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  • 1.
    Andersson, Henny
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Lindmark, Johan
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Schwede, Sebastian
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Jansson, Joakim
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Suhonen, Anssi
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences.
    Jääskeläinen, Ari
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences.
    Reijonen, Tero
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences.
    Laatikainen, Reino
    University of Eastern Finland.
    Heitto, Anneli
    Finnoflag.
    Hakalehto, Elias
    Finnoflag.
    Technical Output Report – Pilot A in Sweden2014Report (Other academic)
  • 2. Andersson, Henny
    et al.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Lindmark, Johan
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Schwede, Sebastian
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Jansson, Joakim
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Suhonen, Anssi
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
    Jääskeläinen, Ari
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
    Reijonen, Tero
    Laatikainen, Reino
    Heitto, Anneli
    Hakalehto, Elias
    TECHNICAL REPORT ON PILOT A TESTS IN SWEDEN2015Report (Refereed)
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  • 3. Beckinghausen, A.
    et al.
    Odlare, Monica
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Schwede, Sebastian
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    From removal to recovery: An evaluation of nitrogen recovery techniques from wastewater2020In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 263, article id 114616Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nitrogen recovery is the next step in the improvement of the wastewater treatment process, utilizing this important nutrient for fertilizers to decrease use of energy, petrochemicals, and impact on the environment. The majority of wastewater treatment plants currently employ methods to remove nitrogen which are energy intensive and have no additional benefits besides complying with effluent concentration limits. Instead, recovering nitrogen allows simultaneous treatment of wastewater while collecting a concentrated ammonia product, creating a circular economy solution. This review acts to compile current research regarding nitrogen recovery and compare different techniques' recovery efficiencies and energy requirements. One outcome of this review is that more than one third of the techniques reviewed had little comments around the energy question, and thus more research needs to take place as these recovery systems continue to evolve towards full scale implementation. Additionally, a basic economic analysis was completed to demonstrate potential investment opportunities to implement these technologies. From this investigation, gas permeable membrane technology has the potential to recover ammonia from wastewater using little energy and may provide a small income with the sale of the product. Other techniques such as vacuum membrane distillation with acid absorption need further validation to determine the energy costs, as the amount of heat recycling has a great impact on the overall energy and economic balances. Finally, a discussion of the misalignment of products from recovery techniques and fertilizers in use today highlights the lack of communication and information sharing between the research community and the end users. 

  • 4.
    Behzadi, A.
    et al.
    Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gram, A.
    Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Sadrizadeh, Sasan
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    A hybrid machine learning-assisted optimization and rule-based energy monitoring of a green concept based on low-temperature heating and high-temperature cooling system2023In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 384, article id 135535Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article aims to support the targeted worldwide green transition process by introducing and thoroughly analyzing a low-temperature heating and high-temperature cooling, smart building system. This concept allows for greater use of renewable energy while utilizing less input energy than conventional heating and cooling techniques. The proposed system consists of a reversible water-to-water heat pump driven by low-temperature geothermal energy. A rule-based control strategy is developed to establish an intelligent connection with the regional energy grids for peak shaving and compensating for the building's energy costs over the year. The dynamic simulation is carried out for a multi-family building complex in Stockholm, Sweden, using TRNSYS. The most favorable operating condition is determined via an artificial neural network-assisted tri-objective optimizer based on the grey wolf algorithm in MATLAB. The comparison of the proposed smart model with the conventional system in Sweden results in 332%, 203%, and 190% primary energy reduction, cost saving, and carbon dioxide emission mitigation, respectively. As indicated by the parametric results, the conflicting fluctuation between desirable and unfavorable indicators highlights the importance of multi-objective optimization. The grey wolf optimizer obtains 12% higher efficiency, 1.2 MWh lower annual bought energy, 24 $/MWh lower unit cost, and 5.1 MWh more yearly sold energy than the design condition. The scattered distribution reveals that tank volume and subcooling degree are sensitive parameters. According to the transient results, the suggested smart system can independently satisfy the building's heating, cooling, and electricity demands for more than 81% of the year, thanks to the two-way connection with the electricity and heating networks via the rule-based controller. 

  • 5.
    Behzadi, A.
    et al.
    Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Duwig, C.
    Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sadrizadeh, S.
    Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Supply-demand side management of a building energy system driven by solar and biomass in Stockholm: A smart integration with minimal cost and emission2023In: Energy Conversion and Management, ISSN 0196-8904, E-ISSN 1879-2227, Vol. 292, article id 117420Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As part of the transition to a sustainable future, energy-efficient buildings are needed to secure users' comfort and lower the built environment's energy footprint and associated emissions. This article presents a novel, realistic and affordable solution to minimize the footprint of smart building energy systems and enable higher renewable energy use in the building sector. For this, an intelligent system is being developed using a rule-based automation approach that considers thermal comfort, energy prices, meteorological data, and primary energy use. In order to lower the installation cost and part of the environmental footprint, batteries are not used, and the heat pump's size is decreased via component integration. Also, different renewable resources are effectively hybridized using photovoltaic thermal panels and an innovative biomass heater to increase the share of renewable energy, enhance reliability, and shave peak load. In order to secure feasibility, the suggested framework is assessed from the techno-economic and environmental standpoints for 100 residential apartments in Stockholm, Sweden. Our results show that 70.8 MWh of renewable electricity is transferred to the local grid, and the remaining 111.5 MWh is used to supply the building's needs and power the electrically-driven components. The biomass heater meets more than 65% of the space heating demand, mainly at low solar power and high electricity prices, illustrating the value of integration strategies to reduce the system's dependability on the local grid. The results further reveal that most energy purchases during the cloudy days and nights are repaid through the sale of excess renewable production during the warmer hours, with a bidirectional connection with the grid. The monthly energy cost is less than 140 $/MWh for most of the years. The cost can be held low due to the exclusion of batteries and minimizing the heat pump size. The proposed system has a low emission index of 11.9 kgCO2/MWh and can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 70 TCO2/year compared to using the supply from the Swedish energy mix. 

  • 6.
    Bel Fdhila, Rebei
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering. ABB AB, Corporate Research, SE - 721 78, Västerås, Sweden.
    Rahmani, Mohamed Ali
    ABB AB, Corporate Research, SE - 721 78, Västerås, Sweden.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    PREDICTION AND MEASUREMENTS OF THE GAS BUBBLES INDUCED MIXING IN A BIO-REACTOR WATER MODEL2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Biogas is a fuel gaining increased interest. To be commercially viable the biogas production process needs to be further improved with advanced industrial standards where the technical, economic and environmental aspects are fully considered.

