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To stay competitive, manufacturing companies are developing towards Smart Production which requires the use of digital technologies. However, there is a lack of guidance supporting manufacturing companies in selecting and integrating a combination of suitable digital technologies, which is required for Smart Production. To address this gap, the purpose of this paper is twofold: (i) to identify the main challenges of selecting and integrating digital technologies for Smart Production, and (ii) to propose a holistic concept to support manufacturing companies in mitigating identified challenges in order to select and integrate a combination of digital technologies for Smart Production. This is accomplished by using a qualitative-based multiple case study design. This paper identifies current challenges related to selection and integration of digital technologies. To overcome these challenges and achieve Smart production, the concept of data value chain was proposed, i.e., a holistic approach to systematically map and improve data flows within the production system. © 2022, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.

Municipal companies are important actors in the pursuit of the Agenda 2030 goals and are often formally obliged by their owners to work in this direction. This has however shown to be quite challenging, and managers lack knowledge about how to develop new ways of organizing to meet such responsibilities. The aim of this article is therefore to understand how the work of a top management team in meetings affects the accomplishment of broad responsibility. The analysis, which is underpinned by a communicative constitution of organizing (CCO) perspective, shows how the way specific communicative practices (agendas, minutes, timeslots, turn-taking, and stakeholder voicing) are enacted leads to the re-production of parts of the organization at the expense of the whole, the present at the expense of the future, and profit at the expense of the other dimensions of sustainability. This study contributes to the literature on public management by showing how communicative practices enacted in meetings make certain concerns present and others absent, thereby creating the conditions for the accomplishment of broad responsibility.

Problem:

proAros har en idébank som är framarbetad av utvecklingsenheten för att främja idégenerering och nytänkande inom organisationen. Problemet är att idébanken inte används av de anställda. Hemsidan har blivit marknadsförd, men ändå verkar ingen använda sidan för att lämna sina idéer. Under studien framkommer det att många av de anställda inte vet om idébankens existens och att en bristande kommunikation råder inom hela organisationen.

Syfte:

Syftet med denna uppsats är att få svar på frågan varför idébanken inte används av de anställda inom proAros samt hur man kan lösa de kommunikativa hinder som uppstår vid informationsspridning inom organisationen.

Metod:

De metoder som används i denna uppsats är dels kvalitativa intervjuer men även kvantitativa enkätundersökningar bland anställda inom proAros. Blandningen av djupgående intervjuer och enkäter har sedan lett till slutresultatet. Vi har även använt oss av benchmarking, då vi besökt en annan organisation och där intervjuat en person, för att sedan jämföra deras system med proAros eget.

Slutsats:

proAros intranät är en databas som ska användas och vara tillgänglig för alla anställda inom proAros organisation, även idébanken ligger i anslutning till intranätet och nås via intranätets förstasida. Vår studie har visat att alla anställda inte har tillgång till intranätet samt att både intranätet och idébanken trots sin enkelhet kan vara svåra att manövrera. De anställda inom organisationen har heller inget behov av att använda sig av intranätet eller idébanken i sitt dagliga arbete. Vår slutsats är att för att få ett fungerande intranät och en fungerande idébank måste ett behov skapas hos de anställda för att i sitt vardagliga arbete besöka både intranätet och idébanken.

Slutsatsen i praktiken:

proAros ledare kan använda sig av de slutsatser som framkommit i uppsatsen för att förbättra och utveckla idébanken samt kommunikationen i organisationen.

The purpose of this study is to find out if the deaf and hard of hearing community is in need of dynamic subtitles. Subtitles today are quite flat and seldom creative or expressive. Therefore a survey was formed to ask the deaf and hard of hearing community, their opinion on the matter. During the survey the participants were asked a number of questions concerning the matter. The questions composed of polls and areas where they could answer openly. At first the participants seemed to agree with the planned changes.

The idea of this study came to me while I was creating a movie of my own. In the interest of conveying fast expressive comedy, rapid dynamic verbatim subtitles were formed in order to deliver the jokes and puns right on cue.

Contrary to research and my own predictions, the deaf and hard of hearing community did not however favor that sort of dynamic verbatim subtitles. The pace was too fast and they didn't have time to read it. Even though former research have proved verbatim subtitles to be preferred throughout the community.

The digitalisation of public services involves not only the transformation of the relationship between public service providers and clients, but also the transformation of public administration work. While most studies of digitalisation of the public sector have focused on the practical outcomes for the quality of public services and the quality of public administration work, none have unpacked , or theorised, how these changes actually come about in practice. This paper fills this gap by drawing on a study of the in-house adaptation of a digital automation tool (an RPA) by a Swedish local authority. In the article, we pay attention to what we, inspired by Donna Haraway and Lucy Suchman, call ‘configuring work’, i.e. the weaving together of the affordances of the technology, materials, discourses, roles and power structures. The contribution of the paper is two-fold. First, the paper demonstrates empirically how the digitalisation of a public service took place through an emergent, relational process that involved both the social and the material. Second, by adopting the the idea of ‘configuring work’ and paying attention to the effects of this, we show that the digitalisation process was successively shaped by the particular vested interests, ethics, discourses and the algorithmic materialities that comprised it. This helps us discuss the reason for why, in extant literature, digitalisation threatens the professional autonomy of the public administrators as well as why it may reduce service quality. Finally, we suggest how some of these issues may be addressed in future research.

There are lots of studies that show that text and image integration is good for learning and understanding. But to simply add some images to a text material or vice versa, does not ensure improvement. How can text and image interact from a cognitive theoretical perspective in a product to increase the understanding of functions in a complex system? This is the question that I have asked myself in this study and limited my analysis to a brochure about the intern system PERFEKT. The brochure is made by Tjeders who manufactures and markets components in areas such as healthcare. The purpose of the study is to make the brochure more understandable and to clarify information about product features. To do this, I have used literary studies, conducted telephone interviews with the target audience and made a text and image analysis. Based on the methods and the theoretical framework I have designed a new brochure, made proposals of a coherent picture mannerisms, produced a new text written in the text binding theme-rheme as well as working with text and images in the collaboration. Conclusions of this work is that knowledge of the target audience can lead to a better understanding of what information they want. The irrelevant information decreased by adapting the information to the target audience, which is good for our limited working memory. By using theme-rheme in the text, the reader can wander into the text step by step, which also reduces strain on the memory. By interacting text and picture and connecting the two modalities together, the information conveyed is better understood. One of the methods to interact both modalities that I have applied in my design result is: integration.

The main concern of this licentiate thesis is to discuss how built space is used for communication in the manufacturing industry, from a visual communication perspective. The thesis presents and develops the notion of 'communication space' and presents a model to describe the relation between different factors in the communication space.

