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  • 1.
    Abbaneo, Chiara
    et al.
    Ansaldo STS, Italy.
    Flammini, Francesco
    Ansaldo STS, Italy ; University of Naples ”Federico II”, Italy.
    Lazzaro, Armando
    Ansaldo STS, Italy.
    Marmo, Pietro
    Ansaldo STS, Italy.
    Mazzocca, Nicola
    Université “Federico II” di Napoli, Italy.
    Sanseviero, Angela
    Ansaldo STS, Italy.
    UML based reverse engineering for the verification of railway control logics2007Inngår i: Proceedings of International Conference on Dependability of Computer Systems, DepCoS-RELCOMEX 2006, IEEE , 2007, s. 3-10Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is widely used as a high level object oriented specification language. In this paper we present a novel approach in which reverse engineering is performed using UML as the modelling language used to achieve a representation of the implemented system. The target is the core logic of a complex critical railway control system, which was written in an application specific legacy language. UML perfectly suited to represent the nature of the core logic, made up by concurrent and interacting processes, using a bottom-up approach and proper modeling rules. Each process, in fact, was strictly related to the management of a physically (resp. logically) well distinguished railway device (resp. functionality). The obtained model deeply facilitated the static analysis of the logic code, allowing for at a glance verification of correctness and compliance with higher-level specifications, and opened the way to refactoring and other formal analyses. © 2006 IEEE.

  • 2.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Requirements-Level Reuse Recommendation and Prioritization of Product Line Assets2021Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Software systems often target a variety of different market segments. Targeting varying customer requirements requires a product-focused development process. Software Product Line (SPL) engineering is one possible approach based on reuse rationale to aid quick delivery of quality product variants at scale. SPLs reuse common features across derived products while still providing varying configuration options. The common features, in most cases, are realized by reusable assets. In practice, the assets are reused in a clone-and-own manner to reduce the upfront cost of systematic reuse. Besides, the assets are implemented in increments, and requirements prioritization also has to be done. In this context, the manual reuse analysis and prioritization process become impractical when the number of derived products grows. Besides, the manual reuse analysis process is time-consuming and heavily dependent on the experience of engineers.

    In this licentiate thesis, we study requirements-level reuse recommendation and prioritization for SPL assets in industrial settings. We first identify challenges and opportunities in SPLs where reuse is done in a clone-and-own manner.  We then focus on one of the identified challenges: requirements-based SPL assets reuse and provide automated support for identifying reuse opportunities for SPL assets based on requirements. Finally, we provide automated support for requirements prioritization in the presence of dependencies resulting from reuse.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 3.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Variability Aware Requirements Reuse Analysis2020Inngår i: roceedings - 2020 ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion, ICSE-Companion 2020, Seoul, South Korea: ACM , 2020, s. 190-193, artikkel-id 3381399Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Problem: The goal of a software product line is to aid quick and quality delivery of software products, sharing common features. Effectively achieving the above-mentioned goals requires reuse analysis of the product line features. Existing requirements reuse analysis approaches are not focused on recommending product line features, that can be reused to realize new customer requirements. Hypothesis: Given that the customer requirements are linked to product line features' description satisfying them: then the customer requirements can be clustered based on patterns and similarities, preserving the historic reuse information. New customer requirements can be evaluated against existing customer requirements and reuse of product line features can be recommended. Contributions: We treated the problem of feature reuse analysis as a text classification problem at the requirements-level. We use Natural Language Processing and clustering to recommend reuse of features based on similarities and historic reuse information. The recommendations can be used to realize new customer requirements.

  • 4.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Västerås, Sweden.
    Ferrari, Alessio
    CNR ISTI, Pisa, Italy.
    Shatnawi, Anas
    Berger Levrault, Montpellier, France.
    Enoiu, Eduard Paul
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Västerås, Sweden.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    On the relationship between similar requirements and similar software: A case study in the railway domainInngår i: Requirements Engineering, ISSN 0947-3602, E-ISSN 1432-010XArtikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Recommender systems for requirements are typically built on the assumption that similar requirements can be used as proxies to retrieve similar software. When a stakeholder proposes a new requirement, natural language processing (NLP)-based similarity metrics can be exploited to retrieve existing requirements, and in turn, identify previously developed code. Several NLP approaches for similarity computation between requirements are available. However, there is little empirical evidence on their effectiveness for code retrieval. This study compares different NLP approaches, from lexical ones to semantic, deep-learning techniques, and correlates the similarity among requirements with the similarity of their associated software. The evaluation is conducted on real-world requirements from two industrial projects from a railway company. Specifically, the most similar pairs of requirements across two industrial projects are automatically identified using six language models. Then, the trace links between requirements and software are used to identify the software pairs associated with each requirements pair. The software similarity between pairs is then automatically computed with JPLag. Finally, the correlation between requirements similarity and software similarity is evaluated to see which language model shows the highest correlation and is thus more appropriate for code retrieval. In addition, we perform a focus group with members of the company to collect qualitative data. Results show a moderately positive correlation between requirements similarity and software similarity, with the pre-trained deep learning-based BERT language model with preprocessing outperforming the other models. Practitioners confirm that requirements similarity is generally regarded as a proxy for software similarity. However, they also highlight that additional aspect comes into play when deciding software reuse, e.g., domain/project knowledge, information coming from test cases, and trace links. Our work is among the first ones to explore the relationship between requirements and software similarity from a quantitative and qualitative standpoint. This can be useful not only in recommender systems but also in other requirements engineering tasks in which similarity computation is relevant, such as tracing and change impact analysis.

  • 5.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    Research Institutes of Sweden Västerås, Sweden.
    Inayat, Irum
    National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan.
    Jan, Naila
    National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    Research Institutes of Sweden Västerås, Sweden.
    Enoiu, Eduard Paul
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    MBRP: Model-based Requirements Prioritization Using PageRank Algorithm2019Inngår i: Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference APSEC 2019, 2019, s. 31-38, artikkel-id 8945656Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Requirements prioritization plays an important role in driving project success during software development. Literature reveals that existing requirements prioritization approaches ignore vital factors such as interdependency between requirements. Existing requirements prioritization approaches are also generally time-consuming and involve substantial manual effort. Besides, these approaches show substantial limitations in terms of the number of requirements under consideration. There is some evidence suggesting that models could have a useful role in the analysis of requirements interdependency and their visualization, contributing towards the improvement of the overall requirements prioritization process. However, to date, just a handful of studies are focused on model-based strategies for requirements prioritization, considering only conflict-free functional requirements. This paper uses a meta-model-based approach to help the requirements analyst to model the requirements, stakeholders, and inter-dependencies between requirements. The model instance is then processed by our modified PageRank algorithm to prioritize the given requirements. An experiment was conducted, comparing our modified PageRank algorithm’s efficiency and accuracy with five existing requirements prioritization methods. Besides, we also compared our results with a baseline prioritized list of 104 requirements prepared by 28 graduate students. Our results show that our modified PageRank algorithm was able to prioritize the requirements more effectively and efficiently than the other prioritization methods.