    Understanding fluid dynamics and the microbial reactions in the digestion process is necessary to accurately model and predict the biogas production. In connection with the Swedish company SvenskVäxkraft AB we focus on reactors where part of the produced gas is re-injected at the bottom to generate a strong recirculation with a gas-lift effect with a rising flow in the core. The mixture motion in this type of bio-reactors is entirely induced by the gas.

    Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to study the effect of gas plumes of bubbles in the range smaller than 10mm with a maximum local gas volume fraction lower than 10%. This study shows that considering the appropriate models to account for the added agitation and turbulence by the bubbles improves the prediction of the liquid flow characteristics. Neglecting the induced bubble effect leads to erroneous results where the radial dispersion of the gas concentration, the liquid velocity and the turbulence are significantly underestimated.

    To validate the model we performed local measurements in an experimental facility where a laboratory water-model is equipped with advanced instruments to measure the gas volume fraction as well as the liquid and gas vertical velocities.

    It was found that using the bubble induced turbulence model by Sato et al. [8] with the Tomyami models for the drag and lift forces [3-6], provides predictions in good agreement with the measured quantities.

    This study shows that for such processes where the flow is mainly created by the bubbles presence, the pseudo-turbulence (the turbulence induced by the bubbles) and the bubble size distribution need to be properly considered.

  • 7.
    Blackman, Corey
    et al.
    SaltX Technology AB, Sweden; Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
    Bales, Chris
    Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Experimental Evaluation and Concept Demonstration of a Novel Modular Gas-Driven Sorption Heat Pump2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gas-driven sorption heat pumps (GDSHPs) exhibit great possibilities in the reduction of energy use and environmental impact of heating systems that utilise natural gas. By utilising renewable thermal energy from the environment, that is, air, ground or water sources, significant reduction of primary energy use can be achieved. However, high cost, low coefficient of performance (COP) and large volume per unit thermal power produced have limited the proliferation of GDSHPs. In this work, exploiting the benefits of reversible chemical reactions in sorption systems, with no internal moving parts, noise, vibration, and a maintenance-free reactor design, two novel modular prototype sorption components were developed and evaluated experimentally. They were designed to operate as part of an intermittent cycle GDSHP to deliver heat directly to a load or to a stratified hot water store. Prototype 1 was an ammonia-salt basic sorption unit while prototype 2 was an ammonia-salt resorption unit both employing proprietary composite sorbent materials. Test results showed that the prototype 2 reactor produced a specific heating capacity of 46 W/litre at a temperature lift of 50°C yielding a COP of 1.38. Prototype 1 demonstrated higher heating capacity of 73 W/litre at a temperature lift of 70°C but exhibited lower COP of 1.10. Given its higher COP but lower temperature lift, prototype 2 could be employed in a GDSHP designed for moderate heating demands or where a ground source heat exchanger is employed as the low temperature heat source. In the case where a higher temperature lift is required, for example, for an air-source GDSHP unit then the prototype 1 design would be more applicable.

  • 8.
    Blackman, Corey
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Bales, Chris
    Högskolan Dalarna, Sweden.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Techno-Economic Evaluation of Solar-Assisted Heating and Cooling Systems with Sorption Module Integrated Solar Collectors2015In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING FOR BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY, SHC 2014, 2015, Vol. 70, p. 409-417Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Bruzzone, Silvia
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Industrial Economics and Organisation.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Wahl, Thomas
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Industrial Economics and Organisation.
    Energy-to-waste nexus: from technical fix to processes of infrastructuring2021Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Mirmoshtaghi, Guilnaz
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Larsson, Eva K.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Engvall, K.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Liliedahl, T.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Dong, C.
    North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
    Hu, X.
    North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
    Lu, Q.
    North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
    Modelling and Simulation of Biomass Conversion Processes2015In: Proceedings - 8th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation, EUROSIM 2013, 2015, p. 506-512, article id 7004995Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By utilizing biomass gasification, the energy contentof the biomass can be utilized to produce gas to be used forcogeneration of heat and power as well as other energy carrierssuch as fuels for vehicles. The concept is suitable forapplication to existing CHP plants as well as for utilizing spentliqour in small scale pulp and paper mills. The introductionwould enable flexible energy utilization, use of problematicfuels as well as protects the environment by e.g. avoiding therelease of toxic substances. In this paper, the possibilities todevelop this concept is discussed. In this paper we comparedifferent gasification processes with respect to what gas qualitywe get, and how the gasification can be modelled usingdifferent modelling approaches, and how these can becombined. Results from simulations are compared toexperimental results from pilot plant operations in differentscales and with different processes like CFB and BFBTechnologies, athmospheric and pressurized, and using steam,air and oxygen as oxidizing media.

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  • 11.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Naqvi, Muhammad
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Kyprianidis, Konstantinos
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Comparison of Gas Quality from Black Liquor and Wood Pellet Gasification Using Modelica Simulation and Pilot Plant Results2017In: Energy Procedia, ISSN 1876-6102, Vol. 105, p. 992-998Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a potential to integrate biomass gasification with pulp & paper and CHP plants in order to complement the existing systems with production of chemicals, such as methane, hydrogen, and methanol etc. To perform system analysis of such integration, it is important to gain knowledge of relevant input data on expected synthesis gas composition by gasifying different types of feed stock. In this paper, the synthesis gas quality from wood pellets gasification (WPG) has been compared with black liquor gasification (BLG) through modeling and experimental results at pilot scale. In addition, the study develops regression models like Partial Least Squares (PLS) made from the experimental data. The regression models are then combined with dynamic models developed in Modelica for the investigation of dynamic energy and material balances for integrated plants. The data presented in this study could be used as input to relevant analysis using e.g. ASPEN plus and similar system analysis tools. 

