with respect to the other methods in the case of mobile targets.

  • 27.
    Frasheri, Mirgita
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Miloradović, Branko
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Curuklu, Baran
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ekström, Mikael
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    GLocal: A Hybrid Approach to the Multi-Agent Mission Re-Planning Problem2020Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Multi-robot systems can be prone to failures during plan execution, depending on the harshness of the environment they are deployed in. As a consequence, initially devised plans may no longer be feasible, and a re-planning process needs to take place to re-allocate any pending tasks. Two main approaches emerge as possible solutions, a global re-planning technique using a centralized planner that will redo the task allocation with the updated world state information, or a decentralized approach that will focus on the local plan reparation, i.e., the re-allocation of those tasks initially assigned to the failed robots.The former approach produces an overall better solution, while the latter is less computationally expensive.The goal of this paper is to exploit the benefits of both approaches, while minimizing their drawbacks. To this end, we propose a hybrid approach {that combines a centralized planner with decentralized multi-agent planning}. In case of an agent failure, the local plan reparation algorithm tries to repair the plan through agent negotiation. If it fails to re-allocate all of the pending tasks, the global re-planning algorithm is invoked, which re-allocates all unfinished tasks from all agents.The hybrid approach was compared to planner approach, and it was shown that it improves on the makespan of a mission in presence of different numbers of failures,as a consequence of the local plan reparation algorithm.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 28.
    Frasheri, Mirgita
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Struhar, Vaclav
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro V.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Causevic, Aida
    Ethics of autonomous collective decision-making: The caesar framework2022Inngår i: Science and Engineering Ethics, ISSN 1353-3452, E-ISSN 1471-5546, Vol. 28, nr 6, artikkel-id 61Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, autonomous systems have become an important research area and application domain, with a significant impact on modern society. Such systems are characterized by different levels of autonomy and complex communication infrastructures that allow for collective decision-making strategies. There exist several publications that tackle ethical aspects in such systems, but mostly from the perspective of a single agent. In this paper we go one step further and discuss these ethical challenges from the perspective of an aggregate of autonomous systems capable of collective decision-making. In particular, in this paper, we propose the Caesar approach through which we model the collective ethical decision-making process of a group of actors—agents and humans, as well as define the building blocks for the agents participating in such a process, namely Caesar agents. Factors such as trust, security, safety, and privacy, which affect the degree to which a collective decision is ethical, are explicitly captured in Caesar. Finally, we argue that modeling the collective decision-making in Caesar provides support for accountability. 

  • 29.
    Friebe, Anna
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Markovic, Filip
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Adaptive Runtime Estimate of Task Execution Times using Bayesian Modeling2021Inngår i: Proceedings - 2021 IEEE 27th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, RTCSA 2021, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2021, s. 1-10Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In the recent works that analyzed execution-time variation of real-time tasks, it was shown that such variation may conform to regular behavior. This regularity may arise from multiple sources, e.g., due to periodic changes in hardware or program state, program structure, inter-task dependence or inter-task interference. Such complexity can be better captured by a Markov Model, compared to the common approach of assuming independent and identically distributed random variables. However, despite the regularity that may be described with a Markov model, over time, the execution times may change, due to irregular changes in input, hardware state, or program state. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach to adapt the emission distributions of the Markov Model at runtime, in order to account for such irregular variation. A preprocessing step determines the number of states and the transition matrix of the Markov Model from a portion of the execution time sequence. In the preprocessing step, segments of the execution time trace with similar properties are identified and combined into clusters. At runtime, the proposed method switches between these clusters based on a Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR). Using a Bayesian approach, clusters are updated and emission distributions estimated. New clusters can be identified and clusters can be merged at runtime. The time complexity of the online step is $O(N^{2}+ NC)$ where N is the number of states in the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that is fixed after the preprocessing step, and C is the number of clusters. 