In a multiple case study, six different cases from the manufacturing industry are described and analyzed to highlight how built space is used for communication in a lean production context. Research results on how built spaces such as improvement places, meeting places and a development workshop affect improvement processes and communication are presented. What the studied improvement areas, meeting places and workshop can be said to communicate about the improvement processes is analyzed.

The research results show that the built spaces in manufacturing industry are used for communication on two levels, both as places for interaction between employees and as a part of a communication process. The study also shows a relation between architecture from a specific time and the relation to the improvement work in the industrial context. How the results can be used to facilitate communication in the built spaces used for improvement processes in manufacturing industry is suggested in the thesis.

In this paper we report on an attempt to let students, companies, and organisations themselves discover the kinds of technologies that could be useful when co-producing knowledge in a Master’s-level course in innovation and design. Traditionally, and for various good reasons such as security and stability, universities have had certain online tools and systems for collaboration, while companies and municipalities have had others. These systems support internal communication within organisations but do not necessarily enhance communication with external contacts. This use of different systems creates barriers to the iterative, recurring, convenient, non-hierarchical, and open online collaboration needed in an innovative design process involving multiple stakeholders. During a ten-week Master’s-level course in innovation and design in 2016 and 2017 the 38 students divided into five project groups established contact with five companies and organisations and could choose their own online tools in dialogue with them. This paper presents the students’ and organisations’ emerging practices during the process based on observations and reflective evaluations conducted during and after the course. The results are discussed in light of how socio-material assemblages formed in this special setting and how the results might be used to improve the teaching of online literacy in design collaboration. The result indicates that for co-production of knowledge in innovation and design projects, three new social media literacies would be useful: meta communication, peak performance, and design awareness.

Social norms have been investigated across many disciplines for many years, but until recently, studies mainly provided indirect, implicit and correlational support for the role of social norms in driving behaviour. To understand how social norms, and in particular social norm change, can generate a large-scale behavioural change to deal with some of the most pressing challenges of our current societies, such as climate change and vaccine hesitancy, we discuss and review several recent advances in social norm research that enable a more precise underpinning of the role of social norms: how to identify their existence, how to establish their causal effect on behaviour and when norm change may pass tipping points. We advocate future research on social norms to study norm change through a mechanism-based approach that integrates experimental and computational methods in theory-driven, empirically calibrated agent-based models. As such, social norm research may move beyond unequivocal praising of social norms as the missing link between self-interested behaviour and observed cooperation or as the explanation for (the lack of) social tipping. It provides the toolkit to understand explicitly where, when and how social norms can be a solution to solve large-scale problems, but also to recognize their limits.This article is part of the theme issue 'Emergent phenomena in complex physical and socio-technical systems: from cells to societies'.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the words and phrases that occur when suppression techniques are used on the social media Facebook. Quantitative and qualitative methods have been used to investigate how men and women between the ages of 25-65 have been exposed to suppression techniques ridicule, the infliction of guilt and shame, and the violence and threat of violence. The result shows that women are more often exposed to the suppression techniques than men. The suppression technique ridiculous is the most prevalent technique and downgrading is the category of characteristics of inappropriate language use that occurs most frequently. The conclusions that can be drawn from the survey are that women are still the ones who are most often exposed to suppression techniques and that younger people express rougher words and expressions when they use suppression techniques on Facebook.

Syftet med undersökningen var att undersöka hur reklamannonser för skönhetsprodukter ser ut för två olika målgrupper: män och kvinnor. För att undersöka detta har jag analyserat utformningen hos skönhetsannonser i modemagasinen Elle och Café. Elle riktar sig till kvinnor och Café till män. Undersökningen visar att samtliga annonser är målgruppsanpassade och har likartade visuella- och skriftliga element. Annonserna för kvinnor har dock fler sambandsmarkörer, närmare avstånd till avbildade/företag och en mer exakt färg- och detaljåtergivning i bilder. Annonserna riktade till män innehåller istället fler och tydligare markörer för avgränsning, ett längre avstånd till avbildad/företag och många handlande processtyper och aktörer. Resultatet kan indikera att kvinnor framställs som mer samarbetsvilliga, relationsorienterade, intima och realistiska. Män framställs istället som självständiga, handlingskraftiga och kanske något risktagande. 

Source criticism and information literacy is a major part of the knowledge and skills needed in a digital era and therefore an important component in the revise of the Swedish curriculum of the compulsory school (Skolverket, 2018a) that targets the digitalization of the Swedish school system. Thus’, previous studies show that less education is provided for pupils in compulsory school in the subject of source criticism and information literacy, than in any other grade. The purpose of this study is to get additional insight in the education of source criticism and information literacy in compulsory school. We chose to study the teachers’ interpretations of the subject and how they implement the subject into their own classroom. Therefore, we have chosen a qualitative approach with a pragmatic perspective. Through a survey and multiple semi-structured interviews, we have been able to inquire about the reasonings of 38 compulsory school teachers. The teachers in this study view source criticism and information literacy as a natural part of their daily teaching and as an important societal based knowledge or ability in a digital society. A subject that is both important to introduce in pre-school and should be included in every school subject. Yet the teachers express a need for competence development as a result of an uncertainty with the didactic features of the pupils’ education. Factual texts and discussions held with the whole class, in the classroom, is therefore the most common approach regardless of grade. The school library is not seen as a resource for learning about source criticism and information literacy. The subject tends to get lower priority compared to other subjects due to the lack of time in both planning and teaching-hours and also due to the lack of digital tools available.

If the use of meteorological data has progressively expanded in tackling different sources of risk, less developed is by contrast a reflection on how meteorological systems apply in local contexts and to what extent that locality may affect the use and the content of forecasting recipients. By focusing on a wildfire forecasting, I show how forecasting practice cannot be reduced to the implementation of meteorological devices; it rather takes shape in the articulation between the technical device and different sources of knowledge – tacit, practical and ‘profane’. This articulation work, this study gives account of, reveals some specific challenges in the introduction of forecasting systems in risk management.