  • 12.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Naqvi, Muhammad
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden.
    Kyprianidis, Konstantinos
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Hartwell, Philip
    BioRegional MiniMills Ltd, UK.
    Experimental and numerical investigation of pellet and black liquor gasification for polygeneration plant2017In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 204, p. 1066-1064Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is vital to perform system analysis on integrated biomass gasification in chemical recovery systems in pulp and paper and heat and power plants for polygeneration applications. The proposed integration complements existing pulp and paper and heat and power production systems with production of chemicals such as methane and hydrogen. The potential to introduce gasification-based combined cycles comprising gas turbines and steam turbines to utilize black liquors and wood pellets also merits investigation. To perform such analysis, it is important to first build knowledge on expected synthesis gas composition by gasifying at smaller scale different types of feed stock. In the present paper, the synthesis gas quality from wood pellets gasification has been compared with black liquor gasification by means of numerical simulation as well as through pilot-scale experimental investigations. The experimental results have been correlated into partial least squares models to predict the composition of the synthesis gas produced under different operating conditions. The gas quality prediction models are combined with physical models using a generic open-source modelling language for investigating the dynamic performance of large-scale integrated polygeneration plants. The analysis is further complemented by considering potential gas separation using modern membrane technology for upgrading the synthesis gas with respect to hydrogen content. The experimental data and statistical models presented in this study form an important literature source for future use by the gasification and polygeneration research community on further integrated system analysis.

  • 13.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Naqvi, Muhammad
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center. KTH, Energiprocesser.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center. KTH, Energiprocesser.
    Kyprianidis, Konstantinos
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Hartwell, Philip
    BioRegional MiniMills Ltd., United Kingdom.
    Modeling of Black Liquor Gasification2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Naqvi, Muhammad
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center. KTH, Energiprocesser.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center. KTH, Energiprocesser.
    Kyprianidis, Konstantinos
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Hartwell, Philip
    BioRegional MiniMills Ltd., United Kingdom.
    Modeling of Wood Gasification in an Atmospheric CFB Plant2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Nordlander, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Wallin, Christian
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center. ABB Process Industries AB, Västerås, Sweden.
    Avelin, Anders
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Control of waste water treatment combined with irrigation2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In waste water treatment using biological treatment processes normally phosphorous, nitrous compounds as well as organic matterare removed.It is also important to remove or kill pathogens that otherwisecould cause diseases. The surplus of bio-sludge is used to produce biogas. In thepaper four different alternatives for system design and operations of systems was discussed. The alternatives integrates thewaste water treatment and irrigation offarmland using the water taken out from different positions in the waste water treatment plant.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 16.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology.
    Alternative Pathways to a fossil-fuel free energy system in the Mälardalen region of Sweden2006In: Proceedings of the Second International Green Energy Conference, 2006, 2006, p. 822-830Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a study on alternative pathways to a fossil-fuel free regional energy system in the Mälardalen region of Sweden with a population of 3 million inhabitants. We describe and address how the region can be made independent of fossil fuels by integration of resource management, technology advances, and behavior change in energy use. First we investigate the consumption pattern of the inhabitants. Then we study what resources are available, and how these can be used to fulfill the different demands. If we just use the resources in a pattern of business as usual today without changing the behavior, the balance between demands and resources is difficult to reach. By combining a slightly different behavior and a change of crops it could be possible to fulfill the needs. Some advanced technological solutions have also been proposed. For example, dedicated biomass energy plants such as fodder sugar beats can be used for ethanol production. Also Salix, straw, hemp and some cereals can be used and the residues can be gasified to produce dimethylether (DME), which is good as a replacement for diesel fuel. Still the fuel demand for transport is high, and the vehicle weight could be further reduced. For example, by going back to the car size we had only ten years ago the weight would be 25-30 % less, and fuel consumption would be at least 15 % lower. With diesel engines instead of Otto-engines the fuel consumption could be reduced by 35 %, and with hybrid technology additional 20% fuel reduction could be gained. Improved public transportation will also give a positive effect especially for those commuting between the larger cities and between the cities and the suburbs. The results of our calculations show that it would be possible to accomplish a fossil-free energy system in the Mälardalen region. The results of this study are important since it shows that an energy balance without fossil fuels could be possible for an area with a population in the order of 3 million people, which would also be valuable in studies of other areas in the world.

  • 17.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Alternative Pathways to a Fossil-Fuel Free Energy System in the Mälardalen region of Sweden2007In: International Journal of Energy Research, ISSN 0363-907X, E-ISSN 1099-114X, Vol. 31, no 12, p. 1226-1236Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a study on alternative pathways to a fossil-fuel free regional energy system in the Mälardalen region of Sweden with a population of 3 million inhabitants. We describe and address how the region can be made independent of fossil fuels by integration of resource management, technology advances, and behaviour change in energy use. First we investigate the consumption pattern of the inhabitants. Then we study what resources are available, and how these can be used to fulfil the different demands. If we just use the resources in a pattern of business as usual today without changing the behaviour, the balance between demands and resources is difficult to reach. By combining a slightly different behaviour and a change of crops we can fulfil the needs and it might even be possible to have a surplus of resources. Some advanced technological solutions have also been proposed. For example, dedicated biomass energy plants such as Salix, straw, hemp and some cereals can be used for ethanol production and the residues can be gasified to produce dimethylether (DME), which is good as a replacement for diesel fuel. Still the fueldemand for transport is high, and the vehicle weight could be further reduced. For example, by going back to the car size we had only 10 years ago the weight would be 25-30% less, and fuelconsumption would be at least 15% lower. With diesel engines instead of Otto engines the fuel consumption could be reduced by 35%, and with hybrid technology additional 20% fuel reduction could be gained. Improved public transportation will also give a positive effect especially for those commuting between the larger cities and between the cities and the suburbs. The results of our calculations show that it would be possible to accomplish a fossil-free energy system in the Mälardalen region. The results of this study are important since it shows that an energy balance without fossil fuels could be possible for an area with a population in the order of 3 million people, which would also be valuable in studies of other areas in the world.

  • 18.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Combined Solar Power, Hydrogen, TPV and Cyanobacter Production2010In: Proceedings of the International Conference of Applied Energy / [ed] Jinyue Yan, 2010, p. 179-188Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we discuss design for a combined TPV and solar power system with production of biomass. During the passage through the solar collector cyanobacters or algae are getting sunshine to drive the photo synthesis. An algae suspension is circulated through a solar panel to drive photo synthesis. The flow rate is varying with solar intensity to balance the temperature increase. This is to avoid inhibition of the cyanobacters/algae growth rate due to too high temperature. PV cells are producing electricity when there is light, while TPV cells are used when it is dark. The biomass produced then is utilized for production of photons for the TPV system. As an alternative a system producing Hydrogen and electricity produced in a fuel cell system is discussed. Design criteria for the systems are discussed in this paper for a house that is principally self sufficient on energy. Both theoretical and practical obstacles are discussed, as there are a number of issues to solve before the technique can be used in ”real life”