  • 6.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE SICS, Research Institutes of Sweden, Västerås, Sweden.
    Inayat, Irum
    SERL, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE SICS, Research Institutes of Sweden, Västerås, Sweden.
    Jan, Naila
    SERL, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    Requirements dependencies-based test case prioritization for extra-functional properties2019Inngår i: ICST Workshop on Testing Extra-Functional Properties and Quality Characteristics of Software Systems ITEQS'19, 2019, s. 159-163Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of requirements’ information in testing is a well-recognized practice in the software development life cycle. Literature reveals that existing tests prioritization and selection approaches neglected vital factors affecting tests priorities, like interdependencies between requirement specifications. We believe that models may play a positive role in specifying these inter-dependencies and prioritizing tests based on these inter-dependencies. However, till date, few studies can be found that make use of requirements inter-dependencies for test case prioritization. This paper uses a meta-model to aid modeling requirements, their related tests, and inter-dependencies between them. The instance of this meta-model is then processed by our modified PageRank algorithm to prioritize the requirements. The requirement priorities are then propagated to related test cases in the test model and test cases are selected based on coverage of extra-functional properties. We have demonstrated the applicability of our proposed approach on a small example case.

  • 7.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Västerås, Sweden.
    Jongeling, Robbert
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Lindskog, Claes
    Bombardier Transportation AB, Sweden.
    Enoiu, Eduard Paul
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Västerås, Sweden.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Product Line Adoption in Industry: An Experience Report from the Railway Domain2020Inngår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 2020, Vol. F164267-A, s. 130-141Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The software system controlling a train is typically deployed on various hardware architectures and is required to process various signals across those deployments. Increases of such customization scenarios, as well as the needed adherence of the software to various safety standards in different application domains, has led to the adoption of product line engineering within the railway domain. This paper explores the current state-of-practice of software product line development within a team developing industrial embedded software for a train propulsion control system. Evidence is collected by means of a focus group session with several engineers and through inspection of archival data. We report several benefits and challenges experienced during product line adoption and deployment. Furthermore, we identify and discuss research opportunities, focusing in particular on the areas of product line evolution and test automation.

  • 8.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Rauf, Abdul
    RISE Research Institute of Sweden.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institute of Sweden.
    Enoiu, Eduard Paul
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Keywords-based test categorization for Extra-Functional Properties2020Inngår i: IEEE 13th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops, ICSTW 2020, IEEE, 2020, s. 153-156, artikkel-id 9156019Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Categorizing existing test specifications can provide insights on coverage of the test suite to extra-functional properties. Manual approaches for test categorization can be time-consuming and prone to error. In this short paper, we propose a semi-automated approach for semantic keywords-based textual test categorization for extra-functional properties. The approach is the first step towards coverage-based test case selection based on extra-functional properties. We report a preliminary evaluation of industrial data for test categorization for safety aspects. Results show that keyword-based approaches can be used to categorize tests for extra-functional properties and can be improved by considering contextual information of keywords.

  • 9.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE, Sweden.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE, Sweden.
    Enoiu, Eduard Paul
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Requirements-Driven Reuse Recommendation2021Inngår i: Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference - Volume A, Association for Computing Machinery , 2021Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This tutorial explores requirements-based reuse recommendation for product line assets in the context of clone-and-own product lines.

  • 10.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Enoiu, Eduard Paul
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Lindskog, Claes
    Bombardier Transportation AB, Sweden.
    Automated Reuse Recommendation of Product Line Assets based on Natural Language Requirements2020Inngår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2020, Vol. 12541, s. 173-189Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Software product lines (SPLs) are based on reuse rationale to aid quick and quality delivery of complex products at scale. Deriving a new product from a product line requires reuse analysis to avoid redundancy and support a high degree of assets reuse. In this paper, we propose and evaluate automated support for recommending SPL assets that can be reused to realize new customer requirements. Using the existing customer requirements as input, the approach applies natural language processing and clustering to generate reuse recommendations for unseen customer requirements in new projects. The approach is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively in the railway industry. Results show that our approach can recommend reuse with 74% accuracy and 57.4% exact match. The evaluation further indicates that the recommendations are relevant to engineers and can support the product derivation and feasibility analysis phase of the projects. The results encourage further study on automated reuse analysis on other levels of abstractions.

  • 11.
    Abbasi, S.
    et al.
    Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
    Rahmani, A. M.
    National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan.
    Balador, Ali
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. RISE Research Institute of Sweden, Västerås, Sweden.
    Sahafi, A.
    Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
    Internet of Vehicles: Architecture, services, and applications2021Inngår i: International Journal of Communication Systems, ISSN 1074-5351, E-ISSN 1099-1131, Vol. 34, nr 10Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The connection between objects and information exchange has been possible in recent years, with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) in different industries. We can meet different requirements in each industry utilizing this feature. Intelligent transportation uses the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) as a solution for communication among vehicles. It improves traffic management applications and services to guarantee safety on roads. We categorize services, applications, and architectures and propose a taxonomy for IoV. Then, we study open issues and challenges for future works. We highlighted applications and services due to drivers' requirements and nonfunctional requirements, considering the qualitative characteristic. This paper summarizes the current state of the IoV in architectures, services, and applications. It can be a start view to provide the solutions for challenges in traffic management in cities. The present study is beneficial for smart city developments and management. According to this paper's result, the services and applications evaluate performance with 34% frequency, safety and data accuracy, and security with a 13% frequency in selected papers. These measurements are essential due to the IoV characteristics such as real-time operation, accident avoidance in applications, and complicated user data management. 

  • 12.
    Abbasi, Shirin
    et al.
    Islamic Azad University, Iran.
    Rahmani, Amir Masoud
    Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
    Balador, Ali
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sahafi, Amir
    Islamic Azad University, Iran.
    A fault-tolerant adaptive genetic algorithm for service scheduling in internet of vehicles2023Inngår i: Applied Soft Computing, ISSN 1568-4946, E-ISSN 1872-9681, Vol. 143, artikkel-id 110413Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Over the years, a range of Internet of Vehicles services has emerged, along with improved quality parameters. However, the field still faces several limitations, including resource constraints and the time response requirement. This paper extracts cost, energy, processing power, service management, and resource allocation parameters. Mathematical equations are then defined based on these parameters. To simplify the process complexity and ensure scalability, we propose an algorithm that uses the genetic algorithm for fault and cost management during resource allocation to services. The main concept is to pick resources for services using a genetic algorithm. We discuss the processing and energy costs associated with this function, which is the algorithm's objective function and is created to optimize cost. Our approach goes beyond the conventional genetic algorithm in two stages. In the first step, services are prioritized, and resources are allocated in accordance with those priorities; in the second step, load balancing in message transmission paths is ensured, and message failures are avoided. The algorithm's performance is evaluated using various parameters, and it was shown to outperform other metaheuristic algorithms like the classic genetic algorithm, particle swarm, and mathematical models. Different scenarios with various nodes and service variables are defined in various system states, including fault occurrences to various percentages of 10, 20, and 30. To compare methods, we consider different parameters, the most significant being performance success rate. Moreover, the cost optimization has a good convergence after iterations, and the rate of improvement in the big scenario has slowed down after 150 iterations. Besides, it provides acceptable performance in response time for services.