  • 30.
    Friebe, Anna
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Markovic, Filip
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Innovation och produktrealisering. Max Planck Institute for Software Systems (MPI-SWS), Germany.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Continuous-Emission Markov Models for Real-Time Applications: Bounding Deadline Miss Probabilities2023Inngår i: Proc. IEEE Real Time Embedded Technol. Appl. Symp. RTAS, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2023, s. 14-26Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Probabilistic approaches have gained attention over the past decade, providing a modeling framework that enables less pessimistic analysis of real-time systems. Among the different proposed approaches, Markov chains have been shown effective for analyzing real-time systems, particularly in estimating the pending workload distribution and deadline miss probability. However, the state-of-the-art mainly considered discrete emission distributions without investigating the benefits of continuous ones. In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing the workload probability distribution and bounding the deadline miss probability for a task executing in a reservation-based server, where execution times are described by a Markov model with Gaussian emission distributions. The evaluation is performed for the timing behavior of a Kalman filter for Furuta pendulum control. Deadline miss probability bounds are derived with a workload accumulation scheme. The bounds are compared to 1) measured deadline miss ratios of tasks running under the Linux Constant Bandwidth Server with SCHED-DEADLINE, 2) estimates derived from a Markov Model with discrete-emission distributions (PROSIT), 3) simulation-based estimates, and 4) an estimate assuming independent execution times. The results suggest that the proposed method successfully upper bounds actual deadline miss probabilities. Compared to the discrete-emission counterpart, the computation time is independent of the range of the execution times under analysis, and resampling is not required.

  • 31.
    Friebe, Anna
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Markovic, Filip
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Estimating Deadline Miss Probabilities of Continuous-Emission Markov Chain TasksManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Estimating the response times of real-time tasks and applications is important for the analysis and implementation of real-time systems. Probabilistic approaches have gained attention over the past decade, as they provide a modeling framework that allows for less pessimism for the analysis of real-time systems.Among the different proposed approaches, Markov chains have been shown to be effective for the analysis of real-time systems, in particular, in the estimate of the pending workload probability distribution and of the deadline miss probability. However, this has been analyzed only for discrete emission distributions, but not for continuous ones.In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing the workload probability distribution and bounding the deadline miss probability for a task executing in a Constant Bandwidth Server, where execution times are described by a Markov model with Gaussian emission distributions.In the evaluation, deadline miss probability bounds and estimates are derived with a workload accumulation scheme. The results are compared to simulation and measured deadline miss ratios from tasks under the Linux Constant Bandwidth Server implementation SCHED_DEADLINE.

  • 32.
    Friebe, Anna
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Identification and validation of markov models with continuous emission distributions for execution times2020Inngår i: 2020 IEEE 26th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, RTCSA 2020, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2020Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    It has been shown that in some robotic applications, where the execution times cannot be assumed to be independent and identically distributed, a Markov Chain with discrete emission distributions can be an appropriate model. In this paper we investigate whether execution times can be modeled as a Markov Chain with continuous Gaussian emission distributions. The main advantage of this approach is that the concept of distance is naturally incorporated. We propose a framework based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) methods that 1) identifies the number of states in the Markov Model from observations and fits the Markov Model to observations, and 2) validates the proposed model with respect to observations. Specifically, we apply a tree-based cross-validation approach to automatically find a suitable number of states in the Markov model. The estimated models are validated against observations, using a data consistency approach based on log likelihood distributions under the proposed model. The framework is evaluated using two test cases executed on a Raspberry Pi Model 3B+ single-board computer running Arch Linux ARM patched with PREEMPT_RT. The first is a simple test program where execution times intentionally vary according to a Markov model, and the second is a video decompression using the ffmpeg program. The results show that in these cases the framework identifies Markov Chains with Gaussian emission distributions that are valid models with respect to the observations.

  • 33.
    Friebe, Anna
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Work-in-progress: Validation of probabilistic timing models of a periodic task with interference - A case study2019Inngår i: Proceedings - Real-Time Systems Symposium, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2019, s. 524-527, artikkel-id 9052191Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Probabilistic timing analysis techniques have been proposed for real-time systems to remedy the problems that deterministic estimates of the task's Worst-Case Execution Time and Worst-Case Response-Time can be both intractable and overly pessimistic. Often, assumptions are made that a task's response time and execution time probability distributions are independent of the other tasks. This assumption may not hold in real systems. In this paper, we analyze the timing behavior of a simple periodic task on a Raspberry Pi model 3 running Arch Linux ARM. In particular, we observe and analyze the distributions of wake-up latencies and execution times for the sequential jobs released by a simple periodic task. We observe that the timing behavior of jobs is affected by release events during the job's execution time, and of other processes running in between subsequent jobs of the periodic task. Using a data consistency approach we investigate whether it is reasonable to model the timing distribution of jobs affected by release events and intermediate processes as translations of the empirical timing distribution of non-affected jobs. According to the analysis, this paper shows that a translated distribution model of non-affected jobs is invalid for the execution time distribution of jobs affected by intermediate processes. Regarding the wake-up latency distribution with intermediate processes, a translated distribution model is improbable, but cannot be completely ruled out.