  • 19.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Mårtensson, Kenneth
    Enander, Måns
    How to develop a fossil fuel free Malardalen Region2007Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Vassileva, Iana
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Wallin, Fredrik
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    How to save energy to reach a balance between production and consumption of heat, electricity and fuels for vehicles2011In: International Green Energy Conference (IGEC-6) Anadolu University / [ed] Hikmet Karakoc, Eskeshir, 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a potential to utilize a significant amount of renewable energy in Sweden and EU. Biomass can fulfil some 8 500- 12 500 TWh/y in EU, while the total utilization was 16 084 TWh/y 2009. Even though there is a significant amount of wind power, hydro power and potentially also solar power, it still is most economical to reduce the consumption of heat, electricity and fuels for vehicles. A saved kWh is normally cheaper than to produce one extra. In this paper different opportunities for saving energy will be discussed. This includes manufacturing industries, process industries, power plants and energy systems including distribution of power and smart grids, food production and transportation. There is also a major potential to save energy in buildings, both in the north where it is cold, and in the south where it can be very hot summertime. Here the potential is to avoid cooling instead. Technical solutions as well as economic incentives will be covered. Environmental aspects will be addressed, so that the solutions will be long term sustainable.

     

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  • 21.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Vassileva, Iana
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Wallin, Fredrik
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    How to save energy to reach a balance between production and consumptionof heat, electricity and fuels for vehicles2012In: Energy, ISSN 0360-5442, E-ISSN 1873-6785, Vol. 46, no 1, p. 16-20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a potential to utilize a significant amount of renewable energy in Sweden and European union(EU). Biomass can fulfil some 8500e12,500 TW h/y in EU, while the total utilization was 16,084 TW h/y2009. Even though there is a significant amount of wind power, hydro power and potentially also solarpower, it still is most economical to reduce the consumption of heat, electricity and fuels for vehicles. Asaved kWh is normally cheaper than to produce one extra. In this paper different opportunities for savingenergy will be discussed. This includes manufacturing industries, process industries, power plants andenergy systems including distribution of power and smart grids, food production and transportation.There is also a major potential to save energy in buildings, both in the north where it is cold, and in thesouth where it can be very hot summer time. Here the potential is to avoid cooling instead. Technicalsolutions as well as economic incentives are covered. Environmental aspects are addressed, so that thesolutions will be long term sustainable.

  • 22.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Vassileva, Iana
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Wallin, Fredrik
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    OPTIMIZATION OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE A NATIONAL BALANCE WITHOUT FOSSIL FUELS2011In: International Journal of Green Energy, ISSN 1543-5075, E-ISSN 1543-5083, Vol. 8, no 6, p. 684-704Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, the overall energy balance for Sweden and to some extent EU27 is discussed. It deals with the reduction of the total consumption in industrial, transport, and domestic sectors through more efficient vehicles, industrial processes, and buildings and individual behavior. The conclusion is that it should be relatively easy for Sweden to reach a sustainable society if the political will, in the form of policies and incentives, is present. It would also be possible for the EU27 to reach a sustainable society, although it would be more demanding (challenging?).

  • 23.
    Dahlquist, Erik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, inyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    How to become independent of fossil fuels in Sweden2008In: quist / [ed] Lui Ronghou, Shanghai: SJTU press , 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden has got the toughest demand in the whole of Europe recently. In 2020 minimum 49 % of the energy should be renewable energy. To achieve the goal biogas production is being optimized, utilizing organic wastes and crops, to produce methane for cars and buses. In Vasteras a 200 MW waste gasification plant will be built to replace coal in an existing 600 MW PC-boiler with biogas. The plant will start up 2011. There will be co-firing with also peat, aside of the biogas. In Sweden 120 TWh/y of biomass is consumed, which is almost 1/3 of the total 400 TWh energy utilized annually. Most of it is used in co-generation (CHP) or pulp and paper industry. Now the plan is to increase production of liquid fuels for vehicles. Energy balances for production of bio ethanol in Sweden will be discussed. This can be an interesting part of poly-generation systems. Plug-in hybrid car are foreseen to be introduced on a large scale within the next 10 years. Here liquid fuels are used in a combustor with e.g. a turbine and generator primarily to produce electricity, while electric engines fed by electricity from batteries drive the vehicle. Today 60 % of the new cars are "environmental", that is low consuming diesel, ethanol or biogas. Seven years ago it was only 5 % of the new cars! Cities, county authorities and government are working together with companies and universities to drive the transfer away from fossil fuels.

  • 24.
    Daianova, Lilia
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Evaluation of a regional bioenergy system with local production of biofuel for transportation, integrated with a CHP plant2012In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 92, p. 739-749Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The share of renewable liquid fuels (ethanol, fatty acid methyl ester, biogas, and renewable electricity) in the total transportation fuel in Sweden, has increased by the end of 2009 to such level that e.g. domestic bioethanol production is unable to satisfy current ethanol fuel demand. Regional small-scale ethanol production can assist the region in covering the regional needs in transport fuel supply.

    Current case study system includes the production of ethanol, biogas, heat and power from locally available cereals straw. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model is developed for cost optimization of regional transport fuel supply (ethanol, biogas and petrol). The model is applied for two cases, one when ethanol production plant is integrated with an existing CHP plant (polygeneration), and one with a standalone ethanol production plant.

    The optimization results show that for both cases the changes in ethanol production costs have the biggest influence on the costs for supplying regional passenger car fleet with transport fuel. Petrol fuel price and straw production costs have also a significant effect on costs for supplying cars with transport fuel for both standalone ethanol production and integrated production system.

    By integrating the ethanol production process with a CHP plant, the costs for supplying regional passenger car fleet with transport fuel can be cut by 31%, from 150 to 104 €/MW h fuel, which should be compared with E5 costs of 115 €/MW h (excl VAT).

  • 25.
    Daianova, Lilia
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Local production of bioethanol to meet the growing demands of a regional transport system2011In: Proceedings of World Renewable Energy Congress 2011, May 2011, Linköping, Sweden, 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    : Energy security and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are the driving forces behind the development of renewable fuel sources worldwide. In Sweden, a relatively rapid development in bioethanol usage in transportation has been driven by the implementation of national taxation regulations on carbon neutral transport fuels. The demand for bioethanol to fuel transportation is growing and cannot be met through current domestic production alone. Lignocellulosic ethanol derived from agricultural crop residues may be a feasible alternative source of ethanol to secure a consistent regional fuel supply in Swedish climatic conditions. This paper analyzes how the regional energy system can contribute to reducing CO2 emissions by realizing local small scale bioethanol production and substituting petrol fuel with high blend ethanol mixtures for private road transport. The results show that about 13 000 m3 of bioethanol can be produced from the straw available in the studied region and that this amount can meet the current regional ethanol fuel demand. Replacing the current demand for petrol fuel for passenger cars with ethanol fuel can potentially reduce CO2 emissions from transportation by 48%.

  • 26.
    Daianova, Lilia
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Locally produced bioethanol for a regional self-sufficient transport fuel system2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Daraei, Mahsa
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Avelin, Anders
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Evaluation of biofuel production integrated with existing CHP plants and the impacts on production planning of the system – A case study2019In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 252, article id 113461Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration has caused a transformative shift in global energy systems, which is contributing to an increased use of renewables. Sweden is among the countries trying to shift to a fossil-fuel-free system in all energy sectors. This paper addresses the fuel demand and supply in the transportation sector in the county of Västmanland in Sweden. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization model is developed to minimize cost in the studied system. The model is further used to investigate the influence of three different scenarios on production planning of regional Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants: (1) straw-based biofuel production integrated with existing CHP plants to fuel combustion engine vehicles, (2) use of electric vehicles, and (3) use of hybrid vehicles fueled by both electricity and bioethanol. Potential solar power generation from rooftop solar cells is also included in the model. The energy system in scenario 2 is found to have the highest overall system efficiency; however, a large amount of power needs to be imported to the system. Hybrid vehicles can potentially reduce the electricity import and CO2 emissions compared to the current situation. Electricity production from rooftop solar collectors could provide the energy needs of the vehicles during summer, while regionally produced straw-based bioethanol integrated with CHP plants can satisfy the fuel needs of the vehicles in winter. This approach could affect the production planning of CHP plants, result in less fuel use and increase the share of renewable resources in the regional transportation system. 

  • 28.
    Daraei, Mahsa
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Avelin, Anders
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Optimization of a regional energy system including CHP plants and local PV system and hydropower: Scenarios for the County of Västmanland in Sweden2019In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 230, p. 1111-1127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Providing the energy needs of the cumulatively increasing population has become a challenge for the regional energy systems in the world. The most critical challenge is to supply enough energy in the forms of heat and power during the cold and warm periods of the year with the lowest production cost and minimum environmental impacts. A solution is to increase the green energy supply from renewable energy resources such as solar, wind power, and hydropower. In order to apply this solution in the real energy system, potentials for clean energy supply in an optimized manner should be evaluated. In this study, an optimization model is developed for a regional energy system in the central part of Sweden. The studied system consists of Combined Heat and Power (CHP)plants and heat water boilers together with renewable energy supply from rooftop Photo Voltaic (PV)- solar collectors and regional hydropower plants. The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS)is used to create the model based on the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)method. The goal is to evaluate the influence of local renewable energy systems on the production planning of CHP plants in a region. Two different scenarios are investigated based on the extremes in energy supply and demand concerning the increased use of Electrical Vehicles (EVs)and more application of Heat Pumps (HPs)in the system. The results show that installation of rooftop PV systems has the potential to reduce the electricity import to the region; however, it will at the same time reduce the operation time of the CHP plans during the summer period. With increased use of HPs for heating, the shut off time for CHP plants is further increased. Increase in electric passenger cars penetration in the system has no impacts on the production profiles of the plants. The regional electricity demand grows significantly by more utilization of EVs and increased application of heat pumps in the studied system. The high electricity demand will mainly be satisfied by importing electricity from outside the region together with low production from CHP plants and the power generated by the rooftop PV systems and regional hydropower. The developed optimization model with studied scenarios can be applied to other energy systems to increase the knowledge of production planning and feasibility of a fossil fuel free energy system.

  • 29.
    Daraei, Mahsa
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Campana, Pietro Elia
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Avelin, Anders
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Jurasz, Jakub
    Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Impacts of integrating pyrolysis with existing CHP plants and onsite renewable-based hydrogen supply on the system flexibility2021In: Energy Conversion and Management, ISSN 0196-8904, E-ISSN 1879-2227, Vol. 43, article id 114407Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The share of renewable energy sources in the primary energy use is increasing worldwide. Given the intermittency of the energy supply from renewables, it is important to increase flexibility in the system to respond to the imbalances between energy demand and supply. Several flexibility options such as power storage and energy integration are currently in use, mostly at small scales. The increased energy supply from renewables and the flexibility solutions can influence the production planning of existing thermal energy conversion plants. In this study, integration of energy technologies including a hydrotreated pyrolysis oil production integrated with existing CHP plants is investigated as a flexibility solution. The system interacts with potential power generation from rooftop PV systems integrated with power-to-hydrogen storage. A cost-optimization model is developed using MILP method. The study focuses on the system flexibility and operational strategy of the existing CHP plants considering market trends, climate changes, and future energy developments with increased penetration of heat pumps and electric vehicles but less fossil fuels use. The results indicate that the suggested integrated system can increase the local energy supply by 33 GWh. Moreover, the power-to-hydrogen storage and onsite hydrogen use can increase the share of renewables in energy supply by 6%. Optimization of the developed scenarios for future energy-related changes indicates that the market trends could significantly reduce the performance of the system by 21% but increase the penetration of renewables in the system by 8%. Overall, scenario analysis shows the potential of using such a polygeneration system for flexible energy supply including existing CHP plants. 

  • 30.
    Daraei, Mahsa
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Campana, Pietro Elia
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Avelin, Anders
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    A multi-criteria analysis to assess the optimal flexibility pathway for regional energy systems with high share of renewables2021Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 31.
    Daraei, Mahsa
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Campana, Pietro Elia
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Corrigendum to “Power-to-hydrogen storage integrated with rooftop photovoltaic systems and combined heat and power plants”. [Appl. Energy 276 (2020) 115499] (Applied Energy (2020) 276, (S0306261920310114), (10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115499))2021In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 281, article id 116079Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The authors regret that there is a typo mistake in Table 3 in the paper. The value of “Hydropower” in the table was incorrectly written 831 GWh; however, it shall be 83 GWh. The revised table is as follows: The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. 