  • 13.
    Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Bugs and Debugging of Concurrent and Multicore Software2016Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 14.
    Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Concurrency Bugs: Characterization, Debugging and Runtime Verification2018Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Concurrent software has been increasingly adopted in recent years, mainly due to the introduction of multicore platforms. However, concurrency bugs are still difficult to test and debug due to their complex interactions involving multiple threads (or tasks). Typically, real world concurrent software has huge state spaces. Thus, testing techniques and handling of concurrency bugs need to focus on exposing the bugs in this large space. However, existing solutions typically do not provide debugging information to developers (and testers) for understanding the bugs.

    Our work focuses on improving concurrent software reliability via three contributions: 1) An investigation of concurrent software challenges with the aim to help developers (and testers) to better understand concurrency bugs. We propose a classification of concurrency bugs and discuss observable properties of each type of bug. In addition, we identify a number of gaps in the body of knowledge on concurrent software bugs and their debugging. 2) Exploring concurrency related bugs in real-world software with respect to the reproducibility of bugs, severity of their consequence and effort required to fix them. Our findings here is that concurrency bugs are different from other bugs in terms of their fixing time and severity, while they are similar in terms of reproducibility. 3) A model for monitoring concurrency bugs and the implementation and evaluation of a related runtime verification tool to detect the bugs. In general, runtime verification techniques are used to (a) dynamically verify that the observed behaviour matches specified properties and (b) explicitly recognize understandable behaviors in the considered software. Our implemented tool is used to detect concurrency bugs in embedded software and is in its current form tailored for the FreeRTOS operating system. It helps developers and testers to automatically identify concurrency bugs and subsequently helps to reduce their finding and fixing time.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 15.
    Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Hansson, Hans
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Eldh, Sigrid
    Ericsson AB, Kista, Sweden.
    Towards Classification of Concurrency Bugs Based on Observable Properties2015Inngår i: Proceedings - 1st International Workshop on Complex Faults and Failures in Large Software Systems, COUFLESS 2015, 2015, s. 41-47Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In software engineering, classification is a way to find an organized structure of knowledge about objects. Classification serves to investigate the relationship between the items to be classified, and can be used to identify the current gaps in the field. In many cases users are able to order and relate objects by fitting them in a category. This paper presents initial work on a taxonomy for classification of errors (bugs) related to concurrent execution of application level software threads. By classifying concurrency bugs based on their corresponding observable properties, this research aims to examine and structure the state of the art in this field, as well as to provide practitioner support for testing and debugging of concurrent software. We also show how the proposed classification, and the different classes of bugs, relates to the state of the art in the field by providing a mapping of the classification to a number of recently published papers in the software engineering field.

  • 16.
    Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Inam, Rafia
    Ericsson AB, Kista, Sweden.
    Hansson, Hans
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    A Survey on Testing for Cyber Physical System2015Inngår i: Testing Software and Systems: 27th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, ICTSS 2015, Sharjah and Dubai, United Arab Emirates, November 23-25, 2015, Proceedings, 2015, s. 194-207Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) bridge the cyber-world of computing and communications with the physical world and require development of secure and reliable software. It asserts a big challenge not only on testing and verifying the correctness of all physical and cyber components of such big systems, but also on integration of these components. This paper develops a categorization of multiple levels of testing required to test CPS and makes a comparison of these levels with the levels of software testing based on the V-model. It presents a detailed state-of-the-art survey on the testing approaches performed on the CPS. Further, it provides challenges in CPS testing.

  • 17.
    Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. RISE Acreo AB, Sweden.
    Lindén, Maria
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    GholamHosseini, Hamid
    Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Naber, A.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ortiz-Catalan, M.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Evaluation of surface EMG-based recognition algorithms for decoding hand movements2020Inngår i: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, ISSN 0140-0118, E-ISSN 1741-0444, Vol. 58, nr 1, s. 83-100Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Myoelectric pattern recognition (MPR) to decode limb movements is an important advancement regarding the control of powered prostheses. However, this technology is not yet in wide clinical use. Improvements in MPR could potentially increase the functionality of powered prostheses. To this purpose, offline accuracy and processing time were measured over 44 features using six classifiers with the aim of determining new configurations of features and classifiers to improve the accuracy and response time of prosthetics control. An efficient feature set (FS: waveform length, correlation coefficient, Hjorth Parameters) was found to improve the motion recognition accuracy. Using the proposed FS significantly increased the performance of linear discriminant analysis, K-nearest neighbor, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), and support vector machine by 5.5%, 5.7%, 6.3%, and 6.2%, respectively, when compared with the Hudgins’ set. Using the FS with MLE provided the largest improvement in offline accuracy over the Hudgins feature set, with minimal effect on the processing time. Among the 44 features tested, logarithmic root mean square and normalized logarithmic energy yielded the highest recognition rates (above 95%). We anticipate that this work will contribute to the development of more accurate surface EMG-based motor decoding systems for the control prosthetic hands.

  • 18.
    Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    SICS Swedish ICT, Västerås, Sweden.
    Eldh, Sigrid
    Ericsson AB, Kista, Sweden.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Hansson, Hans
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    A Model for Systematic Monitoring and Debugging of Starvation Bugs in Multicore Software2016Inngår i: 2016 ASE Workshop on Specification, Comprehension, Testing and Debugging of Concurrent Programs SCTDCP2016, 2016Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    With the development of multicore hardware, concurrent, parallel and multicore software are becoming increasingly popular. Software companies are spending a huge amount of time and resources to nd and debug the bugs. Among all types of software bugs, concurrency bugs are also important and troublesome. This type of bugs is increasingly becoming an issue particularly due to the growing prevalence of multicore hardware. In this position paper, we propose a model for monitoring and debugging Starvation bugs as a type of concurrency bugs in multicore software. The model is composed into three phases: monitoring, detecting and debugging. The monitoring phase can support detecting phase by storing collected data from the system execution. The detecting phase can support debugging phase by comparing the stored data with starvation bug's properties, and the debugging phase can help in reproducing and removing the Starvation bug from multicore software. Our intention is that our model is the basis for developing tool(s) to enable solving Starvation bugs in software for multicore platforms.

  • 19.
    Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Eldh, S.
    Ericsson AB, Kista, Sweden.
    Hansson, Hans
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    A Runtime Verification Tool for Detecting Concurrency Bugs in FreeRTOS Embedded Software2018Inngår i: Proceedings - 17th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing, ISPDC 2018, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2018, s. 172-179, artikkel-id 8452035Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents a runtime verification tool for embedded software executing under the open source real-time operating system FreeRTOS. The tool detects and diagnoses concurrency bugs such as deadlock, starvation, and suspension based-locking. The tool finds concurrency bugs at runtime without debugging and tracing the source code. The tool uses the Tracealyzer tool for logging relevant events. Analysing the logs, our tool can detect the concurrency bugs by applying algorithms for diagnosing each concurrency bug type individually. In this paper, we present the implementation of the tool, as well as its functional architecture, together with illustration of its use. The tool can be used during program testing to gain interesting information about embedded software executions. We present initial results of running the tool on some classical bug examples running on an AVR 32-bit board SAM4S. 