  • 34.
    Gualandi, Gabriele
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Innovation och produktrealisering.
    Maggio, M.
    Saarland University, Germany.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Optimization-based attack against control systems with CUSUM-based anomaly detection2022Inngår i: 2022 30th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, MED 2022, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022, s. 896-901Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Security attacks on sensor data can deceive a control system and force the physical plant to reach an unwanted and potentially dangerous state. Therefore, attack detection mechanisms are employed in cyber-physical control systems to detect ongoing attacks, the most prominent one being a threshold-based anomaly detection method called CUSUM. Literature defines the maximum impact of stealth attacks as the maximum deviation in the plant's state that an undetectable attack can introduce, and formulates it as an optimization problem. This paper proposes an optimization-based attack with different saturation models, and it investigates how the attack duration significantly affects the impact of the attack on the state of the plant. We show that more dangerous attacks can be discovered when allowing saturation of the control system actuators. The proposed approach is compared with the geometric attack, showing how longer attack durations can lead to a greater impact of the attack while keeping the attack stealthy. © 2022 IEEE.

  • 35.
    Gualandi, Gabriele
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Innovation och produktrealisering.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Worst-Case Impact Assessment of Multi-Alarm Stealth Attacks Against Control Systems with CUSUM-Based Anomaly Detection2023Inngår i: 2023 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTONOMIC COMPUTING AND SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEMS, ACSOS, 2023, nr 4th IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems (ACSOS), s. 117-126Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Manipulating sensor data can deceive cyber-physical systems (CPSs), leading to hazardous conditions in physical plants. An Anomaly Detection System (ADS) like CUSUM detects ongoing attacks by comparing sensor signals with those generated by a model. However, physics-based methods are threshold-based, which can result in both false positives and undetectable attacks. This can lead to undetected attacks impacting the system state and potentially causing large deviations from the desired behavior. In this paper, we introduce a metric called transparency that uniquely quantifies the effectiveness of an ADS in terms of its ability to prevent state deviation. While existing research focuses on designing optimal zero-alarm stealth attacks, we address the challenge of detecting more sophisticated multi-alarm attacks that generate alarms at a rate comparable to the system noise. Through our analysis, we identify the conditions that require the inclusion of multi-alarm scenarios in worst-case impact assessments. We also propose an optimization problem designed to identify multi-alarm attacks by relaxing the constraints of a zero-alarm attack problem. Our findings reveal that multi-alarm attacks can cause a more significant state deviation than zero-alarm attacks, emphasizing their critical importance in the security analysis of control systems.

  • 36.
    Gulisano, Vincenzo
    et al.
    Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Najdataei, Hannaneh
    Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Nikolakopoulos, Yiannis
    ZeroPoint Technol, S-41285 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro V.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papatriantafilou, Marina
    Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Tsigas, Philippas
    Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    STRETCH: Virtual Shared-Nothing Parallelism for Scalable and Elastic Stream Processing2022Inngår i: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, ISSN 1045-9219, E-ISSN 1558-2183, Vol. 33, nr 12, s. 4221-4238Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Stream processing applications extract value from raw data through Directed Acyclic Graphs of data analysis tasks. Shared-nothing (SN) parallelism is the de-facto standard to scale stream processing applications. Given an application, SN parallelism ins9tantiates several copies of each analysis task, making each instance responsible for a dedicated portion of the overall analysis, and relies on dedicated queues to exchange data among connected instances. On the one hand, SN parallelism can scale the execution of applications both up and out since threads can run task instances within and across processes/nodes. On the other hand, its lack of sharing can cause unnecessary overheads and hinder the scaling up when threads operate on data that could be jointly accessed in shared memory. This trade-off motivated us in studying a way for stream processing applications to leverage shared memory and boost the scale up (before the scale out) while adhering to the widely-adopted and SN-based APIs for stream processing applications. We introduce STRETCH, a framework that maximizes the scale up and offers instantaneous elastic reconfigurations (without state transfer) for stream processing applications. We propose the concept of Virtual Shared-Nothing (VSN) parallelism and elasticity and provide formal definitions and correctness proofs for the semantics of the analysis tasks supported by STRETCH, showing they extend the ones found in common Stream Processing Engines. We also provide a fully implemented prototype and show that STRETCH's performance exceeds that of state-of-the-art frameworks such as Apache Flink and offers, to the best of our knowledge, unprecedented ultra-fast reconfigurations, taking less than 40 ms even when provisioning tens of new task instances.