  • 32.
    Daraei, Mahsa
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Campana, Pietro Elia
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Power-to-hydrogen storage integrated with rooftop photovoltaic systems and combined heat and power plants2020In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 276, article id 115499Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The growing share of intermittent renewable energy sources for power generation indicates an increasing demand for flexibility in the energy system. Energy storage technologies ensure a balance between demand and supply and increase the system flexibility. This study investigates increased application of renewable energy resources at a regional scale. Power-to-gas storage that interacts with a large-scale rooftop photovoltaic system is added to a regional energy system dominated by combined heat and power plants. The study addresses the influence of the storage system on the production planning of the combined heat and power plants and the system flexibility. The system is modeled and the product costs are optimized using the Mixed Integer Linear Programming method, as well as considering the effects on CO2 emissions and power import into the regional system. The optimization model is investigated by developing different scenarios for the capacity and cost of the storage system. The results indicate that the proposed storage system increases the system flexibility and can reduce power imports and the marginal emissions by around 53%, compared with the current energy system. There is a potential to convert a large amount of excess power to hydrogen and store it in the system. However, because of low efficiency, a fuel cell cannot significantly contribute to power regeneration from the stored hydrogen. Therefore, for about 70% of the year, the power is imported to the optimized system to compensate the power shortfalls rather than to use the fuel cell. 

  • 33.
    Daraei, Mahsa
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Avelin, Anders
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Evaluation of potential fossil fuel free energy system: Scenarios for optimization of a regional integrated system2017In: Energy Procedia, ISSN 1876-6102, Vol. 142, p. 964-970Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Population growth and urbanization have led to increases in energy demand and consequently, greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the availability of the fossil fuel as the main source of energy supply has been changed. Utilization of renewable resources including solar, wind, and hydropower together with distributed energy systems could eliminate the dependency on fossil fuel energy sources. In this paper, energy use and supply trends have been studied for the Counties of Västmanland and Södermanland in Sweden in order to develop a scenario for the regional energy system in 2030. The aim is to use the scenario for evaluation of the impacts of regional renewable energy resources on the production planning of CHP plants. The scenario shows that there is not enough potential for electricity production from renewable resources such as solar, wind, and hydropower to fulfill the estimated demand in 2030. Around 75% of electricity needs in Västmanland and 89% of power demands in Södermanland need to be met by imported electricity to these regions. Efficiency improvements and a more complex energy system integrating also with other energy resources like biomass, waste and industrial waste heat are necessary to develop a sustainable energy system.

  • 34.
    Daraei, Mahsa
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Avelin, Anders
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Potential biofuel production in a fossil fuel free transportation system: A scenario for the County of Västmanland in Sweden2019In: Energy Procedia, Elsevier Ltd , 2019, Vol. 158, p. 1330-1336Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Air pollution and increased CO2 concentration in atmosphere and other energy related issues caused a transformative shift in energy system which contributes to increased utilization of renewables as alternative to generate green energy carriers. The potential of renewable resources in different region and potential energy conversion have been largely considered by many researcher in many countries. The energy conversion technologies to produce heat, electricity, and transportation fuels have made impressive technical advances. Sweden has also been challenging with mitigation of CO2 emission and trying to shift into a fossil fuel free system in all energy sectors. This paper deals with the current status of fuel demand and supply in the transport sector in a County in Sweden. A scenario for a fossil fuel free transport sector at a regional level is developed to investigate the potential biofuel production from regionally produced straw. The results and analysis indicate that the potential for cereal based bioethanol production in the region is sufficient to meet the biofuel demand of the County. Using the fallow land for cereal cultivation, it is feasible to shift into a fossil fuel free transportation system where all passenger cars are fueled by bioethanol. The results and finding from the current paper will be used to develop further study on optimization of local biofuel production integrated with CHP plants considering application of other feedstock such as municipal wastes.

  • 35.
    Daraei, Mahsa
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Avelin, Anders
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Potentials for increased application of renewables in the transportation system: A case study for Södermanland County, Sweden2019In: Energy Procedia, Elsevier Ltd , 2019, p. 267-273Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, possible alternations in a regional transport sector are assessed to increase the use of renewable resources. Three scenarios are developed aimed to investigate different alternatives including potential straw-based bioethanol supply to fuel regional cars with combustion engines, more use of Electrical Vehicles (EVs) with use of potential power from solar energy, and the feasibility of application of hybrid cars fueled with electricity and bioethanol. The evaluation considers the reduction in CO 2 emissions and increased balance in energy demand and supply. Results of the study indicate that application of hybrid vehicles with bioethanol-fueled engines and electrical motors could potentially reduce the CO 2 emissions compared with other proposed approaches in the studied scenarios. At the same time, there would be a balance in the system, so that, the bioethanol production from the available cereal straw in the region can meet the energy demand of suggested hybrid cars in wintertime. While, the energy supply from solar cells installed on the rooftop of the buildings can cover the electricity need of the motor during summer. This approach will also result in increased use of renewables in the transportation system.

  • 36.
    den Boer, Emilia
    et al.
    Institute of Environment Protection Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology.
    Szpadt, Ryszard
    Institute of Environment Protection Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Jääskeläinen, Ari
    Environmental Engineering, Teaching and Research, Savonia University of Applied.
    Malo, Laura
    Environmental Engineering, Teaching and Research, Savonia University of Applied, Center for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment for North Savo,.
    Huopana, Tuomas
    The Department of Environmental Science, The University of Eastern Finland,.
    Current Status of Waste-to-Energy Utilisation in some parts of Baltic Sea Region2011In: Journal of Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences, ISSN 1799-6848, Vol. 2Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents the results of preliminary assessment of the current status ofwaste-to-energy utilisation in selected regions, which was conducted within theREMOWE (Regional Mobilizing of Sustainable Waste-to-Energy Production)project. The REMOWE project is part of the Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007-2013 and has been partly-financed by the European Union. The most and least advanced regions with regard to the renewable energy share in final energyconsumption were presented, also some Finnish data was included. The wastetypes which were identified as relevant for energy recovery include municipalwaste, sewage sludge, industrial waste, as well as agricultural waste and byproducts. In both considered regions there is high energy recovery potential.

  • 37.
    den Boer, Emilia
    et al.
    Wroclaw University of Technology, POland.
    Szpadt, Ryszard
    Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland.
    Łukaszewska, Agnieszka
    Marschal Office of Lower Silesia, Poland.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Jääskeläinen, Ari
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Finland.
    Lõõnik, Jaan
    Estonian Regional and Local Development Agency, Estonia.
    Belous, Olga
    Klaipeda University, Lithuania.
    Comparative assessment of waste-to-energy potential in European regions2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents the results of assessment of the current status of waste-to-energy utilisation in five selected regions, which was conducted within the REMOWE (Regional Mobilizing of Sustainable Waste-to-Energy Production) project. The REMOWE project is part of the Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007-2013 and has been partly-financed by the European Union. The objective of this paper is the evaluation of the current practice with focus on the best practices that can be transferred to other regions. The selected regions are Estonia; Lower Silesia (Poland), Western Lithuania and North Savo Region (Finland) and the County of Västmanland (Sweden). The current situations in the project regions are presented with regard to the waste generation and treatment and the potential to use waste as RES. The waste types which were identified as relevant for energy recovery include municipal waste, sewage sludge, industrial waste (two streams: one suitable for biogas generation and the other one as alternative fuel for combustion) as well as animal manure. The greatest energy potential show residual municipal waste (68% of the total potential) and animal manure (24%). Energy recovery from these wastes should be a priority in waste management systems of individual regions. Current energy recovery from waste is very low in the considered regions, except for the County of Västmanland, where app. 68% of the waste to energy potential is utilised.

    Keywords: waste, renewable energies, sustainability, residues.

  • 38.
    den Boer, Jan
    et al.
    WAMECO S.C., ul. Malinowa 7, 55-002 Kamieniec Wrocławski, Poland.
    den Boer, Emilia
    Institute of Environment Protection Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
    Szpadt, Ryszard
    Institute of Environment Protection Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
    Łukaszewska, Agnieszka
    Marshal Office of Lower Silesia, Wybrzeże Słowackiego 12-14, 50-411 Wrocław, Poland.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM RESIDUES IN NORTHERN CENTRAL EUROPEAN REGIONS2012Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper the results of a study on the energy potential of residual materials in 5 regions in the Northern Central European area are presented. The highest potential for waste-to-energy is provided by the incineration of municipal residual waste and the digestion of manure. Related to the number of inhabitants, the potential is the highest in North Savo, whereas the current utilisation is by far the highest in the County of Västmanland. The total potential of waste-to-energy for the considered regions is the highest for Western Lithuania at app. 7%, with the other regions varying between 2,5 and 4% of the total primary energy use. The following waste-to-energy installations should be planned: waste incinerators (Estonia, Western Lithuania and Lower Silesia); energy recovery from waste derived fuels (North Savo, Lower Silesia and the County of Västmanland); anaerobic digestion of biodegradable part of municipal waste and of agricultural waste and by-products (Lower Silesia) as well as sewage sludge drying in Western Lithuania and Lower Silesia.

  • 39.
    Desideri, Umberto
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center. Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy.
    Krayem, A.
    Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    The Unprecedented Natural Gas Crisis in Europe: Investigating the Causes and Consequences with a Focus on Italy2023In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 16, no 16, article id 5954Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The energy prices in Europe have in recent years surpassed unprecedented thresholds and varied in unexpected ways compared to previous years. This paper presents a study of the fuel markets in Italy, supplemented by insights from Sweden. Italy is heavily dependent on natural gas. The results show that natural gas demand changed only slightly in the period 2017–2022, but prices started to increase at the end of 2021. Notable spikes occurred at the beginning of the events in Ukraine, even though the baseline was already three times higher than the average price from 2017 to 2019. Distinct dynamics can be identified with the increase in demand for power generation, contrasted with a decrease in industrial natural gas demand after August 2022. The trends in coal and wood chip prices are consistent with those of natural gas, while oil prices appear to be less correlated. Additionally, events such as CO2 trading and the launch of the Fit for 55 program by the EU show some correlation with the trend in natural gas prices during 2021. Interestingly, the origin of the increase in natural gas prices during 2021–2022 cannot be simply attributed to the mismatch of supply and demand or any singular external event. This paper aims at starting a discussion on the topic by proposing some explanations.

  • 40.
    Dong, Beibei
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Hu, Changzheng
    Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
    Skvaril, Jan
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Li, Hailong
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Selecting the approach for dynamic modelling of CO2 capture in biomass/waste fired CHP plants2023In: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, ISSN 1750-5836, E-ISSN 1878-0148, Vol. 130, article id 104008Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Integrating CO2 capture with biomass/waste fired combined heat and power (CHP) plants is a promising method to achieve negative emissions. However, the use of versatile biomass/waste and the dynamic operation of CHP plants result in bigger fluctuations in the properties of flue gas (FG), e.g. CO2 concentration (CO2vol%) and flowrates, and the heat that can be used for CO2 capture, when comparing with coal fired power plants. To address such a challenge, dynamic modelling is essential to accurately estimate the amount of captured CO2 and optimize the operation of CO2 capture. This paper compares three dynamic approaches commonly used in literature, namely using the ideal static model (IST) and using dynamic models without control (Dw/oC) and with control (DwC), for MEA based chemical absorption CO2 capture. The performance of approaches is assessed under the variations of key factors, including the flowrate and CO2vol% of FG, and the available heat for CO2 capture. Simulation results show clear differences. For example, when the CO2vol% drops from 15.7 % to 9.7 % (about 38 %) within 4 hours, DwC gives the highest amount of captured CO2, which is 7.3 % and 22.3 % higher than IST and Dw/oC, respectively. It is also found that the time step size has a clear impact on the CO2 capture amount, especially for DwC. Based on the results, suggestions are also provided regarding the selection of dynamic modelling approaches for different purposes of simulations.

  • 41.
    Ericson, Eva
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Lindmark, Johan
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology. KTH.
    A simplified model for anaerobic digestion of solid waste using real data from a full-scale biogas plant2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Ericson, Eva
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology. KTH.
    Exploring the possibility of using a simple neural network for the prediction of biogas production of a solid waste digester2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Freidank, Tim
    et al.
    Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
    Drescher-Hartung, Silvia
    Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
    Behnsen, Andreas
    Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
    Lindmark, Johan
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Klintenberg, Patrik
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Ahrens, Thorsten
    Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
    MIDTERM OUTPUT REPORT – PILOT B IN SWEDEN2014Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 44.
    Guziana, Bozena
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Lindmark, Johan
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Belous, Olga
    Klaipeda University.
    den Boer, Emilia
    Institute of Environment Protection Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology.
    MANUAL FOR SORTING OF WASTE FOR WASTE-TO-ENERGY SYSTEMS2011Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Download full text (pdf)
    REMOWE_manual_sorting_waste
  • 45.
    Guziana, Bozena
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Song, Han
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Daianova, Lilia
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    SCENARIOS FOR WASTE-TO-ENERGY USE - SWEDISH PERSPECTIVE.2011Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of waste for energy purposes becomes increasingly interesting both with respect to waste management and for the energy systems. The decisions on alternative uses of waste for energy are mainly influenced by different policies, waste management, energy supply and use, as well as technologies. Two important issues, namely, a clear priority of waste prevention in waste management within EU and the growing concern for food losses and food waste at global and at national level, shall be carefully considered and addressed. This paper proposes scenarios for waste to energy systems with focus on Sweden and with a broader EU approach is applied: Biofuels Sweden, Electric vehicles and Bioenergy Europe. As baseline for the scenario development inventory of waste-to-energy related policies and goals on international, national, regional and local level as well as inventory of existing scenarios and reports with future trends is made. A low waste availability level is recommended to be included in sensitivity analysis for scenarios.