Welfare technologies (WT) for older people is a rapidly expanding sector that offers a way to tackle the challenge of an aging population. Despite their promise in terms of advances in care services and financial savings, their use is still limited. Their design and implementation remain problematic, as they require changes in working practices through coordination among a multiplicity of actors. In order to address these challenges, the need for change is often expressed in terms of a lack of working methods appropriate to their scope. This has led to a proliferation of different toolkits, guidelines, models, etc.; however, these methods often imply a linear understanding of an implementation project and thus fail to take into consideration the emergent and situated character of the processes that lead up to the adoption of welfare. The aim of this article is to propose an alternative means of providing support for the introduction of these technologies by initiating a process for organizational change. The term "change" is understood here as something that is produced by practitioners-in collaboration with researchers-and not brought by researchers to practitioners. To this end, using the tradition of intervention research as inspiration, a learning process at the crossroads of different practices and objects was initiated. The center of attention of this article' is the sociomaterial process by which different communities of practitioners interact on the co-creation of a checklist. This is a new working method in which the focus is not the artifact in itself but how it emerges through successive interactions and iterations among different objects, practitioners and researchers, resulting in a joint sociomaterial process that reconfigures power relations and the work objective associated with WT. In other words, a new working method artifact is developed in a process in which practitioners, researchers and contextual objects interact and become one with each another.

Public trust in government institutions has many societal benefits: Institutions increase their efficiency due to decreased transaction costs and timesaving, while the general public enjoy living in democratic, safe and civilized societies. This trust is primarily affected by the general public’s expectations and perception of how institutions conduct their operative activities. One way to influence trust is through information about institutions’ operational activities. That’s the background that laid the foundation of this study’s purpose: To investigate how credibility can be conveyed through text in interaction with image and graphic form in governmental institutions’ external information campaigns, in order to reenforce their ethos. 

In order to fulfil the study’s purpose, a specific case has been investigated – the Swedish Police authority’s communication. The results of the study were derived from comparing the Police Authority’s existing information material being compared and tested towards existent theories and previous research within classic rhetoric, plain language and text in interaction with image and graphic form. A design proposal was drawn up from the results of the study, which contains information about the police authority’s operative activities. It was developed through an iterative design process and resulted in a campaign concept “Vad är det som har hänt?” which informs about how far the police authority has come in their work during year 2020, with the goals set for the time period 2020–2024. 

The result has indicated that when the sender possesses the ability to express logos and pathos, the sender has the potential to convey credibility, in order to reenforce ethos: Some of the most prominent discoveries were about wording and sentence construction needing to be based on concretion in order to clarify what exactly is meant, for example by addressing the reader directly, making it clear who the sender is and the usage of active verbs. Technical terms should be used and clarified, in order to clearly convey what the Authority’s tasks and functions consist of. Using informative rhetoric questions as rubrics should be used in order to further clarify the content of the body texts. The image motifs should create moderately positive emotions, but also always and in a clear way synergize with text in order to clarify the message. The logotype should always be included, in order to clarify who the sender is. The graphic form should be based on functional purposes. The sender should also be made visible though font and color choices, based on the graphic profile – if readability is not adversely affected. 

The environment is impacted in a negative way when food waste is commingled with other waste from the household. Still, the latest statistics show that only 25,5 % of the food waste from Swedish households is sorted out. This seems to be caused by a negative attitude among other things, and can indicate a need for convincing information about the importance of sorting out. Therefor, Eskilstuna Strängnäs Energi & Miljö requested a material meant to motivate residents to change their attitude.

The study’s purpose was to find out how information about sorting out food waste can be formed to make a positive impact on the receiver’s attitude. The study emanated from theories within rhetoric, message strategies and human centered design, which along with empirical data became the foundation for a design proposal. Empirical data was collected through four methods: an interview with a expert within the subject to frame the problem, a rhetorical text analysis to discuss if existing information have contributed to that the problem still remain, a questionnaire survey to define the target group’s information need, attitude and preferred medium, and two evaluative tests to examine if the design proposal had the intended impact. Through this, multiple conclusions could be drawn. For instance that a combined message strategy, metaphors, images and addressing the reader as “you” can have a positive impact on the receiver’s attitude, by which a final design was created.

The purpose of this thesis has been to increase the availability the exhibition text at Eskilstuna Art Museum to make it easier for the target group to read and understand them. To get answers to my questions, I have studied relevant theories and methods, including textual analysis of the current exhibition texts. In my work, I have used the principles of the concept “easy to read” but also considered the problems with this tool when I made my prototype. After my studies, I noted that both the content and design needed to be changed to fulfill better legibility, readability and reading value.

In November 2010, The Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting) distributed a survey where 53 % of the responding municipalities declared that they use Twitter. Out of the municipalities that declared they did not use social media, 49 % answered that they were planning on using it but that they had not gotten started. The purpose with social media was primarily declared to be maintaining dialogue with citizens and a channel for information.

The informal “twittersphere” is a new environment for the conventionally formal government communication, and with it comes an entirely new set of demands on the style and content of texts, compared to other media. The purpose of my work was to present a style proposal for the public sector’s communication on Twitter, with the help of theory and empirical data.

My methods consisted of text analysis and qualitative interviews. I analyzed eight selected municipalities on Twitter and interviewed four informants who held different perspectives on the subject, to get a deeper understanding. Chosen topics in both methods were e.g. formality, address, dialogue and visibility of the writer. 

The analysis results showed that the municipalities were neither present, personal, nor inviting – and my conclusion was that they therefore did not strive for dialogue, at least not on Twitter. The interviews focused mainly on how the municipalities should use Twitter, and what surfaced in the interviews took great part in my style proposal and the accompanying guidelines.

From the results of both methods, I created a style proposal consisting of 20 tweets, that formed a tweet style, along with a set of guidelines for good civil-servant tweeting. The style I’m presenting tries to address the purpose of dialogue in a better, more suitable way, by being personal, engaged, present and clear.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the challenges of developing information literacy (IL) competencies and approaches to overcome the challenges among library and information science (LIS) students in Iran. Design/methodology/approach: Taking an exploratory approach, the study used semi-structured interviews to gather the data. Using the 2000 ACRL standards as a framework, the fieldwork questions were designed around the five areas of IL competencies. A total of 15 academics teaching 18 different LIS courses from six universities were interviewed. They were asked the challenges they faced in teaching these competencies and the approaches they took or suggested in overcoming the challenge(s). A thematic approach was used to analyze the data. Findings: Some of the challenges for students mentioned by the interviewees were ambiguity about the discipline, inability to match subject relevance with appropriate sources of information and lack of familiarity with databases. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to LIS academics; studying students’ reflections can bring broader perspectives to IL education in LIS programs. Owing to the nature of the design of this study, which is a single case study, the teaching experiences of IL are limited to the ones which emerged and were addressed in the context of the case. Although the case selection was made in a way that can be representative of the “general” in the “particular” bounded system of the case (Stake, 1998), studying more cases could certainly have brought broader perspectives to IL which could have been to wider contexts. Originality/value: The results of this study contribute to our understanding of challenges in teaching IL in the LIS discipline, an area that has not been researched directly. This contributes to IL teaching in disciplinary areas and it brings new perspectives to the elements of IL teaching which emerged from the experiences of people who are directly experienced in the context of the discipline. 