  • 20.
    Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Eldh, Sigrid
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. Ericsson AB, Kista, Sweden .
    Hansson, Hans
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Afza, Wasif
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    10 Years of research on debugging concurrent and multicore software: a systematic mapping study2017Inngår i: Software quality journal, ISSN 0963-9314, E-ISSN 1573-1367, Vol. 25, nr 1, s. 49-82Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Debugging – the process of identifying, localizing and fixing bugs – is a key activity in software development. Due to issues such as non-determinism and difficulties of reproducing failures, debugging concurrent software is significantly more challenging than debugging sequential software. A number of methods, models and tools for debugging concurrent and multicore software have been proposed, but the body of work partially lacks a common terminology and a more recent view of the problems to solve. This suggests the need for a classification, and an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the area. 

    This paper presents the results of a systematic mapping study in the field of debugging of concurrent and multicore software in the last decade (2005– 2014). The study is guided by two objectives: (1) to summarize the recent publication trends and (2) to clarify current research gaps in the field.

    Through a multi-stage selection process, we identified 145 relevant papers. Based on these, we summarize the publication trend in the field by showing distribution of publications with respect to year , publication venues , representation of academia and industry , and active research institutes . We also identify research gaps in the field based on attributes such as types of concurrency bugs, types of debugging processes , types of research  and research contributions.

    The main observations from the study are that during the years 2005–2014: (1) there is no focal conference or venue to publish papers in this area, hence a large variety of conferences and journal venues (90) are used to publish relevant papers in this area; (2) in terms of publication contribution, academia was more active in this area than industry; (3) most publications in the field address the data race bug; (4) bug identification is the most common stage of debugging addressed by articles in the period; (5) there are six types of research approaches found, with solution proposals being the most common one; and (6) the published papers essentially focus on four different types of contributions, with ”methods” being the type most common one.

    We can further conclude that there is still quite a number of aspects that are not sufficiently covered in the field, most notably including (1) exploring correction  and fixing bugs  in terms of debugging process; (2) order violation, suspension  and starvation  in terms of concurrency bugs; (3) validation and evaluation research  in the matter of research type; (4) metric  in terms of research contribution. It is clear that the concurrent, parallel and multicore software community needs broader studies in debugging.This systematic mapping study can help direct such efforts.

  • 21.
    Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Eldh, Sigrid
    Ericsson AB, Kista, Sweden.
    Hansson, Hans
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Paul Enoiu, Eduard
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    A Study on Concurrency Bugs in an Open Source Software2016Inngår i: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol. 472, 2016, Vol. 472, s. 16-31Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Concurrent programming puts demands on software debugging and testing, as concurrent software may exhibit problems not present in sequential software, e.g., deadlocks and race conditions. In aiming to increase efficiency and effectiveness of debugging and bug-fixing for concurrent software, a deep understanding of concurrency bugs, their frequency and fixingtimes would be helpful. Similarly, to design effective tools and techniques for testing and debugging concurrent software understanding the differences between non-concurrency and concurrency bugs in real-word software would be useful.

  • 22.
    Abbaspour Asadollah, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Hansson, Hans
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Runtime Verification for Detecting Suspension Bugs in Multicore and Parallel Software2017Inngår i: Proceedings - 10th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops, ICSTW 2017, 2017, s. 77-80Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Multicore hardware development increases the popularity of parallel and multicore software, while testing and debugging the software become more difficult, frustrating and costly. Among all types of software bugs, concurrency bugs are both important and troublesome. This type of bugs is increasingly becoming an issue, particularly due to the growing prevalence of multicore hardware. Suspension-based-locking bug is one type of concurrency bugs. This position paper proposes a model based on runtime verification and reflection technique in the context of multicore and parallel software to monitor and detect suspension-based-locking bugs. The model is not only able to detect faults, but also diagnose and even repair them. The model is composed of four layers: Logging, Monitoring, Suspension Bug Diagnosis and Mitigation. The logging layer will observe the events and save them into a file system. The monitoring layer will detect the presents of bugs in the software. The suspension bug diagnosis will identify Suspension bugs by comparing the captured data with the suspension bug properties. Finally, the mitigation layer will reconfigure the software to mitigate the suspension bugs. A functional architecture of a runtime verification tool is also proposed in this paper. This architecture is based on the proposed model and is comprised of different modules. 