  • 37.
    Gulisano, Vincenzo
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nikolakopoulos, Yiannis
    Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Papatriantafilou, Marina
    Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Tsigas, Philippas
    Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Performance modeling of stream joins2017Inngår i: DEBS '17 Proceedings of the 11th ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event-based Systems, 2017, s. 191-202Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Streaming analysis is widely used in a variety of environments, from cloud computing infrastructures up to the network’s edge. In these contexts, accurate modeling of streaming operators’ performance enables fine-grained prediction of applications’ behavior without the need of costly monitoring. This is of utmost importance for computationally-expensive operators like stream joins, that observe throughput and latency very sensitive to rate-varying data streams, especially when deterministic processing is required. In this paper, we present a modeling framework for estimating the throughput and the latency of stream join processing. The model is presented in an incremental step-wise manner, starting from a centralized non-deterministic stream join and expanding up to a deterministic parallel stream join. The model describes how the dynamics of throughput and latency are influenced by the number of physical input streams, as well as by the amount of parallelism in the actual processing and the requirement for determinism. We present an experimental validation of the model with respect to the actual implementation. The proposed model can provide insights that are catalytic for understanding the behavior of stream joins against different system deployments, with special emphasis on the influences of determinism and parallelization.

  • 38.
    Gulisano, Vincenzo
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Papatriantafilou, Marina
    Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Elasticity2019Inngår i: Encyclopedia of Big Data Technologies / [ed] Sherif Sakr, Albert Zomaya, Sweden: Cham: Springer International Publishing , 2019Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 39.
    Hariharan, Sheela
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. Volvo Construction Equipment, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Erséus, A.
    Volvo Construction Equipment, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Towards a holistic approach to security validation of construction machinery through HIL systems2023Inngår i: IEEE Int. Conf. Emerging Technol. Factory Autom., ETFA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The construction industry is increasingly equipping its machinery with sophisticated embedded systems and modern connectivity. Technology advancements in connected safety-critical systems are complex, with cyber-security becoming a more critical factor. Due to interdependencies and network connectivity, attack surfaces and vulnerabilities have increased significantly. Consequently, it is imperative to perform a risk assessment and implement robust security testing methods in order to prevent cyber-attacks on machinery segments. This paper presents a method for identifying potential security threats that also affect machine functional safety, facilitated by identifying threats in the threat modeling process and analyzing safety-security synergies. By identifying such risks, attack scenarios are created to simulate cyber-attacks and create test cases for validation. This approach integrates security testing into the current testing process by using penetration testing tools and utilizing a Hardware-in-the-Loop(HIL) test setup and it is verified with a simulated Denial of Service attack over a CAN network.

  • 40.
    Hariharan, Sheela
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. Volvo Construction Equipment, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    On In-Vehicle Network Security Testing Methodologies in Construction Machinery2022Inngår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022, Vol. 2022-SeptemberKonferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In construction machinery, connectivity delivers higher advantages in terms of higher productivity, lower costs, and most importantly safer work environment. As the machinery grows more dependent on internet-connected technologies, data security and product cybersecurity become more critical than ever. These machines have more cyber risks compared to other automotive segments since there are more complexities in software, larger after-market options, use more standardized SAE J1939 protocol, and connectivity through long-distance wireless communication channels (LTE interfaces for fleet management systems). Construction machinery also operates throughout the day, which means connected and monitored endlessly. Till today, construction machinery manufacturers are investigating the product cybersecurity challenges in threat monitoring, security testing, and establishing security governance and policies. There are limited security testing methodologies on SAE J1939 CAN protocols. There are several testing frameworks proposed for fuzz testing CAN networks according to [1]. This paper proposes security testing methods (Fuzzing, Pen testing) for in-vehicle communication protocols in construction machinery.