The book gives up-to-date, multi-aspect exposition of the philosophy and methodology of information, and related areas within the nascent field of the study of information. It presents the most recent achievements, ideas and opinions of leading researchers in this domain, as well as from physicists, biologists and social scientists. Collaboration of researchers from different areas and fields opens new perspectives for the understanding of information essential in the innovative development of science, technology and society.

The book is meant for readers conducting research into any aspect of information, information society and information technology. The ideas presented give new insights for those who develop or implement scientific, technological or social applications. They are especially for those who are participating in setting the goals for science in general and sciences of information in particular.

This study is a bachelor thesis in the field of Information design with focus on Text design. It aims to investigate ways of using text to enhance and clarify the picture-based communication on Instagram. Svenskt barnbildarkiv (SBBA) is a unique and ever growing achive exclusively for drawings and other pictures made by children aged 0–20 years. The archive is important for the preservation of children’s cultural heritage. It does also make up a valuable primary source for researchers of any kind, and can be used for purposes like primary school education. If only the possible users would know of the archive and its possibilities. Hence the design problem: How do SBBA communicate to reach and interest new users? 

This study is limited to the use of Instagram, which is one of the digital communication channels used by SBBA. Their existing account on Instagramhas few followers and low interaction with users. This study uses theories within semiotics, communication theory, visual perception and research on the relation between text and images to design new, alternative ways for SBBA to communicate efficiently. The focus is to catch the attention and interest of the target groups via Instagram. The methods used to design the final prototype are interviews, participatory design, external analysis and prototype testing. The design proposal uses textual language in pictures in interplay with photos of children’s drawings. It also includes contextual details and the physical archive’s environment to catch the interest of the target groups. The results shows that unfamiliar and surprising pictures are effective in catching the user’s eye, and that text helps to add necessary information to retain and engage an interested user. 

I denna studie studeras klarspråk och malltexter i tre beslutsbrev om överklagan av kontrollavgift från Stadsbyggnadsförvaltningen i Eskilstuna kommun. Syftet med studien är att främja läsbarheten för mottagarna och att förenkla och kvalitetssäkra klarspråksarbetet i Eskilstuna kommun genom att förändra beslutsbrevens utformning.De metoder som använts är textanalys i form av en läsbarhetsanalys och Klarspråkstestet och en kvalitativ intervju med en handläggare på Stadsbyggnadsförvaltningen. Med textanalyserna har jag undersökt hur de befintliga breven är utformade utifrån begreppen klarspråk och läsbarhet. Genom intervjun kunde jag undersöka hur en handläggare på Stadsbyggnadsförvaltningen arbetar med beslutsbreven och hur hen resonerade kring språkanvändning när beslutsbreven skrivs.Utifrån mitt resultat och gällande riktlinjer och principer för klarspråk har jag skapat tre nya beslutsbrev. Beslutsbreven har utformats efter mottagarens behov vilket lett till en förändrad stil i tilltal, disposition, ordval, meningar och rubriksättning för ökad begriplighet. Breven ligger dessutom till grund för ett sammanfattande dokument som är en sammanställning av de förändringar som genomförts. Målet är att de nya breven tillsammans med dokumentet ska motivera och inspirera handläggarna på Stadsbyggnadsförvaltningen till ett fortsatt arbete med klarspråk.

The purpose of this thesis was to explore what factors make technical communication accessible and easily understandable. The thesis would result in a readable cheat sheet, made for users of a new CMS system.

The work was made in collaboration with Telia. The company is looking over its information systems to implement a so-called PIM system (Product Information Management) in the near future. The CMS system will be a part of that system and the change of process will also lead to changes in the work procedures and tasks of the personnel at Telia.

To solve this problem, I made an interview with a focus group and a questionnaire amongst the target group. I asked myself what technical communication could contribute to in the making of instructional material and also in what purposes you read that type of material.

With these methods, and of course the theory of this thesis, in mind I produced a prototype of what the cheat sheet would look like. I also tested the cheat sheet at my target group, to get their opinion on the material to make the appropriate improvements.

Sammanfattning

Bakgrund: Tjeders är ett anrikt företag i Malmköping som tillverkar larm och signalutrustning. I dagsläge känner Tjeders att deras varor och tjänster befinner sig i en slutfas i produktionscykeln, där vinsterna tas hem. Detta leder till att nya produkter och tjänster bör utvecklas.

Metoden: Examensarbete har präglats av ett hermeneutiskt synsätt och en kvalitativ metodik. Teorin grundar sig i litteraturstudier och empirin på öppenriktade intervjuer samt omvärldsanalys i form av mediascanning. Den praktiska metoden har följt TAIDA, vilket är en övergripande modell för hur scenarioplanering sker.

Diskussionen: I diskussionen sammanställs teorin med empirin där behandlas resonemangen om hur Tjeders ska gå vidare med de framkomna scenariona samt förslag kring handlade utifrån dessa.

Resultatet: Examensarbete har resulterat i två scenariokors som behandlar teknik och marknad, scenariokorsen konstruerades genom en kreativ process där det insamlade materialet bearbetades. Detta är också detta examensarbetes innovationsbidrag.

Empirin: Empiridata är grundad på personliga intervjuer och mediascanning. Under denna del tas också upp hantering av LOU och en kortare redogörelse för denna.

Syftet: Syftet med examensarbete är att skapa några olika framtidsbeskrivningar kring teknik och marknad med relevans för Tjeders AB. Examensarbetet ska utmynna i två olika scenariokors som kan fungera som redskap i Tjeders strategiska arbete.

Febrile seizures are a condition in children that presents dramatically, which can generate in strong feelings both for the child as well as for guardians. Today, there is no information about febrile seizures that is provided to the childs guardians for preventive purposes in Eskilstuna. This is because the guidelines that the Child Care Center have, are more focused on other areas regarding child care. Sweden’s county and regions – SKR, strive to develop healthcare with the patient in focus. Their goal with primay care, which includes the Child Care Center, is to be preventive, proactive and generate a feeling of safety. Therefore, this study strives to investigate how the Child Care Center works today. Also what kind of information materials that work and do not work and how the target group acts and how they feel regarding this subject, and last, at what time the information should be communicated to benefit the child’s guardians. The study that has been done, indicates that the target group has only little knowledge about febrile seizures but a desire to recieve information about it. From the Child Care Center’s perspective, there seems to be an understanding of the target groups needs and wishes. This study highlights theories such as Human-centered Design, visual communication, text and image in collaboration and rhetoric on which the final design, together with empirical data from interviews, is based on. At the end of the study, a design proposal in the shape of an app and a conclusion to the research questions are presented.

Keywords: Febrile seizures, care information, proactivity, safety, information design, rhetoric, text and image in collaboration, user friendly design

Cross-cultural studies have found national differences in how concerned people are about online privacy. However, it has not yet been settled what causes this variation, and several factors have been proposed in the literature, including internet habituation, individualism, and uncertainty avoidance. Here we investigate these factors by two studies. In the first, we examine the association between online privacy concerns and a new measure of online self-disclosure norms that we introduce. We find that this measure is significantly associated with two established instruments of online privacy concerns in the literature. In the second, we analyze previously unpublished data from a questionnaire on online self-disclosure norms as assessed by this new measure. It includes replies from 18,046 adult respondents from 57 countries and six continents. We find that norms in favor of more restrictive online self-disclosure are weaker in countries with higher levels of internet penetration (r = −0.56, p < .001). Our findings suggest that higher internet penetration in a country reduces online privacy concerns. The results support the idea that habituation to online environments decreases privacy risk perceptions. An implication is that preferences for online privacy are likely to decline over time in countries where internet penetration is still low. Lastly, in conflict with previous studies, our analyses do not support the theory that online privacy concerns are associated with national cultures related to individualism or uncertainty avoidance as measured by Hofstede's indices. 

The purpose of this Bachelor thesis forInformation Design is to create a graphic language profile and a new news template for Bokförlaget Langenskiöld. The study focuses on how using multimodality, visual hierarchy, voice, imagery and value words and/or value sentences creates clear and effective communication.The study consisted of:analyses of four newsletters from the book publisher, an analysis on a newsletter from Boktugg.se, a comparative analysis, qualitative interviews, a digital survey and tests of the new news template.Conclusions drawn from this study prove a graphic language profile can be used in creating external communication. With coherent guidelines communication can be made unified and clear.

I den här uppsatsen har jag analyserat tre tidningsartiklar från herrtidningen Moore, och tre tidningsartiklar från tjejtidningen Solo. Jag har analyserat en artikel i varje nummer, så totalt har jag använt sex tidningar. Utöver artiklarna har jag också analyserat två av tidningarnas omslag. Efter analyserna har jag gjort jämförelser mellan de båda tidningarnas artiklar och omslag för att se om det går att påvisa några skillnader, men även likheter.     Min avsikt med att göra det här var att bevisa vetenskapligt att skillnader finns i tidningarnas informationsdesign, alltså deras bilder, texter och layout. Jag har analyserat artiklarna efter en ganska strikt modell, men även tagit mig friheten att välja bort eller lägga till vissa element i modellen beroende på vilken sorts artikel jag analyserat.    Efter mitt arbete har jag upptäckt att flera bevisningsbara skillnader föreligger, men även att artiklarna och omslagen har gemensamma drag på flera plan. Några av skillnaderna var till exempel att Moores artiklar ofta var mer ironiska, sarkastiska och även mer slangartade och med visst innehåll av ”fult språk”. Omslaget visade sig också vara mer aggressivt i sina färgskalor, i den mån att färgerna var mer mättade än på Solos omslag. Att en tydlig ämnesskillnad föreligger i textpuffarna på omslaget är också tydligt. Denna ämnesskillnad tycks vara målgruppsberoende, då tidningarna har två helt olika målgrupper.    De likheter jag har funnit är främst på textuell nivå. Procentantalet långa ord är till exempel ofta nästan identiskt mellan flera av de jämförda artiklarna.

This article explores whether GTS (gaze time on screen) can be useful as an engagement measure in the screen mediated learning context. Research that exemplifies ways of measuring engagement in the on-line education context usually does not address engagement metrics and engagement evaluation methods that are unique to the diverse contemporary instructional media landscape. Nevertheless, unambiguous construct definitions of engagement and standardized engagement evaluation methods are needed to leverage instructional media's efficacy. By analyzing the results from a mixed methods eye-tracking study of fifty-seven participants evaluating their visual and assembly performance levels in relation to three visual, procedural instructions that are versions of the same procedural instruction, we found that the mean GTS-values in each group were rather similar. However, the original GTS-values outputted from the ET-computer were not entirely correct and needed to be manually checked and cross validated. Thus, GTS appears not to be a reliable, universally applicable automatic engagement measure in screen-based instructional efforts. Still, we could establish that the overall performance of learners was somewhat negatively impacted by lower than mean GTS-scores, when checking the performance levels of the entire group (N = 57). When checking the stimuli groups individually (N = 17, 20, 20), the structural diagram group's assembly time durations were positively influenced by higher than mean GTS-scores. 

As pointed out already by the French philosopher Dennis Diderot in the late 18th century, sight is a very efficient and elegant sense (Diderot, 1749). It is possible to see great distances and very close-up views. By looking, we can quickly get an idea of an environment or a specific milieu. Through pictures on the Internet, nonfiction books, storybooks for children or magazines, we get information about, for example, different parts of the world or fashion. Sight is used to orient us in many different ways, socially and geographically. It is possible to perceive space entirely from vision, but it could be apprehended from haptic experience as well as hearing. For sighted people, hearing and haptic understanding support the visual impression, while people with visual impairment have to depend on them. This chapter will address questions about how blind children learn to use touch for a better understanding of the environment. I will here focus on how tactile pictures in storybooks can support further discussions about everyday objects and episodes, and more abstract conversations. I will also address theories about tactile and multimodal reading processes that are involved in tactile decoding, and how they relate to visual perception and visual literacy. 

Drawing on the theory of the Big Two content dimensions of social judgmentagency and communionthe author proposes that several findings about partisan differences in the United States can be integrated into one hypothesis: Republicans tend to put greater value on agency, while Democrats put greater value on communion. Moreover, on the basis of these values, Republicans and Democrats should judge their own groups as particularly superior on agency and communion, respectively. These hypotheses gained support in three studies on partisan values and ingroup bias, suggesting that the agency-communion framework may be useful for researchers studying how political groups differ in their worldviews, biases, and attitudes.

This descriptive study aims to determine the digital competence level of faculty members who teach in the health sciences, empirically considering possible contextual aspects. Two data collection instruments were used: a self-reflection questionnaire to assess digital competence, and a survey querying demographics and aspects of teaching and learning context. In total, 306 health sciences faculty members from six universities voluntarily participated the study. The results revealed that a majority of the faculty members have intermediate (integrator or expert) level of digital competence, which is described as being aware of the potential use of digital technology in teaching and having a personal repertoire for its use under various circumstances. Age, digital teaching experience, perception of work environment, and previous teaching experience in fully- or partially-online courses were identified as influencing factors for digital competence. Faculty members in health sciences were able to integrate digital technologies in their teaching practices. Health education institutions may facilitate the use of digital technologies in teaching and learning environments. Moreover, institutions or stakeholders should consider that digital competence requires practice and experience in meaningfully-designed digital environments and tools.

This is a thesis in information design, with the emphasis on textual design. The purpose of this assignment is to investigate how an information material can be formed, that can be used by employees with different experiences from social media. The guidelines that has been produced is supposed to work as support for the user and help he or she to create a post on social media, by following the companies’ profile and style within the different channels, use directions for creating a popular post and to make an understanding for their target group and how the information should be planned. 

This study has investigated how guidelines can be designed by using the rhetorical concepts of ethos, pathos and fronesis to bring credibility to the text. Theories within semantics has also been investigated, to see which words that makes the material more understandable for the user of the guidelines. Image and text in collaboration has also been used in creating a design proposal for this study. 

Earlier studies show that ethos can be built within a company by applying a plan over how the content should be designed on social media. This supports the employee, that will build credibility for the company, and that will also streamline the work. There are also studies that show how important guidelines are for different workplaces, to improve the daily operation. 

Conclusions that has been drawn in this thesis is that credibility to the material can be obtained by strengthen statements and advise through investigations and statistics. A higher credibility for the text will make it easier to comprehend the guidelines, this is showed by the focus group and the theories investigated in this thesis.  Theories in rhetoric can be used for both directives in the guideline and the advice that the user will apply on their own posts in social media. Words that can be categorized on the basal level within semantics and can be recognized by the user will make the text easier to assimilate. Words that hold a lot of information, but at the same time is easy to understand is the most optimal to use in guidelines and in posts in social media. 

Sammanfattning

Datum:  2019-06-10

Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 hp

Institution: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens högskola

Författare: Rebecca Fish      Izabella Nilsson                  

                   (94/09/25)           (93/02/24)        

Titel: Inbound marketing, här för att stanna? - En kvalitativ studie om inbound marketing och dess påverkan på relationer från ett expertperspektiv. 

Handledare: Aswo Safari

Nyckelord: Inbound marketing, digital marknadsföring, relationer online. 

Frågeställning: Hur påverkar HubSpots tjänster skapandet och bevarandet av relationer online?

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka från ett teoretiskt perspektiv hur inbound marketingpåverkar företags relationer med målgruppen. Med denna undersökning vill vi även bidra till ökad förståelse för strategin och hur dess marknadsföringsaktiviteter influerar relationer online. 

Metod: Denna kvalitativa studie har genomförts med en abduktiv forskningsansats och låter förståelsen i studien successivt utvecklas genom att skifta mellan teori och empiri. Studien består av teori hämtat från vetenskapliga artiklar, böcker och hemsidor medan studiens primärdata består av 6 semistrukturerade intervjuer.  

Slutsats: Studien visar på att inbound marketingsom strategi attraherar, engagerar och tillfredsställer konsumenter i alla delar. Dessa delar hänger ihop med varandra, dock är det i tillfredsställelse där relationer behandlas. Författarna kan konstatera att relationer kan skapas med denna strategi men att det fortfarande är en utmaning att bevara relationer online genom detta.

This text reports completed follower research, commissioned by the Culture and Recreation Unit in Nacka Municipality. The purpose has been to investigate and describe the Dream Space ́s (Drömlokalen) activities, as well as to convey insights about artists' work together with participants with different physical and mental function variations. This has been done through the investigating of art forms and practices in the Dream Space. Via text and photographies is the work of the artists and participants shared and scrutinized. The study conveys conversations and reflec- tions on how art-based work methods can be developed for this target group.

The Dream Space (Drömlokalen) has been started and is run by professional artists. The name, the Dream Space (Drömlokalen) reflects all every individual ́s dream to achieve their full potential, but also on the design of the space itself. The artists in the Dream Space have developed a special knowledge of art-based activities adjusted for participants with different physical and mental function variations. The hearsay of this knowledge has led to an increasing request for their art-based activities for these groups, both within the municipality of Nacka and across the municipal bor- ders in the region of Stockholm.

The study emphasizes that the ability to develop art-based activities for everybody can be related to the conductor (the artist) being a profound practitioner of one or more art-forms, with profound knowledge in its methods, techniques and materials, and the ability to be responsive and empathetic. The ability to adjust art-forms, methods and materials to different participants, without getting stuck in models or recipes, rests on a professionality in the field, in this case an artistic knowledge. 

Abstract

The overall intention of this research project is to increase knowledge regarding design processes in general and artists' design processes specifically. The research is carried out as a case study based on the sketch processes that took place within Projekt Konstpaus (The Art Break Project). The sketches, or suggested designs, are the main objective for analysis and consideration in this study.

Projekt Konstpaus (The Art Break Project) is a development pro­ject partially financed by the European Union (EU). The vision of the project embodied equality, multiculturalism and sustainable community development. The municipality of Strängnäs, Sweden was the leading partner in the project and provided the necessary support for the project idea, financing and infrastructure. The innovative aim of the project was to have various groups of people from different backgrounds working together in the same processes. The project team consisted of several artists and people with university educations, such as archaeologists, cultural geographers, biologists and geologists. The main objective of the project team was to provide the basis for the construction of a culturally inspired walking and bicycle path. Several rest spots/rest stops (“konstpauser”) designed with artistic cha­racter and influenced primarily by the municipality’s extensive nature/cul­tural heritage will be found along the path (which has been approved for construction). One initial task of the project team was to make an inventory of the nature and culture artifacts within the project area as a means of promoting na­ture/culture preservation for the benefit of future generations through information sharing. The walking/bicycle path will be accessible to all, with special provision for physically challenged individuals. The intention is to provide an environment for both quietude and physical recreation.

The artists within the project embedded their artistic interpretations of the inventory and communicated them by suggesting artistic designs (sketches) related to the planned path. A jury then considered the sketches. Sketch, text, models and jury decisions (regarding the designs) are the objective of this research. The analysis of the material (sketches, texts, models and jury decisions, both oral and written) exposes the artistic processes. It is also the key to understanding the messages the artists intend to convey through their suggested designs. It is important to realize the significance (specific characteristics) of different types of sketches to be able to make decisions based on sketch materials. When sketches are examined, this awareness is central to making the right decision. In this study, three different types of sketches are examined, and the reading of each type is discussed.