  • 23.
    Abbaspour Gildeh, Saedeh
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Fotouhi, Faranak
    Fotouhi, Hossein
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Vahabi, Maryam
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Lindén, Maria
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Deep learning-based motion activity recognition using smartphone sensors2020Inngår i: 12th International Conference on e-Health e-Health'20, 2020Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 24.
    Abbaspour, Sara
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Electromyogram Signal Enhancement and Upper-Limb Myoelectric Pattern Recognition2019Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Losing a limb causes difficulties in our daily life. To regain the ability to live an independent life, artificial limbs have been developed. Hand prostheses belong to a group of artificial limbs that can be controlled by the user through the activity of the remnant muscles above the amputation. Electromyogram (EMG) is one of the sources that can be used for control methods for hand prostheses. Surface EMGs are powerful, non-invasive tools that provide information about neuromuscular activity of the subjected muscle, which has been essential to its use as a source of control for prosthetic limbs. However, the complexity of this signal introduces a big challenge to its applications. EMG pattern recognition to decode different limb movements is an important advancement regarding the control of powered prostheses. It has the potential to enable the control of powered prostheses using the generated EMG by muscular contractions as an input. However, its use has yet to be transitioned into wide clinical use. Different algorithms have been developed in state of the art to decode different movements; however, the challenge still lies in different stages of a successful hand gesture recognition and improvements in these areas could potentially increase the functionality of powered prostheses. This thesis firstly focuses on improving the EMG signal’s quality by proposing novel and advanced filtering techniques. Four efficient approaches (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-wavelet, artificial neural network-wavelet, adaptive subtraction and automated independent component analysis-wavelet) are proposed to improve the filtering process of surface EMG signals and effectively eliminate ECG interferences. Then, the offline performance of different EMG-based recognition algorithms for classifying different hand movements are evaluated with the aim of obtaining new myoelectric control configurations that improves the recognition stage. Afterwards, to gain proper insight on the implementation of myoelectric pattern recognition, a wide range of myoelectric pattern recognition algorithms are investigated in real time. The experimental result on 15 healthy volunteers suggests that linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) outperform other classifiers. The real-time investigation illustrates that in addition to the LDA and MLE, multilayer perceptron also outperforms the other algorithms when compared using classification accuracy and completion rate.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 25.
    Abbaspour, Sara
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Evaluation of surface EMG-based recognition algorithms for decoding hand movementsManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 26.
    Abbaspour, Sara
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Proposing Combined Approaches to Remove ECG Artifacts from Surface EMG Signals2015Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Electromyography (EMG) is a tool routinely used for a variety of applications in a very large breadth of disciplines. However, this signal is inevitably contaminated by various artifacts originated from different sources. Electrical activity of heart muscles, electrocardiogram (ECG), is one of sources which affects the EMG signals due to the proximity of the collection sites to the heart and makes its analysis non-reliable. Different methods have been proposed to remove ECG artifacts from surface EMG signals; however, in spite of numerous attempts to eliminate or reduce this artifact, the problem of accurate and effective de-noising of EMG still remains a challenge. In this study common methods such as high pass filter (HPF), gating method, spike clipping, hybrid technique, template subtraction, independent component analysis (ICA), wavelet transform, wavelet-ICA, artificial neural network (ANN), and adaptive noise canceller (ANC) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are used to remove ECG artifacts from surface EMG signals and their accuracy and effectiveness is investigated. HPF, gating method and spike clipping are fast; however they remove useful information from EMG signals. Hybrid technique and ANC are time consuming. Template subtraction requires predetermined QRS pattern. Using wavelet transform some artifacts remain in the original signal and part of the desired signal is removed. ICA requires multi-channel signals. Wavelet-ICA approach does not require multi-channel signals; however, it is user-dependent. ANN and ANFIS have good performance, but it is possible to improve their results by combining them with other techniques. For some applications of EMG signals such as rehabilitation, motion control and motion prediction, the quality of EMG signals is very important. Furthermore, the artifact removal methods need to be online and automatic. Hence, efficient methods such as ANN-wavelet, adaptive subtraction and automated wavelet-ICA are proposed to effectively eliminate ECG artifacts from surface EMG signals. To compare the results of the investigated methods and the proposed methods in this study, clean EMG signals from biceps and deltoid muscles and ECG artifacts from pectoralis major muscle are recorded from five healthy subjects to create 10 channels of contaminated EMG signals by adding the recorded ECG artifacts to the clean EMG signals. The artifact removal methods are also applied to the 10 channels of real contaminated EMG signals from pectoralis major muscle of the left side. Evaluation criteria such as signal to noise ratio, relative error, correlation coefficient, elapsed time and power spectrum density are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. It is found that the performance of the proposed ANN-wavelet method is superior to the other methods with a signal to noise ratio, relative error and correlation coefficient of 15.53, 0.01 and 0.98 respectively.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 27.
    Abbaspour, Sara
    et al.
    Amirkabir University of technology,Tehran, Iran.
    Fallah, Ali
    Amirkabir University of technology,Tehran, Iran.
    Removing ECG Artifact from the Surface EMG Signal Using Adaptive Subtraction Technique2014Inngår i: Biomedical Physics and Engineering, ISSN 2251-7200, Vol. 4, nr 1, s. 33-38Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The electrocardiogram artifact is a major contamination in the electromyogram signals when electromyogram signal is recorded from upper trunk muscles and because of that the contaminated electromyogram is not useful. Objective: Removing electrocardiogram contamination from electromyogram signals. Methods: In this paper, the clean electromyogram signal, electrocardiogram artifact and electrocardiogram signal were recorded from leg muscles, the pectoralis major muscle of the left side and V4, respectively. After the pre-processing, contaminated electromyogram signal is simulated with a combination of clean electromyogram and electrocardiogram artifact. Then, contaminated electromyogram is cleaned using adaptive subtraction method. This method contains some steps; (1) QRS detection, (2) formation of electrocardiogram template by averaging the electrocardiogram complexes, (3) using low pass filter to remove undesirable artifacts, (4) subtraction. Results: Performance of our method is evaluated using qualitative criteria, power spectrum density and coherence and quantitative criteria signal to noise ratio, relative error and cross correlation. The result of signal to noise ratio, relative error and cross correlation is equal to 10.493, 0.04 and %97 respectively. Finally, there is a comparison between proposed method and some existing methods. Conclusion: The result indicates that adaptive subtraction method is somewhat effective to remove electrocardiogram artifact from contaminated electromyogram signal and has an acceptable result.

  • 28.
    Abbaspour, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Fallah, Ali
    Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
    Lindén, Maria
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    GholamHosseini, Hamid
    Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
    A Novel Approach for Removing ECG Interferences from Surface EMG signals Using a Combined ANFIS and Wavelet2016Inngår i: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology, ISSN 1050-6411, E-ISSN 1873-5711, Vol. 26, s. 52-59Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, the removal of electrocardiogram (ECG) interferences from electromyogram (EMG) signals has been given large consideration. Where the quality of EMG signal is of interest, it is important to remove ECG interferences from EMG signals. In this paper, an efficient method based on a combination of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and wavelet transform is proposed to effectively eliminate ECG interferences from surface EMG signals. The proposed approach is compared with other common methods such as high-pass filter, artificial neural network, adaptive noise canceller, wavelet transform, subtraction method and ANFIS. It is found that the performance of the proposed ANFIS-wavelet method is superior to the other methods with the signal to noise ratio and relative error of 14.97 dB and 0.02 respectively and a significantly higher correlation coefficient (p < 0.05).

  • 29.
    Abbaspour, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    GholamHosseini, Hamid
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik. School of Engineering, Auckland University of TechnologyAuckland, New Zealand .
    Lindén, Maria
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Evaluation of wavelet based methods in removing motion artifact from ECG signal2015Inngår i: IFMBE Proceedings, 2015, s. 1-4Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Accurate recording and precise analysis of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are crucial in the pathophysiological study and clinical treatment. These recordings are often corrupted by different artifacts. The aim of this study is to propose two different methods, wavelet transform based on nonlinear thresholding and a combination method using wavelet and independent component analysis (ICA), to remove motion artifact from ECG signals. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methods, the developed techniques are applied to the real and simulated ECG data. The results of this evaluation are presented using quantitative and qualitative criteria. The results show that the proposed methods are able to reduce motion artifacts in ECG signals. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the wavelet technique is equal to 13.85. The wavelet-ICA method performed better with SNR of 14.23.

  • 30.
    Abbaspour, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Lindén, Maria
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    GholamHosseini, Hamid
    Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
    ECG Artifact Removal from Surface EMG Signal Using an Automated Method Based on Wavelet-ICA2015Inngår i: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, Volume 211, 2015, s. 91-97Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims at proposing an efficient method for automated electrocardiography (ECG) artifact removal from surface electromyography (EMG) signals recorded from upper trunk muscles. Wavelet transform is applied to the simulated data set of corrupted surface EMG signals to create multidimensional signal. Afterward, independent component analysis (ICA) is used to separate ECG artifact components from the original EMG signal. Components that correspond to the ECG artifact are then identified by an automated detection algorithm and are subsequently removed using a conventional high pass filter. Finally, the results of the proposed method are compared with wavelet transform, ICA, adaptive filter and empirical mode decomposition-ICA methods. The automated artifact removal method proposed in this study successfully removes the ECG artifacts from EMG signals with a signal to noise ratio value of 9.38 while keeping the distortion of original EMG to a minimum.

  • 31.
    Abbaspour, Sara
    et al.
    Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA.;Harvard Med Sch, Div Sleep Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA..
    Naber, Autumn
    Ctr Bion & Pain Res, S-43180 Molndal, Sweden.;Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Ortiz-Catalan, Max
    Ctr Bion & Pain Res, S-43180 Molndal, Sweden.;Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.;Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Operat Area 3, S-43180 Molndal, Sweden.;Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Orthopaed, S-43180 Molndal, Sweden..
    GholamHosseini, Hamid
    Auckland Univ Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Auckland 1010, New Zealand..
    Lindén, Maria
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Real-Time and Offline Evaluation of Myoelectric Pattern Recognition for the Decoding of Hand Movements2021Inngår i: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 21, nr 16, artikkel-id 5677Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Pattern recognition algorithms have been widely used to map surface electromyographic signals to target movements as a source for prosthetic control. However, most investigations have been conducted offline by performing the analysis on pre-recorded datasets. While real-time data analysis (i.e., classification when new data becomes available, with limits on latency under 200-300 milliseconds) plays an important role in the control of prosthetics, less knowledge has been gained with respect to real-time performance. Recent literature has underscored the differences between offline classification accuracy, the most common performance metric, and the usability of upper limb prostheses. Therefore, a comparative offline and real-time performance analysis between common algorithms had yet to be performed. In this study, we investigated the offline and real-time performance of nine different classification algorithms, decoding ten individual hand and wrist movements. Surface myoelectric signals were recorded from fifteen able-bodied subjects while performing the ten movements. The offline decoding demonstrated that linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) significantly (p < 0.05) outperformed other classifiers, with an average classification accuracy of above 97%. On the other hand, the real-time investigation revealed that, in addition to the LDA and MLE, multilayer perceptron also outperformed the other algorithms and achieved a classification accuracy and completion rate of above 68% and 69%, respectively.

  • 32.
    Abdelakram, Hafid
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. Textile Materials Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, 503 32 Borås, Sweden.
    Gunnarsson, Emanuel
    Textile Materials Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, 503 32 Borås, Sweden.
    Ramos, Alberto
    Textile Materials Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, 503 32 Borås, Sweden;UDIT—University of Design, Innovation and Technology, 28016 Madrid, Spain.
    Rödby, Kristian
    Textile Materials Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, 503 32 Borås, Sweden.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    Institute for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Medical Care Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden;Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
    Bamidis, Panagiotis D.
    Lab of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
    Billis, Antonis
    Lab of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
    Papachristou, Panagiotis
    Academic Primary Health Care Center, Region Stockholm, 104 31 Stockholm, Sweden;Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Seoane, Fernando
    Textile Materials Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, 503 32 Borås, Sweden;Institute for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Medical Care Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden;Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
    Sensorized T-Shirt with Intarsia-Knitted Conductive Textile Integrated Interconnections: Performance Assessment of Cardiac Measurements during Daily Living Activities2023Inngår i: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 23, nr 22, s. 9208-9208Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of smart wearable solutions for monitoring daily life health status is increasingly popular, with chest straps and wristbands being predominant. This study introduces a novel sensorized T-shirt design with textile electrodes connected via a knitting technique to a Movesense device. We aimed to investigate the impact of stationary and movement actions on electrocardiography (ECG) and heart rate (HR) measurements using our sensorized T-shirt. Various activities of daily living (ADLs), including sitting, standing, walking, and mopping, were evaluated by comparing our T-shirt with a commercial chest strap. Our findings demonstrate measurement equivalence across ADLs, regardless of the sensing approach. By comparing ECG and HR measurements, we gained valuable insights into the influence of physical activity on sensorized T-shirt development for monitoring. Notably, the ECG signals exhibited remarkable similarity between our sensorized T-shirt and the chest strap, with closely aligned HR distributions during both stationary and movement actions. The average mean absolute percentage error was below 3%, affirming the agreement between the two solutions. These findings underscore the robustness and accuracy of our sensorized T-shirt in monitoring ECG and HR during diverse ADLs, emphasizing the significance of considering physical activity in cardiovascular monitoring research and the development of personal health applications.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 33.
    Abdelakram, Hafid
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Kristoffersson, Annica
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Abdullah, Saad
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Edu-Mphy: A Low-Cost Multi-Physiological Recording System for Education and Research in Healthcare and Engineering2023Inngår i: Abstracts: Medicinteknikdagarna 2023, 2023, s. 117-117Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 34.
    Abdi, Somayeh
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ashjaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Mubeen, Saad
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Cognitive and Time Predictable Task Scheduling in Edge-cloud Federation2022Inngår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022, Vol. 2022-SeptemberKonferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we present a hierarchical model for time predictable task scheduling in edge-cloud computing architecture for industrial cyber-physical systems. Regarding the scheduling problem, we also investigate the common problem-solving approaches and discuss our preliminary plan to realize the proposed architecture. Furthermore, an Integer linear programming (ILP) model is proposed for task scheduling problem in the cloud layer. The model considers timing and security requirements of applications and the objective is to minimize the financial cost of their execution.

  • 35. Abdul-Ahad, Amir Stefan
    et al.
    Lindén, Maria
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik.
    Larsson, Thomas
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik.
    Mahmoud, Waleed A.
    Robust Distance-Based Watermarking for Digital Video2008Inngår i: Proceedings of The Annual SIGRAD Conference, Stockholm, 2008Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 36.
    Abdullah, Saad
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
    Abdelakram, Hafid
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Kristoffersson, Annica
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Bilal Saeed, Muhammad
    Biomedical Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Saad, Samreen
    Department of Biochemistry, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan.
    Real-Time Portable Raspberry Pi-Based System for Sickle Cell Anemia Detection2023Inngår i: Abstracts: Medicinteknikdagarna 2023, 2023, s. 118-118Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 37.
    Abdullah, Saad
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Kanwal, Kehkashan
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik.
    Hafid, A.
    Ziauddin University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Karachi, Pakistan.
    Difallah, S.
    University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Instrumentation Laboratory, Algiers, Algeria.
    Low-cost BLE based intravenous monitoring and control infusion system2023Inngår i: Int. Conf. Adv. Electron., Control Commun. Syst., ICAECCS, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Administering the medications and fluids intravenously is a frequent practice in modern medical procedures, which plays a vital role in the treatment of certain acute conditions which require immediate action by drugs or fluids. This paper covers the design of a low-cost, wireless drip monitoring system for use in the hospital environment. The device is equipped with the Bluetooth low energy based battery-operated microcontroller, an infrared based drops counting system and a digital servo motor to control the drip flow rate, and it is attached to an existing intravenous stand. A LabView graphical user interface has also been developed to provide sets of input to the system to calculate the desired drip rate and the amount of pressure that digital servo motor must apply to achieve it. The system shows an average accuracy of 96% when compared with the measured and calculated values. This allows accurate computation of the level of the drip.

  • 38.
    Abrahamsson, H.
    et al.
    RISE, SICS, Germany.
    Abdesslem, F. B.
    RISE, SICS, Germany.
    Ahlgren, B.
    RISE, SICS, Germany.
    Brunstrom, A.
    Karlstad University, Sweden.
    Marsh, I.
    RISE, SICS, Germany.
    Björkman, Mats
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Connected Vehicles in Cellular Networks: Multi-Access Versus Single-Access Performance2018Inngår i: TMA 2018 - Proceedings of the 2nd Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2018Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Connected vehicles can make roads traffic safer and more efficient, but require the mobile networks to handle time-critical applications. Using the MONROE mobile broadband measurement testbed we conduct a multi-access measurement study on buses. The objective is to understand what network performance connected vehicles can expect in today's mobile networks, in terms of transaction times and availability. The goal is also to understand to what extent access to several operators in parallel can improve communication performance. In our measurement experiments we repeatedly transfer warning messages from moving buses to a stationary server. We triplicate the messages and always perform three transactions in parallel over three different cellular operators. This creates a dataset with which we can compare the operators in an objective way and with which we can study the potential for multi-access. In this paper we use the triple-access dataset to evaluate single-access selection strategies, where one operator is chosen for each transaction. We show that if we have access to three operators and for each transaction choose the operator with best access technology and best signal quality then we can significantly improve availability and transaction times compared to the individual operators. The median transaction time improves with 6% compared to the best single operator and with 61% compared to the worst single operator. The 90-percentile transaction time improves with 23% compared to the best single operator and with 65% compared to the worst single operator.

  • 39.
    Abrahamsson, Henrik
    et al.
    Swedish Inst of Computer Science, Kista, Sweden .
    Ahlgren, Bengt
    Swedish Inst of Computer Science, Kista, Sweden .
    Using Empirical Distributions to Characterize Web Client Traffic and to Generate Synthetic Traffic2000Inngår i: Conference Record / IEEE Global Telecommunications ConferenceVolume 1, 2000, 2000, s. 428-433Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We model a web client using empirical probability distributions for user clicks and transferred data sizes. By using a heuristic threshold value to distinguish user clicks in a packet trace we get a simple method for analyzing large packet traces in order to get information about user OFF times and amount of data transferred due to a user click. We derive the empirical probability distributions from the analysis of the packet trace. The heuristic is not perfect, but we believe it is good enough to produce a useful web client model. We use the empirical model to implement a web client traffic generator. The characteristics of the generated traffic is very close to the original packet trace, including self-similar properties.

  • 40.
    Abrahamsson, Henrik
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik.
    Björkman, Mats
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik.
    Robust Traffic Engineering using L-balanced Weight-Settings in OSPF/IS-IS2008Annet (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 41.
    Abrahamsson, Henrik
    et al.
    SICS AB, Kista, Sweden .
    Hagsand, Olof
    Dynarc AB, Kista, Sweden .
    Marsh, Ian
    SICS AB, Kista, Sweden .
    TCP over High Speed Variable Capacity Links: A Simulation Study for Bandwidth Allocation2002Inngår i: Protocols for High Speed Networks Workshop, 2002, s. 117-129Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 42.
    Achuthan, K.
    et al.
    Amrita Center for Cybersecurity Systems and Networks, Kerala, India.
    Ramesh, M. V.
    Amrita Center for International Programs, Kerala, India.
    Punnekkat, Sasikumar
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Raman, R.
    Center for Research in Advanced Technologies for Education, Kerala, India.
    Internationalizing engineering education with phased study programs: India-European experience2015Inngår i: Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE, 2015, nr FebruaryKonferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Most of the critical challenges seen in the past decades have impacted citizens in a global way. Given shrinking resources, educationists find preparing students for the global market place a formidable challenge. Hence exposing students to multi-lateral educational initiatives are critical to their growth, understanding and future contributions. This paper focuses on European Union's Erasmus Mundus programs, involving academic cooperation amongst international universities in engineering programs. A phased undergraduate engineering program with multiple specializations is analyzed within this context. Based on their performance at the end of first phase, selected students were provided opportunities using scholarship to pursue completion of their degree requirements at various European universities. This paper will elaborate the impact of differing pedagogical interventions, language and cultural differences amongst these countries on students in diverse engineering disciplines. The data presented is based on on the feedback analysis from Eramus Mundus students (N=121) that underwent the mobility programs. The findings have given important insights into the structure of the initiative and implications for academia and education policy makers for internationalizing engineering education. These included considering digital interventions such as MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) and Virtual Laboratory (VL) initiatives for systemic reorganization of engineering education.

  • 43.
    Acimovic, Aleksandar
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik.
    Bajceta, Aleksandar
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik.
    Test script design approaches supporting reusability, maintainability and review process2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Software testing is widely considered to be one of the most important parts of software development life-cycle. In this research, we investigated potential improvements in the testing process and design of automated test scripts inside Bombardier Transportation. For the creation of automated test scripts BT is using a group of programs called TAF (Test Automation Framework). These scripts are used for testing Train Control Management System (TCMS), software that is used for managing the train. TAF can export its test scripts in XML format. XML scripts are analyzed in order to identify the most frequent changes. To better understand the life cycle of automated Test scripts official documentation that defines the Verification and Validation process inside BT was analyzed. Also, an interview was conducted with one of the responsible persons for testing. We believe that we have found a possible solution for improving testing process and creation of automated test scripts in BT, and to evaluate it proof of concept tool was developed. The main idea behind the tool is to write the test script using keywords which are based on analysis that was conducted on test specification documentation. These keywords represent frequent actions that are being tested on the train. By storing those actions in keywords re-usability of test script is being increased. Also, because they are based on naturally language, they are having positive effect on readability and maintenance of the test script.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Test script design approaches supporting reusability, maintainability and review process
  • 44.
    Adach, Malina
    et al.
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ali, Nazakat
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Hänninen, Kaj
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Lundqvist, Kristina
    Mälardalens universitet, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Hazard Analysis on a System of Systems using the Hazard Ontology2023Inngår i: 2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSe 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Today, well-established hazard analysis techniques are available and widely used to identify hazards for single systems in various industries. However, hazard analysis techniques for a System of Systems (SoS) are not properly investigated. SoS is a complex system where multiple systems work together to achieve a common goal. However, the interaction between systems may lead to unforeseen interactions and interdependencies between systems. This increases the difficulty of identifying and assessing system failures and potential safety hazards. In this paper, we explore whether Hazard Ontology (HO) can be applied to an SoS and whether it can identify emergent hazards, their causes, sources, and consequences. To conduct our exploration, we apply the HO to a quarry automation site (an SoS) from the construction equipment domain. The results indicate that the HO is a promising technique that facilitates the identification of emergent hazards and their components. 

  • 45.
    Adamsson, Maximilian
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik.
    Enehöjd, Pontus
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik.
    Ledarskap - Nu på Digital nivå: En studie om hur digital kommunikation bör utformas för att organisationer ska bli mer effektiva och ha ett bra kommunikationsflöde med mindre informationsbortfall.2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Digital kommunikation är idag självklart för de allra flesta människor, alla kommunicerar digitalt via olika sorters enheter och kanaler. Dock kommer den digitala kommunikationen i väldigt många olika former så kan det ibland bli svårt och komplext för alla att hantera denna sorts kommunikation. Denna studie har för avsikt att skapa ett underlag för en mer komplett och kontrollerbar kommunikation via digitala medel, samt hur ledarskap kan främjas via kommunikation i digital form. Detta ska bidra med en grundläggande kunskap kring hur en organisation bör hantera och förmedla sin information och kommunikation via digitala medel.