  • 41.
    Ilyushkin, Alexey
    et al.
    Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands.
    Ali-Eldin, Ahmed
    Umeå Univ, Umeå, Sweden.
    Herbst, Nikolas
    Univ Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
    Bauer, Andre
    Univ Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Epema, Dick
    Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands.
    Iosup, Alexandru
    Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands.
    An Experimental Performance Evaluation of Autoscalers for Complex Workflows2018Inngår i: ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MODELING AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS, ISSN 2376-3639, Vol. 3, nr 2, artikkel-id UNSP 8Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Elasticity is one of the main features of cloud computing allowing customers to scale their resources based on the workload. Many autoscalers have been proposed in the past decade to decide on behalf of cloud customers when and how to provision resources to a cloud application based on the workload utilizing cloud elasticity features. However, in prior work, when a new policy is proposed, it is seldom compared to the state-of-the-art, and is often compared only to static provisioning using a predefined quality of service target. This reduces the ability of cloud customers and of cloud operators to choose and deploy an autoscaling policy, as there is seldom enough analysis on the performance of the autoscalers in different operating conditions and with different applications. In our work, we conduct an experimental performance evaluation of autoscaling policies, using as application model workflows, a popular formalism for automating resource management for applications with well-defined yet complex structures. We present a detailed comparative study of general state-of-the-art autoscaling policies, along with two new workflow-specific policies. To understand the performance differences between the seven policies, we conduct various experiments and compare their performance in both pairwise and group comparisons. We report both individual and aggregated metrics. As many workflows have deadline requirements on the tasks, we study the effect of autoscaling on workflow deadlines. Additionally, we look into the effect of autoscaling on the accounted and hourly based charged costs, and we evaluate performance variability caused by the autoscaler selection for each group of workflow sizes. Our results highlight the trade-offs between the suggested policies, how they can impact meeting the deadlines, and how they perform in different operating conditions, thus enabling a better understanding of the current state-of-the-art.

  • 42.
    Ilyushkin, Alexey
    et al.
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Ali-Eldin, Ahmed
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Herbst, Nikolas Roman
    University of Würzburg, Germany.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ghit, Bogdan
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Epema, Dick
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Iosoup, Alexandru
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    An Experimental Performance Evaluation of Autoscaling Algorithms for Complex Workflows2016Inngår i: ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing 2016 SoCC 16, 2016Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 43.
    Ilyushkin, Alexey
    et al.
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Ali-Eldin, Ahmed
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Herbst, Nikolas Roman
    University of Würzburg, Germany.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ghit, Bogdan
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Epema, Dick
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Iosoup, Alexandru
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    An Experimental Performance Evaluation of Autoscaling Algorithms for Complex Workflows2017Inngår i: ICPE '17 Proceedings of the 8th ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering, 2017, s. 75-86Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Simplifying the task of resource management and scheduling for customers, while still delivering complex Quality-of-Service (QoS), is key to cloud computing. Many autoscaling policies have been proposed in the past decade to decide on behalf of cloud customers when and how to provision resources to a cloud application utilizing cloud elasticity features. However, in prior work, when a new policy is proposed, it is seldom compared to the state-of-the-art, and is often compared only to static provisioning using a predefined QoS target. This reduces the ability of cloud customers and of cloud operators to choose and deploy an autoscaling policy. In our work, we conduct an experimentalperformance evaluation of autoscaling policies, using as application model workflows, a commonly used formalism for automating resource management for applications with well-defined yet complex structure. We present a detailed comparative study of general state-of-the-art autoscaling policies, along with two new workflow-specific policies. To understand the performance differences between the 7 policies, we conduct various forms of pairwise and group comparisons. We report both individual and aggregated metrics. Our results highlight the trade-offs between the suggested policies, and thus enable a better understanding of the current state-of-the-art.