When studying the suggested designs, insight was gained regarding the differences between using computer-aided design and traditional sketch tools. Knowledge was also increased concerning the development of sketch techniques generally, and when using computers specifically. A dualism of sight and seeing in terms of the visualization of an idea exists, and it is discussed in the light of empirical examples. It is also placed in relation to important technological steps taken earlier in history. The use of Camera Obcura as a helpful tool for composition is one such step. The use of this tool impacted on how the inner view was changed and, with that, manners of expression as well. This is seen in the composition of paintings and the use of language. Our thinking is influenced by what we see, and that, in turn, influences our thoughts. In our contemporary western paradigm, our commonly-held definition of "seeing" is influenced by computer-gained visual representations and the processes used when producing them. The study confirms that while this particular type of sketch exposes the suggested design idea a bit clearer than traditional sketches, it also reveals errors in the suggested designs. I have also found that both written and spoken language routes the interpretation of sketch material. In terms of understanding how the suggested designs are chosen by a jury, this component (the spoken or written language) was seen in the empirical material revealed in this study. It was also theoretically confirmed.

Together with an overall insight into the artistic processes, this study confirms the possibility of using artists in a development process. In this project, the process was to promote na­ture and culture preservation. It is valuable to integrate diverse areas of knowledge in the same process. This is true in both a social and an environmental sense. Finally, findings in this analysis confirm that artists are able to convey messages through their suggested designs (sketches). Those messages include interpretations of place, space, history and findings related to the project area.

Detta examensarbete inom ämnet informationsdesign, inriktning text fokuserar på hur motiverande instruktioner och grafisk form kan bidra till effektivare användning på ett nytt intranät. Undersökningen har genomförts i samarbete med Katrineholms kommun och syftet är att skapa en gestaltning som bidrar till användarvänligheten för användarna i samband med ny lansering av intranät.

Studien tog form i utprovningar och intervjuer gällande nuvarande intranät, utprovning av gestaltningsförslaget med hjälp av kommunikationsavdelningen på kommunen samt fokusgrupp. Tidigare undersökning som kommunen gjort har också varit en del av ett givande material jag tagit del av.

Slutsatser av undersökningen visar att användarbehoven i en stor organisation är breda. Användarens vilja att faktiskt vilja ta till sig information spelar roll. Self-efficacy är också betydande för hur man förstår och kan navigera på ett intranät. Med hjälp av manualer som stöttar och visar användaren kan flera ta del av smarta tips och råd för att göra intranätet användbart för dem.

Det här examensarbetet sker i samarbete med SICS. SICS har tillsammans med Robotdalen utvecklat ett nytt rehabiliteringssystem för stroke: Strada.

I det här arbetet har kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar studerats för att ta reda på förutsättningarna för visuell kommunikation med en strokepatient som har kognitiva nedsättningar. Som illustratör har målet varit att utforma en manual till systemet Strada, som en milt kognitivt nedsatt strokepatient kan använda.

För att nå målet, användes teorier inom bland annat kognition och kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar, riktlinjer för artefakter till kognitivt nedsatta användare, gestaltpsykologi, färgkodning och pop out effekter. Empirisk data samlades genom en omvärldsanalys, intervjuer, användartest samt scenarion.

En stroke påverkar varje individ olika, vilket leder till olika symptom och förutsättningar. Resultat av teori och empirisk data visar att det inte går att utforma en manual som fungerar för alla strokepatienter med en mild kognitiv nedsättning. Det går dock att göra en design som skapar förutsättningarna för att en kognitiv nedsatt strokepatient ska kunna använda manualen: en inkluderande design. Detta innebär att utformningen av designen utgår från användarens lägsta nivå inom kapacitet och behov, utan att individanpassa designen. Som informationsdesigner och illustratör är mitt bidrag med det här arbetet att framställa hur information kan utformas för att underlätta inläsningen hos kognitivt nedsatta strokepatienter. 

Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att genom intervjuer försöka ta reda på hur man som lärare kan utforma det bästa utvecklingssamtalet för alla parter i verksamheten förskoleklass. Vi har tittat på viktiga punkter att ha med, vart fokus ligger samt vilka hinder och dilemman som kan uppstå. Vi har genomfört tio kvalitativt semistrukturerade intervjuer med utbildade förskollärare i fyra olika förskoleklasser. Resultatet har visat att viktiga punkter och det man fokuserar på är hur barnet trivs, om den är trygg och hur det sociala kring barnet ser ut samt att man framåt våren även fokuserar på barnets språkutveckling samt dess matematiska kunskaper. Dilemman och hinder som uppstår har visat sig vara allt från vårdnadshavarnas inställning till lärarens inställning i olika avseenden. Slutsatsen vi har kunnat dra är att det inte går att använda sig av en universell mall för utvecklingssamtal då både lärare och elever är olika. En mall fungerar särskilt inte i förskoleklassen, som vi insett är en väldigt speciell verksamhet som gör att utvecklingssamtalet får en speciell karaktär.

Vi har gjort en användbarhetsanalys på MiniQ, ett webbaserat datorprogram som är ett beslutsstöd för läkare och sjuksköterskor gällande medicinering. Vi utförde en användbarhetstest där 6 deltagare utförde förutbestämda uppgifter i programmet. Vi upptäckte en del problem, och påstår att orsaken för det flesta av problemen är en lucka mellan användarens mentala modell av programmet och hur programmet och gränssnittet är uppbyggt. Min egen mer detaljerade forskningsstudie var att tillämpa färgteorier för att göra gränssnittet mer attraktivt samt göra programmets färgkod mer intuitiv. Vi presenterade för företaget QPMedtech ett designförslag som vi skapat genom att följa en användarfokuserad designprocess.

Hockey is one of Sweden's most popular sports and involving many pepole, both on and off the rink. Hockeyligan.se is Elitseriens Official site and offers visitors the opportunity to follow the games directly from a computer via a text flow. In the live stream, there are many abbreviations that are difficult to understand. The objective of this study is to find a solution to how explain them without affecting the readability negatively.

The focus is on the textual piece and not the graphics and how information is presented. By doing textual analysis and an environmental scanning I hope to get enough knowledge to finally be able to make a design that achieves my goal of the study. That is to include all visitors.

The pilot study consisted of a readability analysis and a text analysis. The text analysis showed that the information currently provided is relevant but that the abbreviations should be explained in order to increase the ability to understand the content. Which my survey also confirms. They flew namely 77 percent said they felt that there is a general need for explanations of the terms.

The result was a design where the user uses his computer mouse to get the explanations of the abbreviations. By dragging the mouse over the word to bring up the explanation into a box called a tooltip, which does not affect readability. Briefly, we can say that the results of the study gives the reader the opportunity to decide if he / she wants to share the information or not. In this way, a box called a tooltip, it will not affect the readability

As for the textual study has given me the following results in terms of how to write explanatory texts for a tooltip on the Web:

• Be brief.
• Write it as required. 
• Think of your audience.