    Studien fokuserar på att skapa en förståelse för hur digital kommunikation upplevs av mottagaren. För att därifrån kunna se hur denna upplevelse kan föras närmare den fysiska kommunikationen mellan en ledare och medarbetare. I ett samarbete med Barn och utbildningsförvaltningen, en väldigt stor organisation med ansvar för all grundutbildning i Eskilstuna kommun, det vill säga allt från förskola upp till gymnasial utbildning. Denna organisation har analyserats genom en induktiv forskningsmetod med kvalitativa intervjuer, dessa har varit grunden för att samla in data. Genom dessa kvalitativa intervjuer samlas åsikter och tankar in från medlemmar av alla olika delar av organisationen för att skapa en heltäckande bild om hur den digitala kommunikationen upplevs och fungerar.

    Kunskapsbidragets syfte för denna uppsats var att få fram kunskap om hur en digital kommunikationsmiljö bör utformas för att organisationer ska bli mer effektiva, ha ett bra kommunikationsflöde samt mindre informationsbortfall. Detta syfte anses vara uppfyllt genom slutsatserna utifrån teori och empiriinsamling. Där en organisation med en bra struktur, organisationskunskap samt grundtanke har alla möjligheter att då utveckla sina ledare. Detta kan i sin tur utveckla medarbetare och därmed skapa en mer effektiv organisation, med bra och tydliga kanaler där alla är införstådda hur dem fungerar.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 46.
    Addazi, Lorenzo
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik.
    Automated Synthesis of Model Comparison Benchmarks2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Model-driven engineering promotes the migration from code-centric to model-based software development. Systems consist of model collections integrating different concerns and perspectives, while semi-automated model transformations generate executable code combining the information from these. Increasing the abstraction level to models required appropriate management technologies supporting the various software development activities. Among these, model comparison represents one of the most challenging tasks and plays an essential role in various modelling activities. Its hardness led researchers to propose a multitude of approaches adopting different approximation strategies and exploiting specific knowledge of the involved models. However, almost no support is provided for their evaluation against specific scenarios and modelling practices. This thesis presents Benji, a framework for the automated generation of model comparison benchmarks. Given a set of differences and an initial model, users generate models resulting from the application of the first on the latter. Differences consist of preconditions, actions and postconditions expressed using a dedicated specification language. The generator converts benchmark specifications to design-space exploration problems and produces the final solutions along with a model-based description of their differences with respect to the initial model. A set of representative use cases is used to evaluate the framework against its design principles, which resemble the essential properties expected from model comparison benchmark generators.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 47.
    Addazi, Lorenzo
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Cicchetti, Antonio
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. IS (Embedded Systems).
    Di Rocco, Juri
    University of L’Aquila, Italy.
    Di Ruscio, Davide
    University of L’Aquila, Italy.
    Iovino, Ludovico
    University of L’Aquila, Italy.
    Pierantonio, Alfonso
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system. University of L’Aquila, Italy.
    Semantic-based Model Matching with EMFCompare2016Inngår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org), Saint Malo, France: CEUR-WS , 2016, Vol. 1706, s. 40-49Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 48.
    Addazi, Lorenzo
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ciccozzi, Federico
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Langer, Philip
    EclipsSource, Austria.
    Posse, Ernesto
    Zeligsoft, Canada.
    Towards Seamless Hybrid Graphical-Textual Modelling for UML and Profiles2017Inngår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 10376, Springer, 2017, s. 20-33Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Domain-specific modelling languages, in particular those described in terms of UML profiles, use graphical notations to maximise human understanding and facilitate communication among stakeholders. Nevertheless, textual notations are preferred for specific purposes, due to the nature of a specific domain, or for personal preference. The mutually exclusive use of graphical or textual modelling is not sufficient for the development of complex systems developed by large heterogeneous teams. We envision a modern modelling framework supporting seamless hybrid graphical and textual modelling. Such a framework would provide several benefits, among which: flexible separation of concerns, multi-view modelling based on multiple notations, convenient text-based editing operations, and text-based model editing outside the modelling environment, and faster modelling activities. In this paper we describe our work towards such a framework for UML and profiles. The uniqueness is that both graphical and textual modelling are done on a common persistent model resource, thus dramatically reducing the need for synchronisation among the two notations.

  • 49.
    Addazi, Lorenzo
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Ciccozzi, Federico
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Lisper, Björn
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Executable modelling for highly parallel accelerators2019Inngår i: Proceedings - 2019 ACM/IEEE 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion, MODELS-C 2019, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2019, s. 318-321, artikkel-id 8904827Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    High-performance embedded computing is developing rapidly since applications in most domains require a large and increasing amount of computing power. On the hardware side, this requirement is met by the introduction of heterogeneous systems, with highly parallel accelerators that are designed to take care of the computation-heavy parts of an application. There is today a plethora of accelerator architectures, including GPUs, many-cores, FPGAs, and domain-specific architectures such as AI accelerators. They all have their own programming models, which are typically complex, low-level, and involve explicit parallelism. This yields error-prone software that puts the functional safety at risk, unacceptable for safety-critical embedded applications. In this position paper we argue that high-level executable modelling languages tailored for parallel computing can help in the software design for high performance embedded applications. In particular, we consider the data-parallel model to be a suitable candidate, since it allows very abstract parallel algorithm specifications free from race conditions. Moreover, we promote the Action Language for fUML (and thereby fUML) as suitable host language.

  • 50.
    Afshar, Sara
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, Inbyggda system.
    Lock-Based Resource Sharing for Real-Time Multiprocessors2017Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Embedded systems are widely used in the industry and are typically resource constrained, i.e., resources such as processors, I/O devices, shared buffers or shared memory might be limited in the system. Hence, techniques that can enable an efficient usage of processor bandwidths in such systems are of great importance. Locked-based resource sharing protocols are proposed as a solution to overcome resource limitation by allowing the available resources in the system to be safely shared. In recent years, due to a dramatic enhancement in the functionality of systems, a shift from single-core processors to multi-core processors has become inevitable from an industrial perspective to tackle the raised challenges due to increased system complexity. However, the resource sharing protocols are not fully mature for multi-core processors. The two classical multi-core processor resource sharing protocols, spin-based and suspension-based protocols, although providing mutually exclusive access to resources, can introduce long blocking delays to tasks, which may be unacceptable for many industrial applications. In this thesis we enhance the performance of resource sharing protocols for partitioned scheduling, which is the de-facto scheduling standard for industrial real-time multi-core processor systems such as in AUTOSAR, in terms of timing and memory requirements.

     

    A new scheduling approach uses a resource efficient hybrid approach combining both partitioned and global scheduling where the partitioned scheduling is used to schedule the major number of tasks in the system. In such a scheduling approach applications with critical task sets use partitioned scheduling to achieve higher level of predictability. Then the unused bandwidth on each core that is remained from partitioning is used to schedule less critical task sets using global scheduling to achieve higher system utilization. These scheduling schema however lacks a proper resource sharing protocol since the existing protocols designed for partitioned and global scheduling cannot be directly applied due to the complex hybrid structure of these scheduling frameworks. In this thesis we propose a resource sharing solution for such a complex structure. Further, we provide the blocking bounds incurred to tasks under the proposed protocols and enhance the schedulability analysis, which is an essential requirement for real-time systems, with the provided blocking bounds.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
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