  • 44.
    Ioli, D.
    et al.
    Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
    Falsone, A.
    Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Prandini, M.
    Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
    A compositional modeling framework for the optimal energy management of a district network2019Inngår i: Journal of Process Control, ISSN 0959-1524, E-ISSN 1873-2771, Vol. 74, s. 160-176Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper proposes a compositional modeling framework for the optimal energy management of a district network. The focus is on cooling of buildings, which can possibly share resources to the purpose of reducing maintenance costs and using devices at their maximal efficiency. Components of the network are described in terms of energy fluxes and combined via energy balance equations. Disturbances are accounted for as well, through their contribution in terms of energy. Different district configurations can be built, and the dimension and complexity of the resulting model will depend both on the number and type of components and on the adopted disturbance description. Control inputs are available to efficiently operate and coordinate the district components, thus enabling energy management strategies to minimize the electrical energy costs or track some consumption profile agreed with the main grid operator.

  • 45.
    Jansen, M.
    et al.
    Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Al-Dulaimy, Auday
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Trivedi, A.
    Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Iosup, A.
    Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    The SPEC-RG Reference Architecture for the Compute Continuum2023Inngår i: Proceedings - 23rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing, CCGrid 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2023, s. 469-484Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    As the next generation of diverse workloads like autonomous driving and augmented/virtual reality evolves, computation is shifting from cloud-based services to the edge, leading to the emergence of a cloud-edge compute continuum. This continuum promises a wide spectrum of deployment opportunities for workloads that can leverage the strengths of cloud (scalable infrastructure, high reliability) and edge (energy efficient, low latencies). Despite its promises, the continuum has only been studied in silos of various computing models, thus lacking strong end-to-end theoretical and engineering foundations for computing and resource management across the continuum. Consequently, devel-opers resort to ad hoc approaches to reason about performance and resource utilization of workloads in the continuum. In this work, we conduct a first-of-its-kind systematic study of various computing models, identify salient properties, and make a case to unify them under a compute continuum reference architecture. This architecture provides an end-to-end analysis framework for developers to reason about resource management, workload distribution, and performance analysis. We demonstrate the utility of the reference architecture by analyzing two popular continuum workloads, deep learning and industrial IoT. We have developed an accompanying deployment and benchmarking framework and first-order analytical model for quantitative reasoning of continuum workloads. The framework is open-sourced and available at https://github.com/atlarge-research/continuum. 

  • 46.
    Johansson, B.
    et al.
    ABB Process Automation, Process Control Platform, Västerås, Sweden.
    Rågberger, M.
    ABB Process Automation, Process Control Platform, Västerås, Sweden.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Consistency before Availability: Network Reference Point based Failure Detection for Controller Redundancy2023Inngår i: IEEE Int. Conf. Emerging Technol. Factory Autom., ETFA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Distributed control systems constitute the automation solution backbone in domains where downtime is costly. Redundancy reduces the risk of faults leading to unplanned downtime. The Industry 4.0 appetite to utilize the device-to-cloud continuum increases the interest in network-based hardware-agnostic controller software. Functionality, such as controller redundancy, must adhere to the new ground rules of pure network dependency. In a standby controller redundancy, only one controller is the active primary. When the primary fails, the backup takes over. A typical network-based failure detection uses a cyclic message with a known interval, a.k.a. a heartbeat. Such a failure detection interprets heartbeat absences as a failure of the supervisee; consequently, a network partitioning could be indistinguishable from a node failure. Hence, in a network partitioning situation, a conventional heartbeat-based failure detection causes more than one active controller in the redundancy set, resulting in inconsistent outputs. We present a failure detection algorithm that uses network reference points to prevent network partitioning from leading to dual primary controllers. In other words, a failure detection that prioritizes consistency before availability.

  • 47.
    Johansson, Bjarne
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. ABB Industrial Automation, Process Control Platform, Västerås, Sweden.
    Leander, Björn
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. ABB Industrial Automation, Process Control Platform, Västerås, Sweden.
    Causevic, Aida
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Classification of PROFINET I/O Configurations utilizing Neural Networks2019Inngår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2019, s. 1321-1324Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In process automation installations, the I/O system connect the field devices to the process controller over a fieldbus, a reliable, real-time capable communication link with signal values cyclical being exchanged with a 10-100 millisecond rate. If a deviation from intended behaviour occurs, analyzing the potentially vast data recordings from the field can be a time consuming and cumbersome task for an engineer. For the engineer to be able to get a full understanding of the problem, knowledge of the used I/O configuration is required. In the problem report, the configuration description is sometimes missing. In such cases it is difficult to use the recorded data for analysis of the problem.In this paper we present our ongoing work towards using neural network models as assistance in the interpretation of an industrial fieldbus communication recording. To show the potential of such an approach we present an example using an industrial setup where fieldbus data is collected and classified. In this context we present an evaluation of the suitability of different neural net configurations and sizes for the problem at hand.