Claims have been made that more than 50% of companies corporate knowledge is inside peoples heads. Sharing experience and knowledge in companies is largely unsupported. Networks of people have proven to be efficient both within organisations and within groups of people sharing the same profession etc. We propose an approach where experience and knowledge is shared in a dynamic collaboration between humans and computers where the issue is to efficiently capture/share/reuse experience and knowledge. For this we propose the use of a number of different methods and techniques, in particular EM and AI methods and techniques, CBR, collaborative filtering, user modelling... 

Syftet med det här arbetet är att ta reda på hur reklamannonser riktade till män respektive kvinnor är utformade idag och om det har skett någon märkbar förändring av utformandet av dessa under 2010-talet. För att kunna ta reda på detta analyserar jag fyra annonser riktade till män (två från 2011, två från 2019) och fyra annonser riktade till kvinnor (två från 2011, två från 2019), hämtade ur Café respektive Elle. Analysmetoden jag har använt mig av är en anpassad version av Björkvalls (2003 & 2009) kvalitativa multimodala analysmodell. Resultatet visar bland annat att det finns många likheter mellan reklam riktad till män respektive kvinnor, framförallt kompositionsmässigt. De största skillnaderna ligger i diskurserna och att annonser riktade till kvinnor generellt innehåller fler krävande talarroller än vad de manliga gör. I reklam riktad till män fokuseras det på det språkliga och produkten avbildas i samtliga annonser. I reklam riktad till kvinnor fokuseras det på det visuella och människor avbildas i samtliga annonser. Materiella språk- och bildprocesser dominerar i båda fallen. Vidare visar resultatet på att utformningen hos annonser riktade till män respektive kvinnor inte har förändrats nämnvärt under 2010-talet. De ändringar som existerar ligger främst i val av diskurser, och där handlar det om att de har moderniserats i takt med samhället. Hos reklam riktad till män har miljövänlighet blivit en dominerande diskurs, vilket stämmer bra in med hur samhället blivit mer miljömedvetet genom åren. Hos reklam riktad till kvinnor är den främsta förändringen att diskursen gått från en stereotypisk diskurs om lyx och flärd till en mindre stereotypisk diskurs om show och dans.

The purpose of this thesis was to, with the principles of Informationdesign, find a way to help and encourage computer novices to use new information systems like intranets.

The cognitive load is higher if the user doesn’t have any previous experience or knowledge in similar tasks, which is shown in both previous studys and in my own.

Swecon, who is a part of Lantmännen, has a new intranet which the workers don’t use. The unused intranet is a problem because it results in lack of information, in other words the workers doesn’t get all the information they need to do their job in a correct and safe way.

The results from my quantitative and qualitative studies show that the lack of knowledge motivations and information contributes to the problem

I den här C-uppsatsen har vi på uppdrag av Eskilstuna Energi och Miljö undersökt

deras informationsflöde till privatkunder. Syftet med undersökningen var att ta reda

på hur bra deras olika informationskanaler fungerar. Vidare skulle vi ta reda på om

några kanaler kunde tas bort eller om nya kanaler borde användas. Vi ville också få

en fingervisning på om Eskilstuna Energi och Miljös kärnvärden kommit fram och

mottagits av kunderna. En ytterligare fråga var vad respondenterna anser är viktigt i

ett informationsmaterial för att de ska uppmärksamma det.

Vi valde att använda oss av fokusgrupper som en inledande metod för arbetet, för

att sedan, med dessa som grund, formulera frågor i en enkät som skickades ut till

närmare 1 000 kunder. Vi gjorde även egna analyser av Eskilstuna Energi och Miljös

informationsmaterial, med utgångspunkt i teorier om informationsdesign.

Våra undersökningar visade att informationskanalerna uppskattas olika av olika

respondenter och för olika syften. Informationskanalerna kompletterar varandra, men

i många fall föredrar respondenterna att få informationen via post och lokaltidning.

Det visade sig också att de kanaler som Eskilstuna Energi och Miljö inte använder

idag, e-post och SMS är populära bland många. Våra slutsatser är att alla kanaler de

använder idag behövs, men bör användas på olika sätt och för olika syften.

Undersökningen visade att Eskilstuna Energi och Miljö har lyckats relativt bra

med att förmedla sina kärnvärden.

Informationen fungerar i många fall bra, men i vissa fall har inte budskapet kommit

fram på ett optimalt sätt. Enligt våra undersökningar beror det på bristande informationsdesign

gällande bland annat avsändare och innehåll.

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model for how businesses should work before, during and after a Crisis to maintain their brand. The study is based on a research where primary data has been collected through six interviews with experts within the area of crisis communication. An abductive method has been used since focus is shifting between empiri and theory, but where the focus mainly lies on the empirical study. Scientific articles have been collected for the theoretical framework and been gathered from databases such as google scholar and ABI/inform. The conclusion represents a tool as a model that will give companies guidelines in how to work before a crisis to detect, prevent and prepare the company. It also shows how companies should work during the crisis to minimize the effect and recover from it. The last part of the model shows how the company should work after the crisis to learn from it and prevent a similar crisis in the future.

Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att ta fram ett förslag på utformning av en målgruppsanpassad hjälpfunktion för PDM-systemet på Bombardier Transportation i Västerås.

Företaget Bombardier tillverkar flyg (Aerospace) och tåg (Transportation) och huvudkontoret för Transportation i Sverige ligger i Västerås. I företaget används ett PDM-system (Product Data Management) för administrering och distribuering av data och processer kring design, tillverkning, hantering och återvinning av produkter. Information om PDM-systemets funktionalitet finns tillgänglig genom flera olika källor som både är officiella och inofficiella inom företaget. Dessa källor finns både i tryckt och i digital form.

Bombardier Transportation i Västerås har efterfrågat ett förslag på en gemensam hjälpfunktion som ersätter befintliga, och istället sammanför nuvarande information till en enhetlig och lättanvänd hjälpfunktion.

Hjälpfunktionen har utvecklats i form av en digital manual placerad i anslutning till PDM-systemet och innehåller information som läses på skärm. Informationen om PDM-systemets funktionalitet och användning förklaras för nya och befintliga användare. Innehållet presenteras framförallt genom text men jag har även valt att inkludera grafisk form utifrån olika principer inom informationsdesign för att skapa en pedagogisk och målgruppsanpassad hjälpfunktion.  

Förslag på hjälpfunktion har utvecklats utifrån resultat från teoristudier samt genom metoderna kvalitativa intervjuer och textanalyser. Intervjuerna har genomförts med personal på Bombardier Transportation i Västerås, och textanalyser har gjorts på delar av befintliga hjälpfunktioner för Bombardiers PDM system. I tillägg har jag testat mitt förslag av hjälpfunktion på PDM-användare inom Bombardier Transportation.