  • 46.
    Guziana, Bozena
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Song, Han
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Policy Based Scenarios for Waste-to-Energy Use: Swedish Perspective2014In: Waste and Biomass Valorization, ISSN 1877-2641, Vol. 5, no 4, p. 679-688Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of waste for energy purposes becomes increasingly interesting with respect to waste management and the energy systems. The decisions on alternative uses of waste for energy are mainly influenced by different policies, waste management, energy supply and use, as well as technologies. Two important issues, namely, a clear priority of waste prevention in waste management within EU and the growing concern for food losses and food waste at global and national level, shall be carefully considered and addressed. This paper proposes policy based scenarios for waste-to-energy systems with a focus on Sweden and with a broader EU approach. As baseline for the scenario development an inventory of waste-to-energy related policies and goals on international, national, regional and local level as well as inventory of existing scenarios and reports with future trends is made. The main substitute for fossil fuels and the possibilities for renewable energy export are basic elements that define scenarios. Biofuels and electricity are identified as main substitutes for the fossil fuels. A low waste availability level is recommended to be included in sensitivity analysis for scenarios. This paper assumes relative decoupling in Low Waste scenario in 2030, and absolute decoupling first in 2050.

  • 47.
    Guziana, Bozena
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Song, Han
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Waste-to-energy in a Polish perspective2012Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

     Energy recovery from waste becomes increasingly interesting both with respect to waste management and for the sustainable energy supply. The REMOWE (Regional Mobilizing of Sustainable Waste-to-Energy Production) project, seeks to facilitate the implementation of sustainable systems for waste-to-energy in the project regions. Based on investigations done within the REMOWE project this paper discusses increased waste-to-energy utilization in Poland with focus on a comparison with the current state in Sweden. There are big differences between Sweden and Poland, and between Lower Silesia Voivodship in Poland and Västmanland County in Sweden. The REMOWE project through its outputs and discussions during meetings support transfer of technology, knowledge and best practice. Procedural justice and early involvement of public can increase social acceptance and successful implementation of projects regarding incineration, biogas production and separate collection of biodegradable waste.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Wastetoenergy.Polishperspective
  • 48.
    Hakalehto, E.
    et al.
    University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Heitto, A.
    University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Andersson, Henny
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Lindmark, Johan
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Jansson, Joakim
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Reijonen, T.
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.
    Suhonen, A.
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.
    Jääskeläinen, A.
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.
    Laatikainen, R.
    University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
    Schwede, Sebastian
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Klintenberg, Patrik
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Some remarks on processing of slaughterhouse wastes from ecological chicken abattoir and farm2016In: Microbiological Industrial Hygiene, Nova Science Publishers, Inc. , 2016, p. 271-293Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the meat industries, it is always of high importance to follow up the zoonotic and other hazardous micro-organisms, and to prevent their risky distribution, emission and dissemination. Besides proper hygiene control, as well as organized exploitation of the side streams and slaughterhouse wastes helps in the hygienization of the biomasses, processes, and the entire industry. During this experimentation it turned out that it was possible to produce gases and chemical goods, not only from the carboxylates, but also from the more tedious protein and lipid containing wastes. Moreover, these promising results were obtained from a substrate mix with manure and wood chips. These results implied to the high versatility and flexibility of the bioprocess during Pilot A tests within the European Union Baltic Sea region project ABOWE. In Sweden these tests were carried out using the combined wastes from the ecological chicken farm and abattoir as the raw materials. This is a report of the practical set up during intensive experimentation conducted jointly by the Swedish and Finnish personnel. The report of the runs in Sweden is presented also in the public report of the European Union funded project (www.abowe.eu).

  • 49.
    Han, Song
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Bozena, Guziana
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Guilnaz, Mirmoshtaghi
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Eva, Thorin
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology. KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    WASTE-TO-ENERGY SCENARIOS ANALYSIS BASED ON ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN SWEDEN2012Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Energy recovery from waste treatment is of great significance for the waste management and sustainable energy supply. Sweden has proposed an ambitious vision of zero net greenhouse gases emissions by 2050, which makes most possible use of resources that the waste represents necessary. This paper is to study how the waste-to-energy (WtE) can interact with other forms of renewable energy to affect the energy supply and demand in Sweden. Based on an assumption of waste generation-treatment balance in 2050 with two cases, power preference and motor fuels preference, are investigated under diverse WtE scenarios. The results indicate that WtE production can contribute to the primary energy supply by 38 to 186 TWh, amounting to 6% to 47% of the total. The power production can be ranged from 7 to 35 TWh and motor fuels from 2 to 34 TWh through under different WtE scenarios. Furthermore, the final mitigation of CO2 emission is estimated to be from 1 to 12 Mt in 2050 compared to base year of 2010, really depending on which WtE scenario is considered.

  • 50.
    Han, Song
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Eva, Thorin
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Bozena, Guziana
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    Tuomas, Huopana
    University of Eastern Finland.
    Jinyue, Yan
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
    A dynamic model to optimize a regional energy system with waste and crops as energy resources for greenhouse gases mitigation2012In: Energy, ISSN 0360-5442, E-ISSN 1873-6785, Vol. 46, no 1, p. 522-532Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A dynamic model of a regional energy system has been developed to support sustainable waste treatmentwith greenhouse gases (GHG) mitigation, addressing the possibility for development towardsa regional fossil fuel-free society between 2011 and 2030. The model is based on conventional mixedinteger linear programming (MILP) techniques to minimize the total cost of regional energy systems. TheCO2 emission component in the developed model includes both fossil and biogenic origins whenconsidering waste, fossil fuels and other renewable sources for energy production. A case study for thecounty of Västmanland in central Sweden is performed to demonstrate the applicability of the developedMILP model in five distinct scenarios. The results show significant potential for mitigating CO2 emissionby gradually replacing fossil fuels with different renewable energy sources. The MILP model can be usefulfor providing strategies for treating wastes sustainably and mitigating GHG emissions in a regionalenergy system, which can function as decision bases for formulating GHG reduction policies andassessing the associated economic implications.

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