  • 48.
    Johansson, Bjarne
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. ABB, Västeras, Sweden.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Concurrency defect localization in embedded systems using static code analysis: An evaluation2019Inngår i: Proceedings - 2019 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops, ISSREW 2019, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2019, s. 7-12Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Defects with low manifestation probability, such as concurrency defects, are difficult to find during testing. When such a defect manifests into an error, the low likelihood can make it time-consuming to reproduce the error and find the root cause. Static Code Analysis (SCA) tools have been used in the industry for decades, mostly for compliance checking towards guidelines such as MISRA. Today, these tools are capable of sophisticated data and execution flow analysis. Our work, presented in this paper, evaluates the feasibility of using SCA tools for concurrency defect detection and localization. Earlier research has categorized concurrency defects. We use this categorization and develop an object-oriented C++ based test suite containing defects from each category. Secondly, we use known and real defects in existing products' source code. With these two approaches, we perform the evaluation, using tools from some of the largest commercial actors in the field. Based on our results, we provide a discussion about how to use static code analysis tools for concurrency defect detection in complex embedded real-Time systems.

  • 49.
    Johansson, Bjarne
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. Abb, Västerås, Sweden.
    Ragberger, Mats
    ABB, Västerås, Sweden.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Kubernetes Orchestration of High Availability Distributed Control Systems2022Inngår i: Proc IEEE Int Conf Ind Technol, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Distributed control systems transform with the Industry 4.0 paradigm shift. A mesh-like, network-centric topology replaces the traditional controller-centered architecture, enforcing the interest of cloud-, fog-, and edge-computing, where lightweight container-based virtualization is a cornerstone. Kubernetes is a well-known container management system for container orchestration in cloud computing. It is gaining traction in edge- and fog-computing due to its elasticity and failure recovery properties. Orchestrator failure recovery can complement the manual replacement of a failed controller and, combined with controller redundancy, provide a pseudo-one-out-of-many redundancy. This paper investigates the failure recovery performance obtained from an out-of-the-box Kubernetes installation in a distributed control system scenario. We describe a Kubernetes based virtualized controller architecture and the software needed to set up a bare-metal cluster for control systems. Further, we deploy single and redundant configured containerized controllers based on an OPC UA compatible industry middleware software on the bare-metal cluster. The controllers expose variables with OPC UA PubSub. A script-based daemon introduces node failures, and a verification controller measures the downtime when using Kubernetes with an industry redundancy solution.

  • 50.
    Johansson, Bjarne
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. ABB Process Automation, Process Control Platform, Västerås, Sweden.
    Rågberger, Mats
    ABB Process Automation, Process Control Platform, Västerås, Sweden.
    Nolte, Thomas
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Papadopoulos, Alessandro
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Priority Based Ethernet Handling in Real-Time End System with Ethernet Controller Filtering2022Inngår i: IECON 2022 – 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2022Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This work addresses the impact of best-effort traffic on network-dependent real-time functions in distributed control systems. Motivated by the increased Ethernet use in real-time dependent domains, such as the automation industry, a growth driven by Industry 4.0, interconnectivity desires, and data thirst. Ethernet allows different network-based functions to converge on one physical network infrastructure. In the automation domain, converged networks imply that functions with different criticality and real-time requirements coexist and share the same physical resources. The IEEE 60802 Time-Sensitive Networking profile for Industrial Automation targets the automation industry and addresses Ethernet network determinism on converged networks. However, the profile is still in the draft stage at the time of writing this paper. Meanwhile, Ethernet already provides attributes utilized by network equipment to prioritize time-critical communication. This paper shows that Ethernet Controller filtering with prioritized processing is a prominent solution for preserving real-time guarantees while supporting best-effort traffic. A solution capable of eliminating all best-effort traffic interference in the real-time application is exemplified and evaluated on a VxWorks system.

123 1 - 50 of 134
RefereraExporteraLink til resultatlisten
Permanent link
Referera
Referensformat
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Annet format
Fler format
Språk
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Annet språk
Fler språk
Utmatningsformat
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf