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  • 1.
    Alam, Sultan
    et al.
    Univ Malakand, Dept Chem, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan..
    Ullah, Barkat
    Univ Malakand, Dept Chem, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan..
    Khan, Muhammad Sufaid
    Univ Malakand, Dept Chem, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan..
    Rahman, Najeeb ur
    Univ Malakand, Dept Chem, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan..
    Khan, Luqman
    Univ Malakand, Dept Chem, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan.;Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Phys Chem NCE, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan..
    Shah, Luqman Ali
    Zekker, Ivar
    Univ Tartu, Inst Chem, 14a Ravila St, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Burlakovs, Juris
    Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, 5 Kreutzwaldi St, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia..
    Kallistova, Anna
    Russian Acad Sci, Winogradsky Inst Microbiol, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Leninsky Prospect,33,Build 2, Moscow 119071, Russia..
    Pimenov, Nikolai
    Russian Acad Sci, Winogradsky Inst Microbiol, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Leninsky Prospect,33,Build 2, Moscow 119071, Russia..
    Yandri, Erkata
    East Jakarta Timur, Darma Persadha Univ, Grad Sch Renewable Energy, Jl Taman Malaka, Jakarta 13450, Indonesia..
    Hendroko Setyobudi, Roy
    Univ Muhammadiyah Malang, Dept Agr Sci, Malang 65145, Indonesia..
    Jani, Yahya
    Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), Sweden.
    Zahoor, Muhammad
    Univ Malakand, Dept Biochem, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan..
    Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherm Study of Basic Red 5 on Synthesized Silica Monolith Particles2021In: Water, E-ISSN 2073-4441, Vol. 13, no 20, article id 2803Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Silica monolith particles (SMP) were prepared from Tetra-Methyl-Ortho-Silicate (TMOS) and characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and surface area analyzer. FTIR analysis showed the Si-O stretching confirming SMP formation. SEM analysis provided information about the mean diameter of SMP (1-5 mu m). EDX confirmed the presence of silicon and oxygen in the SMP. Moreover, the calculated surface area for SMP was found to be around 367 m(2)/g, whereas BJH pore size distributed particles were 87.15 along with the total pore volume and pore radius of 0.073 cm(3)/g and 16.627 & ANGS;, respectively. Besides, the removal efficiency was found to be about 96%. Various kinetic equations were used to calculate the adsorption parameters. Overall, the results show that the most appropriate model for the kinetics data was the pseudo-second order kinetics model while the mechanism of adsorption was best explained by the Langmuir isotherm. The highest removal of Basic Red 5 dye after 120 min at 298 K was 576 mg/g. Moreover, the thermodynamics parameters (Enthalpy, Gibb's energy, and Entropy) were also estimated. The & UDelta;H & DEG; (0.995 kJ/mol) value depicted the endothermic nature of the process. The non-spontaneous aspect of the process was evident from the & UDelta;G & DEG; values which were 60.431, 328.93, and 339.5 kJ/mol at 293, 303, and 313 K, respectively. From the high removal efficiency value, it can be concluded that the prepared adsorbent can be a potential adsorbent in the reclamation of dyes from wastewater.</p>

  • 2.
    An, Lin
    et al.
    E China Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Yu, Xinhai
    E China Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Jie
    Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
    Tu, Shan-Tung
    E China Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden.
    CO2 capture using a superhydrophobic ceramic membrane contactor2015In: Energy Procedia, ISSN 1876-6102, Vol. 75, p. 2287-2292Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wetting and fouling of membrane contactor result in performance deterioration of membrane gas absorption system for CO2 post-combustion capture of coal-fired power plants. To solve these problems, in this study, a superhydrophobic ceramic (SC) membrane contactor was fabricated by chemically modification using 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctylethoxysilane (FAS) solution. The membrane contactor fabrication costs for both SC membrane and PP (polypropylene) membrane contactors per unit mass absorbed CO2 were roughly the same. However, by using the SC membrane, the detrimental effects of wetting can be alleviated by periodic drying to ensure a high CO2 removal efficiency (>90%), whereas the drying does not work for the PP membrane. The SC membrane contactor exhibited a better anti-fouling ability than the PP membrane contactor because the superhydrophobic surface featured a self-cleaning function. To ensure continuous CO2 removal with high efficiency, a method that two SC membrane contactors alternatively operate combined with periodic drying was proposed.

  • 3.
    Anbalagan, Anbarasan
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Schwede, Sebastian
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Nehrenheim, Emma
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Influence of light emitting diodes on indigenous microalgae cultivation in municipal wastewater2015In: Energy Procedia, ISSN 1876-6102, Vol. 75, p. 786-792Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the effect of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on microalgae cultivation in municipal wastewater was examined in comparison to the fluorescent light. Two kinds of wastewater were evaluated: first one with low concentration of total phosphorous (TP) and second one with high TP concentration. The nutrient removal and biomass production using LEDs is efficient at photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity of 107-112 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) which is slightly higher than fluorescent light. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the applicability and distribution of light in wastewater where the environment is not defined. More importantly, winter and rainy periods contribute to dark condition and dilution of wastewater, intense LED light offers a feasible option for the functioning of closed micro algae based activated sludge (MAAS) process for recovery and reuse of nutrients. 

  • 4.
    Andersson, Peter
    et al.
    Högskolan i Borås.
    Eliasson, Klas
    Högskolan i Borås.
    Holmgren, Anne-Charlotte
    Statens provnings- och forskningsinstitut, Borås.
    Le Duc, Michael
    Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology. IDA, Linköpings universitet.
    Sivertun, Åke
    IDA, Linköpings universitet.
    Torstensson, Håkan
    Högskolan i Borås.
    Wikström, Evalena
    Statens provnings- och forskningsinstitut, Borås.
    Effektivare Avfallstransporter (EFFA): Slutrapport Vinnova, 20052005Report (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Andersson, Stina
    Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare.
    Skogens betydelse för välbefinnande bland medelålders män2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Män i medelåldern begår flest självmord och söker i lägre utsträckning vård för psykiska ohälsa. Vistelse i naturen har visats ha positiva hälsoeffekter såsom förbättrad återhämtning och förmåga att reflektera. Studien syftade till att söka förståelse för Hur vistelse i skogen är relaterad till psykiskt och fysiskt välbefinnande bland män i medelåldern?”. En kvalitativ ansats användes med intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Resultaten visade att skogsvistelse var relaterad till välbefinnande på flera plan vilket formulerats genom flera huvudteman och tillhörande subteman. Studien bidrar med att undersöka de subjektiva upplevelserna gällande skogens betydelse för välbefinnande, men även med nya insikter gällande vad i skogsmiljön som är relaterat till välbefinnande i denna grupp där få söker hjälp för psykisk ohälsa.

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  • 6.
    Andréewitch, Nadja
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Fosforläckage från hästhagar i Hågadalen: Åtgärdsförslag till den småskaliga hästhållaren2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The title of this degree project is “Phosphorous losses from horse paddocks in Hågadalen – action proposals for the small scaled horse keeper” Phosphorus losses from human activity is a global problem that requires identification of sources and action proposals. The purpose of this work is to identify the need for action in and near the horse paddocks in Hågadalen, and to find possible measures that the horse keepers can use. Reports from various state authorities, other degree projects and current research reports is the basis of the literature study in this report. Existing calculations of pasture acreage in Hågadalen have also been used. The calculations shows that despite that the pasture is a small percentage of the total acreage the losses from the paddocks is a significant part of the total losses. By modifying some of the horses feeding from oats to hey, the phosphorus losses could be reduced. Possibly could feeding areas also be governed by the same regulations as storage of manure. Rules about cleaning paddocks which houses more than three horses per hectare could also be considered. 

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    Fosforläckage från hästhagar i Hågadalen
  • 7.
    Beckinghausen, Aubrey
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Ivan, Jean-Paul A.
    Örebro Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, S-70182 Örebro, Sweden..
    Schwede, Sebastian
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Odlare, Monica
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Analysis of Influencing Characteristics of Biochars for Ammonium Adsorption2022In: Applied Sciences, E-ISSN 2076-3417, Vol. 12, no 19, article id 9487Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article summarizes and performs a systematic analysis using experimental results from recent research on ammonium recovery from aqueous sources using biochar. Numerous studies have focused on using different materials to produce biochar adsorbents, and many have attempted to draw conclusions about the physical or chemical characteristics that dominate the adsorption to infer the mechanism. However, to date, there has not been statistical analysis performed on a large set of adsorption data and physical/chemical characteristics of chars to be able to draw conclusions about ammonium adsorption mechanisms. From this analysis, it was found that consistency in experimental methods and characteristic measurement reporting is lacking, and therefore it is difficult to perform metadata analysis and draw conclusions about ammonium adsorption on biochar. Among the important factors influencing ammonia recovery proposed in literature, the meta-analysis only strongly supports the effect of BET surface area and NH4+ concentration, with weaker support for the importance of cation exchange capacity and pyrolysis temperature. This suggests that standard procedures for biochar production, experiments and analysis of physical and chemical characteristics are needed to usefully compare results across different studies. Examples of the present difficulty in identifying trends across studies are shown by comparing clusters in the data identified by the analysis. The ability to make such comparisons would provide clearer direction in how best to further improve the adsorption capacity of biochars.

  • 8.
    Beckinghausen, Aubrey
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Reynders, Jonathan
    Univ Pretoria, Dept Chem Engn, Hatfield, South Africa..
    Merckel, Ryan
    Univ Pretoria, Dept Chem Engn, Hatfield, South Africa..
    Wu, Yun Wen
    Univ Pretoria, Dept Chem Engn, Hatfield, South Africa..
    Marais, Heidi
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Schwede, Sebastian
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Post-pyrolysis treatments of biochars from sewage sludge and A. mearnsii for ammonia (NH4-n) recovery2020In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 271, article id UNSP 115212Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    NH4-N-loaded biochars are suitable candidates for soil amendment and fertilization. Sewage sludge-based biochar and biochar from the invasive species black wattle were used as sorbents for the adsorption of ammonia from a concentrated solution to mimic the wastewater treatment plant reject water stream. To increase ammonium recovery efficiency, two post-pyrolysis activation techniques were compared: steam activation and hydrogen peroxide treatment. It was found that the success of the treatment options was material dependent; therefore, post-pyrolysis treatments will require optimization for different applications based on feedstock. A simplified version of an adsorption process simulated in Aspen Tech predicts that NH4-N may be recovered at an energy cost lower than that of the Haber-Bosch process for black wattle biochar yields of below 19.5%. The biooil and syngas produced during pyrolysis can be used to lessen the energy requirements of the process, so that the solid portion may be utilized as an adsorbent and soil fertilizer. The energy-based sustainability of this technology warrants a more in-depth investigation for evaluation of the techno-economic feasibility for this class of loaded sorbents, and whether this method of nitrogen capture from wastewater is a suitable replacement of the costly Haber-Bosch process.

  • 9.
    Bengtsson, Marcus
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Innovation and Product Realisation. Volvo Construct Equipment, Eskilstuna, Sweden..
    Salonen, Antti
    Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Innovation and Product Realisation.
    Requirements and Needs-A Foundation for Reducing Maintenance-Related Waste2016In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH WORLD CONGRESS ON ENGINEERING ASSET MANAGEMENT (WCEAM 2015), 2016, p. 105-112Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this paper is to discuss and elaborate on requirements of maintenance and the resulting maintenance needs in order to maintain said requirements without introducing waste while doing so, taking into account both external and internal wastes. The paper will present, and elaborate on, conceptual models that can be utilized in maintenance operations in order to increase awareness of the importance of well-founded customer/stakeholder requirements in order to articulate appropriate maintenance needs in order to balance effectiveness and efficiency as well as to reduce or eliminate maintenance-related waste.

  • 10.
    Bergdahl, Catarina
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Säkerhets- och arbertsmiljöarbete på Arbetsförmedlingen: Naturlig utveckling och påtvingade förändringar2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Arbetsförmedlingen is the Swedish national authority responsible for the work politics, and its main purpose is to create and build a solid and sustainable job market.Economic crises together with changes in the society and in the organization over the past few years mean that the unemployed individuals that come in contact with Arbetsförmedlingen are no longer a homogenous group. A lot of effort is put into helping those who may find it difficult to enter the work environment, such as youths (19 – 26 years old), people who have been unemployed or on sick leave for a long period of time, people with disabilities or immigrants who are newly arrived in Sweden.A harder social and economic climate can lead to frustration among the unemployed which mean that security measures at the offices has had to become adjusted. Local offices now have a public area where they have meetings with their clients and a locked open plan office space to which the public have no access. Working within an open plan office environment can cause health problems, mostly due to the constant background noise that comes from people having conversations on the phone, or with each other. The public areas have been furnished from a safety aspect, and different alarm functions are in place. Interviews with employees at the local Arbetsförmedlingen in Eskilstuna show that staff safety is a high priority with plenty of guidelines and directions to be followed.There are rules regulating the handling of personal information, and strategies need to be in place regarding the IT-structure that the organization is using.

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  • 11.
    Brown, J.
    et al.
    Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
    Söderbaum, Peter
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Industrial Economics and Organisation.
    Dereniowska, M.
    Aix-Marseille University (Aix Marseille School of Economics), CNRS, EHESS, France.
    Foreword2017In: Positional Analysis for Sustainable Development: Reconsidering Policy, Economics and Accounting, Taylor and Francis Inc. , 2017, p. ix-xChapter in book (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Brown, J.
    et al.
    Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
    Söderbaum, PeterMälardalen University.Dereniowska, M.Aix-Marseille University (Aix Marseille School of Economics), CNRS, EHESS, France.
    Positional analysis for sustainable development: Reconsidering policy, economics and accounting2017Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution of land and water, land-use changes, lack of equality and other problems at local, national and global levels represent a challenge for economics as a social science. Mainstream neoclassical economics may be able to contribute to a more sustainable society but it has also played a dominant role in a period where problems have been aggravated. A pluralist and democratic view of economics is therefore very much warranted. This book presents a multidimensional and ideologically more open view of economics: understanding economics in multidimensional terms is in accordance with the 17 sustainable development goals recognized by nations at the UN-level in 2015. Accordingly, approaches to decision making and accounting at the national- and business levels have to be reconsidered. Neoclassical Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) with focus on the monetary dimension and an assumed consensus about a specific market ideology to be applied is not compatible with democratic societies where citizen and actors in other roles normally differ with respect to ideological orientation. Environmental Impact Statements and Multi-Criteria methods are used to some extent to broaden approaches to decision-making. In this book, Positional Analysis is advocated as a multidimensional and ideologically open approach. Positional Analysis is based on a political economic conceptual framework (as part of ecological economics) that differs from neoclassical ideas of individuals, firms and markets. And since approaches to decision-making and to accounting are closely connected, a new theoretical perspective in economics similarly raises issues of how national and business accounting can be opened up to meet present demands among various actors in society. This perspective raises also numerous ethical questions at the science and policy interface that need to be properly addressed for sustainability decision making. 

  • 13.
    Brunklaus, Birgit
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden.
    Reitsma, Lizette
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden.
    Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie
    Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Innovation and Product Realisation. Region Västmanland Museum, Sweden.
    Ryöppy, Merja
    University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Ho, Hayley
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden.
    Nyström, Sofie
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden.
    Carbon theatre in public spaces: Using participatory theatre and co-designmethods in a museum for shaping lowcarbon lifestyles2019In: Life Cycle Management Conference 2019, Poznan, Polen, 2019, article id 97Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Over the past ten years, the need for public spaces to deal with burning societal issues, such as climate change, has become even more important. Participatory theatre offers ways to meet the longing for shared forums by engaging large groups of people in exploring difficult social dilemmas. It can potentially empower participants to change their own situations and organizations. In a previous design research project Quantifying your carbon footprint, this gap was in focus. We will use the findings from the Quantifying carbon footprint project as an entry point and expand it with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on objects from the current museum collection and on daily life activities that have a carbon impact. The goal of the project is to explore and understand the climate and environmental impacts of lifestyles. The method used here are participatory theatre and co-design methods and pop-up exhibitions are used to engage young citizens in negotiating social norms and understanding their possible impact on CO2 emissions. The museum collections play a crucial role in the process of understanding how LCA calculations are related to mundane objects and reflecting on the temporality of social norms that are negotiated and re-negotiated through the way we handle products and objects in our everyday life. Developing new practices for museums involving participatory methods in order to engage young citizens in climate research. The results of the introductory meeting and study visit show that using the museum’s collection, the history and the value of things in the past centuries become clear and easier to reflect on compared to today’s unsustainable lifestyle – travelling and over consumption. Carbon Dioxide Theatre is an attempt to shape a shared space on a local level, in line with the priorities of the museum’s three years plan.

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  • 14.
    Bröms, Maria
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Karlsson, Jenny
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Informationsarbete för energisparande åtgärder i hushåll: Fallstudie i samarbete med Västerås stad för identifiering av goda exempel i kommuners klimatkampanjer och informationsarbete2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the past five years the energy- and climate advisors representing the municipality of Västerås Sweden have conducted an energy-saving campaign concerning households, which will be completed during fall 2015. The aim of the campaign was to raise awareness of the free energy-guidance provided to inhabitants of Västerås and the necessary actions of households’ energy saving, to reach goal attainment of local and national environmental goals concerning climate change. In preparation of new innovative and effective ways to reach out to the public in the future, this study aims to identify future options by examining good examples through a case study of four different Swedish municipalities strategies and experiences with campaigns and information incentives. First scientific literature was reviewed to build a foundation of findings that the interviews could rest on. Thereafter preliminary investigation and one interview per municipality were conducted to get a deeper understanding of the information activities and approaches towards energy friendly behavior. The result show most monitoring and evaluation were based on statistics of people reached and the experience of the advisors or the inhabitants through surveys. All energy- and climate advisors agree upon the fact that the economical incentives to motivate energy conservation is dominating opposed to environmental incentives. The groups that are the hardest to reach are for instance individuals with low interest, not susceptible or those who do not speak the language. The good examples identified are represented by e.g. projects targeting the majority of households by monthly challenges, motivating climate friendly behavior and sustainable development in Örebro. Information incentives performed in Eskilstuna through meetings with an Arabic speaking energy advisor. As well as the 600m2 energy exhibition in Jönköping localized in connection to a shopping center.

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    Informationsarbete för energisparande åtgärder i hushåll
  • 15.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Ferrans, Laura
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Krumins, Janis
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Klavins, Maris
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Fluorescence Spectroscopy – Applied Tool for Organic Matter Analysis2019In: Goldschmidt Abstracts, 2019, 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Large applied projects in various sub-fields of environmental science studied and analyzed properties of organic matter. The “Life-Sure” is as continuation of started work for cost effective bottom sediments treatment where organic matter play important role of sorption of urban contaminants; “CONTRA” - beach wrack studies for advanced value-based bioeconomy development. Another project on Jurassic clay is interesting in discourse on Pleistocene glaciers glaciodynamics. Material from field was tested by 3D fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) providing “fingerprints” for a single compound or a mixture of fluorescent components. Thus humic macromolecules might be well seen nevertheless structural units have variable effects on the wavelength as well as intensity of fluorescence. It decreases with increasing molecular size of the humic macromolecule. For applied environmental projects this is well non-destructive tool to quantify the decomposition degree of organic matter requiring negligible amount of sample. This important method is valid for both organic matter and humic substances analytics. Chemical nature of humic substances can be correlated to structural information, e.g., functional groups, poly-condensation, aromaticity, dynamic properties related to intermolecular interactions. Acquired data from EEM provided significant input for scientific knowledge and innovation along with other analytical tools. 

  • 16.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Vincevica-Gaile, Zane
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Kriipsalu, Mait
    Estonia university of life sciences, Estonia;University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Klavins, Maris
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Setyobudi, Roy Hendroko
    university of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
    Bikše, Jānis
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Rud, Vasiliy
    Russian Agricultural Academy, Russia.
    Tamm, Toomas
    Estonia university of life sciences, Estonia.
    Environmental Quality of Groundwater in Contaminated Areas—Challenges in Eastern Baltic Region2020In: Water Resources Quality and Management in Baltic Sea Countries / [ed] Abdelazim M. Negm, Martina Zelenáková & Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka, Switzerland: Springer , 2020, p. 59-84Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The lack of water in the future will force society to find more sophisticated solutions for treatment and improvement of groundwater wherever it comes from. Contamination of soil and groundwater is a legacy of modern society, prevention of contaminants spread and secondary water reuse options shall be considered. The aim of the book chapter is to give oversight view on problems and challenges linked to groundwater quality in Eastern Baltic region whilst through case studies explaining the practical problems with groundwater monitoring, remediation and overall environmental quality analysis. The reader will get introduced with case studies in industry levels as credibility of scientific fundamentals is higher when practical solutions are shown. Eastern Baltic countries experience cover contamination problems that are mainly of historic origin due to former Soviet military and industrial policy implementation through decades. Short summaries for each case study are given and main conclusions provided in form of recommendations at the very end of the chapter.

  • 17.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Kriipsalu, M.
    Estonian Univ Life Sci, Estonia.
    Grinfelde, I.
    Latvia Univ Life Sci & Technol, Latvia.
    Pilecka, J.
    Latvia Univ Life Sci & Technol, Latvia.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Implementation of new concepts in waste management in tourist metropolitan areas2020In: 2019 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (ICESE 2019) / [ed] Sevilla, NPM Quanrud, D, IOP Publishing , 2020, p. 1-10, article id 012017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The urban waste in tourist cities needs comprehensive global research efforts and proceeded action as for metropolitan areas huge impact and load on waste management is generated. Waste management and resource conservation strategies are prepared in state-of-the-art level however implementation and future improvement of the current situation is crucial. Some examples in waste prevention and management for better tourism, waste and resource management are provided in the paper as outcomes from Horizon2020 project "Urban Strategies for Waste Management in Tourist Cities". The policy and tools based on information gathered by scientists, municipal and NGOs experience (e.g. separation of bio-waste in catering industries, "sin-wastes" as from the bars, nightclubs and smoker places, reuse of unnecessary items that can serve for others and many more) are described. In addition, regulatory instruments (e.g. ban of plastic bags, reduction of allowed bio-waste in landfilling), economic instruments (taxes) and voluntary agreements (e.g. deposit systems; cleaning actions by volunteers) might be used to implement and elaborate the situation within environmental management and prevention practices in tourist metropolitan cities. Food waste prevention, beach and littoral management, special practices for festival waste and large amount specific waste generating facilities (e.g., entertainment industry, cruises etc.) are of high importance. The future outlook may be concentrated on digitalizing of waste flows and using the "big data" concept for better and smarter waste management.

  • 18.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Kriipsalu, Mait
    Estonian Univ Life Sci, Estonia.
    Vincevica-Gaile, Zane
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Kaczala, Fabio
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Celma, Gunita
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Ozola, Ruta
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Rozina, Laine
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Rudovica, Vita
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Hogland, Marika
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Viksna, Arturs
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Pehme, Kaur-Mikk
    Estonian Univ Life Sci, Estonia.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Klavins, Maris
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    On the way to 'zero waste' management: Recovery potential of elements, including rare earth elements, from fine fraction of waste2018In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 186, p. 81-90Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Existing schemes of solid waste handling have been improved implementing advanced systems for recovery and reuse of various materials. Nowadays, the 'zero waste' concept is becoming more topical through the reduction of disposed waste. Recovery of metals, nutrients and other materials that can be returned to the material cycles still remain as a challenge for future. Landfill mining (LFM) is one of the approaches that can deal with former dumpsites, and derived materials may become important for circular economy within the concept 'beyond the zero waste'. Perspectives of material recovery can include recycling of critical industrial metals, including rare earth elements (REEs). The LFM projects performed in the Baltic Region along with a conventional source separation of iron-scrap, plastics etc. have shown that the potential of fine-grained fractions (including clay and colloidal matter) of excavated waste have considerably large amounts of potentially valuable metals and distinct REEs. In this paper analytical screening studies are discussed extending the understanding of element content in fine fraction of waste derived from excavated, separated and screened waste in a perspective of circular economy. Technological feasibility was evaluated by using modified sequential extraction technique where easy extractable amount of metals can be estimated. Results revealed that considerable concentrations of Mn (418-823 mg/kg), Ni (41-84 mg/kg), Co (10.7-19.3 mg/kg) and Cd (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) were detected in fine fraction (<10 mm) of waste sampled from Hogbytorp landfill, while Cr (49-518 mg/kg) and Pb (30-264 mg/kg) were found in fine fraction (<10 mm) of waste from Torma landfill revealing wide heterogeneity of tested samples. Waste should become a utilizable resource closing the loop of anthropogenic material cycle as the hidden potential of valuable materials in dumps is considerable.

  • 19.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    et al.
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Kriipsalu, Mait
    Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia.
    Arina, Dace
    Institute of Physical Energetics, Latvia.
    Kaczala, Fabio
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Ozola, Ruta
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Denafas, Gintaras
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Hogland, Marika
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Mykhaylenko, Valeriy
    Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine.
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Orupold, Kaja
    Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia.
    Turkadze, Tsitsino
    A. Tsereteli State University, Georgia.
    Daugelaite, Valdone
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Bucinskas, Algimantas
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Rudovica, Vita
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Horttanainen, Mika
    Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.
    Klavins, Maris
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Metals and rare Earth’s elements in landfills: case studies2016In: 3rd Int. Symposium on Enhanced Landfill Mining, Lisboa, 8-10/2/2016, 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Landfills are considered as places where the life cycle of products ends and materialshave been “disposed forever”. The landfill mining (LFM) approach can deal with formerdumpsites and this material may become important for circular economy perspectiveswithin the concept “Beyond the zero waste”. Potential material recovery should includeperspectives of recycling of critical industrial metals where rare Earth elements (REEs)are playing more and more important role. Real-time applied LFM projects in the BalticRegion have shown the potential of fine-grained fractions (including clay and colloidalmatter) of excavated waste as storage of considerably large amounts of valuable metalsand REEs. Analytical screening studies have extended a bit further the understanding offine fraction contents of excavated, separated and screened waste in a circular economyperspective. The Swedish Institute and Latvian Research Program “Res Prod” supportedthe research.

  • 20.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Kriipsalu, Mait
    Estonian Univ Life Sci, Estonia.
    Klavins, Maris
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Bhatnagar, Amit
    Univ Eastern Finland, Finland.
    Vincevica-Gaile, Zane
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Stenis, Jan
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Mykhaylenko, Valeriy
    Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Ukraine.
    Denafas, Gintaras
    Fac Chem Technol, Lithuania.
    Turkadze, Tsitsino
    Akaki Tsereteli State Univ, Republic of Georgia.
    Hogland, Marika
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Rudovica, Vita
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Kaczala, Fabio
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Rosendal, Rene Moller
    Danish Waste Solut ApS, Denmark.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Paradigms on landfill mining: From dump site scavenging to ecosystem services revitalization2017In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, E-ISSN 1879-0658, Vol. 123, p. 73-84Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For the next century to come, one of the biggest challenges is to provide the mankind with relevant and sufficient resources. Recovery of secondary resources plays a significant role. Industrial processes developed to regain minerals for commodity production in a circular economy become ever more important in the European Union and worldwide. Landfill mining (LFM) constitutes an important technological toolset of processes that regain resources and redistribute them with an accompanying reduction of hazardous influence of environmental contamination and other threats for human health hidden in former dump sites and landfills. This review paper is devoted to LFM problems, historical development and driving paradigms of LFM from 'classical hunting for valuables' to 'perspective in ecosystem revitalization'. The main goal is to provide a description of historical experience and link it to more advanced concept of a circular economy. The challenge is to adapt the existing knowledge to make decisions in accordance with both, economic feasibility and ecosystems revitalization aspects. (

  • 21.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Kriipsalu, Mait
    Estonian Univ Life Sci, Estonia.
    Porshnov, Dmitry
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Ozols, Viesturs
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Pehme, Kaur-Mikk
    Estonian Univ Life Sci, Estonia.
    Rudovica, Vita
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Grinfelde, Inga
    Latvia Univ Life Sci & Technol, Latvia.
    Pilecka, Jovita
    Latvia Univ Life Sci & Technol, Latvia.
    Vincevica-Gaile, Zane
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Turkadze, Tsitsino
    Akaki Tsereteli State Univ, Georgia.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Klavins, Maris
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe2019In: Separations, E-ISSN 2297-8739, Vol. 6, no 2, p. 1-8, article id 25Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For decades, significant work has been conducted regarding plastic waste by dealing with rejected materials in waste masses through their accumulation, sorting and recycling. Important political and technical challenges are involved, especially with respect to landfilled waste. Plastic is popular and, notwithstanding decrease policies, it will remain a material widely used in most economic sectors. However, questions of plastic waste recycling in the contemporary world cannot be solved without knowing the material, which can be achieved by careful sampling, analysis and quantification. Plastic is heterogeneous, but usually all plastic waste is jointly handled for recycling and incineration. Separation before processing waste through the analytical approach must be applied. Modern landfill mining and site clean-up projects in contemporary waste management systems require comprehensive material studies ranging from the macro-characterization of waste masses to a more detailed analysis of hazardous constituents and properties from an energy calorific standpoint-where, among other methods, thermogravimetric research coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic assessment is highly welcomed.

  • 22.
    Carlsen, Inger-Marie
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Efterpolering med våtmark: Hur kan det användas vid Haga reningsverk?2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this report is to present a proposal for a constructed wetland as a complement toHaga treatment plants, Surahammar. First, a literature study in the subject was made andthen a case study was conducted, where Ekeby and Trosa wetland was visited. Parallel anarchival study was performed and several field visits were made to the proposed site toinvestigate the local conditions for constructing a wetland adjacent to Haga treatment plants.Finally, a proposal for the design of the constructed wetland was made. The proposalincludes an oxygenating area for reduction of ammonium to nitrate followed by a system ofdams and channels to convert nitrate to nitrogen diffuses into the air. Phosphorus removaltakes place throughout the residence time in the wetland, as well as reduction of the bacterialload. Expected results for the outgoing water from the wetland is that P-tot can be reduced to0.10-0.11 mg / l, N-tot can be reduced to 11-14 mg / l, a reduction of E. coli, fecal streptococciand intestinal streptococci by 70-99% and a little reduction of residues from drugs take placedue to oxygenation and the UV-irradiation of the water.

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    fulltext
  • 23.
    Chen, Yushun
    et al.
    Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
    Zhang, Shuanghu
    China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China .
    Huang, Desheng
    Ministry of Environmental Protection of People's Republic of China, Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, Beijing, China .
    Li, Bailian
    University of California, Riverside, Riverside, United States .
    Liu, Junguo
    South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China .
    Liu, Wenjin
    Orient Landscape Industry Group Ltd., Beijing, China.
    Ma, Jing
    China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, China .
    Wang, Fang
    China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, China .
    Wang, Yong
    Alabama A and M University, Huntsville, United States .
    Wu, Shengjun
    Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .
    Wu, Yegang
    Shanghai BoDa Development Corporation, Shanghai, China .
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Guo, Chuanbo
    Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China .
    Xin, Wei
    Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China .
    Wang, Hao
    China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China .
    The development of China's Yangtze River Economic Belt: how to make it in a green way?2017In: Science Bulletin, ISSN 2095-9273, Vol. 62, no 9, p. 648-651Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Danielsson, Maria
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Ekologiska livsmedel i kommunal verksamhet: Fallstudie över Ludvika kommuns satsning på ekologiska livsmedel inom skola och äldreomsorg2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Organic food is produced in a way that strives towards maintaining and improving natural resources. The welfare of both producers and consumers is central, also taking both animals and the environment into account. The Swedish government finds this important and in 2006 they made a resolution that the consumption of organic food should be stimulated. The goal was that 25 % of the municipalities’ consumption of food should be organic in 2010.

    The municipality of Ludvika reached the government's target in 2011 and is currently increasing their proportion of organic food by one new product every year.  Ludvika is a member of The National Association of Swedish Eco-municipalities and the town of Ludvika is also a Fairtrade city. These commitments have resulted in an increased focus on environmental and justice issues, where organic food is an important part.

    An analysis of Ludvika’s work with organic food was done throughout this thesis. The results were then compared to the leading municipality in the county, Borlänge, which is also the best in the nation. This was done to give a picture of how their work is done today and how it could evolve in the future. The municipality of Ludvika has a good diet policy and an ambitious theoretical basis for their climate policy. The membership of the The National Association of Swedish Eco-municipalities and the fact that Ludvika is a Fairtrade city is founded on certain commitments and strategies. The action taken in accordance with these strategies can be more clear and closer to the initial level of ambition.

    The importance of a holistic approach has been mentioned in this thesis. It has been suggested how the choice of organic food contribute to a better environment and health, relative to the use of taxes paid by the inhabitants.

    An important conclusion from the comparison with the leading municipality in organic foods is that it has not had to be more expensive to increase the share of organic food. Through good planning, innovation and an increased knowledge much can be done, even if a limited budget initially is perceived as a problem.

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    Ekologiska livsmedel i kommunal verksamhet
  • 25.
    Denafas, G.
    et al.
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Bučinskas, A
    Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Dace, E
    Riga Technical University, Latvia.
    Bazienė, K
    Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania.
    Horttanainen, M
    Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.
    Havukainen, J
    Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.
    Kaartinen, T
    VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Finland.
    Rosendal, R
    Danish Waste Solutions, Denmark.
    Kriipsalu, M
    Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia.
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Investigation for landfill mining feasibilities in the Nordic and Baltic countries: overview of project results2016In: CYPRUS 2016 4th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, At Limassol, Cyprus, 23–25 June 2016., 2016, p. 1-13Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Einarsson, Alex
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Miljökänslighetskartor: Hur man arbetar med dem i Umeå kommun2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    This thesis is about how Umea Municipality is working with environmental sensitivity maps. Surveys have been sent to the environmental office, fire department and Lantmäteriet. A literature study has been done in order to found out why it’s important for the fire department to take into account the environment. The starting point for this study has been the environmental sensitivity map that was made for the municipality of Umea in 1998 for accidents where firefighting water and chemicals are involved. Fires can cause many environmental problems. A substance that can spread in the environment when a fire happens is cadmium which can make it difficult for animals to absorb nutrients in the food they eat. The firewater can contain many substances that are harmful to the environment for ex. volatile organic compounds (VOC). A groundwater map from the geological survey of Sweden (SGU) and Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) for the fire department in Umea municipality was made in 2007. The groundwater map is used in the fire trucks in a GPS system. They can see directly on the GPS a map for the area where the accident has happened. It’s used when there is a chemical leaking for example from a truck that has gone off the road. The map that shows environmental sensitive areas is used by the fire department in Umea municipality and the environmental office. Firefighters have to call the fire station or the environmental office to get information from the map. The bad thing is that the map for environmentally sensitive areas is not updated.

     

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    fulltext
  • 27.
    Envall, Ida
    et al.
    Swedish Res Council Environm, Agr Sci & Spatial Planning Formas, Sweden.
    Fagerlund, Fritjof
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Westholm, Lena Johansson
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Bring, Arvid
    Swedish Res Council Environm, Agr Sci & Spatial Planning Formas, Sweden.
    Land, Magnus
    Swedish Res Council Environm, Agr Sci & Spatial Planning Formas, Sweden.
    Åberg, Charlotte
    Swedish Res Council Environm, Agr Sci & Spatial Planning Formas, Sweden.
    Haddaway, Neal R.
    Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res ZALF, Germany.
    Gustafsson, Jon Petter
    Existing evidence related to soil retention of phosphorus from on-site wastewater treatment systems in boreal and temperate climate zones: a systematic map2023In: Environmental Evidence, E-ISSN 2047-2382, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In Sweden there are nearly one million soil-based on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs). OWTSs may contribute to eutrophication of surface waters, due to the discharge of phosphorus (P). Hence, in certain cases, a high P removal rate (up to 90%) of OWTSs is required by Swedish authorities. Since these requirements may have costly consequences to property owners, it is debated whether they are too strict. In this debate, it is often claimed that the soil retention of P occurring in the natural environments may be underestimated by authorities. Soil retention is the inhibition of the transport of P through the ground, due to different chemical, physical and biological processes occurring there. These processes make the P transport slower, which may reduce the unwanted impact on receiving water bodies. However, the efficiency of soil retention of P remains unclear. The objective of this systematic map was to collect, code, organise and elucidate the relevant evidence related to the topic, to be able to guide stakeholders through the evidence base, and to support future research synthesising, commissioning, and funding. The systematic map was carried out in response to needs declared by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management but the conclusions should be valid for a wider range of countries across boreo-temperate regions.

    Methods: Searches were made for peer-reviewed and grey literature using bibliographic databases, search engines, specialist websites, and stakeholder contacts. The references were screened for relevance according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. A detailed database of the relevant studies was compiled. Data and metadata that enable evaluation and discussion of the character and quality of the evidence base were extracted and coded. Special focus was placed on assessing if existing evidence could contribute to policy and practice decision making. Descriptive information about the evidence base was presented in tables and figures. An interactive evidence atlas and a choropleth were created, displaying the locations of all studies.

    Review findings: 234 articles out of 10,797 screened records fulfilled the eligibility criteria. These articles contain 256 studies, performed in the field or in the laboratory. Six different study types were identified, based on where the measurements were conducted. Most studies, including laboratory studies, lack replicates. Most field studies are observational case studies.

    Conclusions: It is not possible to derive valid generic measures of the efficiency of soil retention of P occurring in the natural soil environment from available research. Neither does the evidence base allow for answering the question of the magnitude of the potential impact of OWTSs on the P concentration in recipients on a general basis, or under what conditions OWTSs generally have such an impact. A compilation of groundwater studies may provide examples of how far the P may reach in x years, but the number of groundwater studies is insufficient to draw any general conclusions, given the complexity and variability of the systems. Future research should strive for replicated study designs, more elaborate reporting, and the establishment of a reporting standard.

  • 28.
    Eriksson, Mattias
    et al.
    Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Malefors, Christopher
    Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Bergström, Pauline
    Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Emelie
    Swedish National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Persson Osowski, Christine
    Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Quantities and quantification methodologies of food waste in Swedish hospitals2020In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 12, no 8, article id 3116Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To move towards a sustainable food system, we cannot continue to waste substantial amounts of the food produced. This is especially true for later stages in the food supply chain, where most sub-processes consume resources in vain when food is wasted. Hospitals are located at the end of the food supply chain and the sector has high levels of food waste. This study investigated food waste quantification practices in Swedish hospitals, examined whether a questionnaire is an appropriate methodology for such mapping, and compiled data for the sector in order to determine the amount of food waste and its composition. A questionnaire was sent to all 21 regional authorities, formerly known as county councils, responsible for hospitals in Sweden. The questionnaire responses were supplemented with food waste records from three regions that organize the catering in a total of 20 hospitals. The results showed that it is common practice in most hospitals to quantify food waste, with quantification focusing on lunch and dinner in relation to the number of guests served. It was also clear that waste quantification practices have been established for years, and in the majority of the hospitals studied. The data revealed that, in comparison with other sectors, food waste was still high, 111 g guest(-1) meal(-1), consisting of 42% plate waste, 36% serving waste, and 22% kitchen waste. However, there was great variation between hospitals, which, in combination with well-established, standardized waste quantification routines, meaning that this sector has strong potential to spread best practices and improve overall performance in reducing food waste generation.

  • 29.
    Eriksson, Mattias
    et al.
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Sweden.
    Persson Osowski, Christine
    Uppsala universitet, Sweden.
    Malefors, Christopher
    Mat Mattekn & Uppsala AB, Sweden.
    Björkman, Jesper
    Mat Mattekn & Uppsala AB, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Emelie
    Sala Municipal, Catering Serv Unit, Tech Off, Sweden.
    Quantification of food waste in public catering services: A case study from a Swedish municipality2017In: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 61, p. 415-422Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Food waste is a major problem that must be reduced in order to achieve a sustainable food supply chain. Since food waste valorisation measures, like energy recovery, have limited possibilities to fully recover the resources invested in food production, there is a need to prevent food waste. Prevention is most important at the end of the value chain, where the largest number of sub-processes have already taken place and occur in vain if the food is not used for its intended purpose, i.e. consumption. Catering facilities and households are at the very end of the food supply chain, and in Sweden the public catering sector serves a large number of meals through municipal organisations, including schools, preschools and elderly care homes. Since the first step in waste reduction is to establish a baseline measurement in order to identify problems, this study sought to quantify food waste in schools, preschools and elderly care homes in one municipality in Sweden. The quantification was conducted during three months, spread out over three semesters, and was performed in all 30 public kitchen units in the municipality of Sala. The kitchen staff used kitchen scales to quantify the mass of wasted and served food divided into serving waste (with sub-categories), plate waste and other food waste. The food waste level was quantified as 75 g of food waste per portion served, or 23% of the mass of food served. However, there was great variation between kitchens, with the waste level ranging from 33 g waste per portion served (13%) to 131 g waste per portion served (34%). Wasted food consisted of 64% serving waste, 33% plate waste and 3% other food waste. Preschools had a lower waste level than schools, possibly due to preschool carers eating together with the children. Kitchens that received warm food prepared in another kitchen (satellite kitchens) had a 42% higher waste level than kitchens preparing all food themselves (production units), possibly due to the latter having higher flexibility in cooking the right amount of food and being able to chill and save surplus food. The large variation between kitchens indicates that they have different causes of food waste, but also different opportunities to reduce it. Detailed waste quantification for each kitchen can therefore be the first step in the process of waste reduction.

  • 30.
    Farooq, U.
    et al.
    East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
    Danish, M.
    East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
    Lu, S.
    East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
    Brusseau, M. L.
    The University of Arizona,Tucson, AZ, United States.
    Naqvi, Muhammad
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Fu, X.
    East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
    Zhang, X.
    East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
    Sui, Q.
    East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
    Qiu, Z.
    East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
    Efficient transformation in characteristics of cations supported-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for the destruction of trichloroethane2017In: Applied Catalysis A: General, ISSN 0926-860X, E-ISSN 1873-3875, Vol. 544, p. 10-20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Experiments were conducted to investigate the use of graphene-oxide supported metallic nanocomposites for improving the degradation of trichloroethane (TCA) by sodium percarbonate (SPC). Two methods of production, chemical reduction (CR) and solvo-thermal (ST), were tested for preparation of single (Fe) and binary (Fe-Cu) nanocomposites supported by reduced graphene oxide (rGO). A variety of analytical techniques including N2 adsorption Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transfrom infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmisison electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to characterize the physicochemical and microstructural properties of the synthesized nanocomposites. The characterization indicated that the CR method produced nanocomposites that comprised only mesoporous structure. Conversely, both micro and mesoporous structures were present for samples produced with the ST method. The synthesized single and bimetallic composites produced from the ST method showed higher surface areas, i.e. 93.6 m2/g and 119.2 m2/g as compared to the ones synthesized via the CR method, i.e. 13.8 m2/g and 38.0 m2/g respectively. The results of FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed that the ST method produced highly crystalline nanocomposites. SEM and TEM analysis validated that metallic particles with definite morphology well distributed on the surface of rGO. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the homogeneity nanocomposites and occurrence of variation in copper oxidation states during degradation process. EDS mapping validate the homogeneous distribution of Cu and Fe at reduced graphene oxide surface. The Fe-Cu/rGO (ST) activated SPC system effectively degraded TCA (92%) in 2.5 h at low nanocomposite dose compared to the Fe-Cu/rGO (CR) and only Fe, for which the maximum degradation efficiencies achieved were 81% and 34%. In conclusion, excellent catalytic characteristics were observed for the ST-synthesized single and bimetallic (Fe/rGO, Fe-Cu/rGO) catalysts. These catalysts were successful in improving the degradation of TCA via activated SPC. 

  • 31.
    Feng, D.
    et al.
    China Energy Engineering Group Jiangsu Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210012, China.
    Xu, W.
    China Energy Engineering Group Jiangsu Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210012, China.
    Gao, X.
    Institute of the Building Environment & Sustainability Technology, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China.
    Yang, Y.
    China Energy Engineering Group Jiangsu Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210012, China.
    Feng, S.
    China Energy Engineering Group Jiangsu Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210012, China.
    Yang, X.
    Institute of the Building Environment & Sustainability Technology, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China.
    Li, Hailong
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Carbon Emission Prediction and the Reduction Pathway in Industrial Parks: A Scenario Analysis Based on the Integration of the LEAP Model with LMDI Decomposition2023In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 16, no 21, article id 7356Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Global climate change imposes significant challenges on the ecological environment and human sustainability. Industrial parks, in line with the national climate change mitigation strategy, are key targets for low-carbon revolution within the industrial sector. To predict the carbon emission of industrial parks and formulate the strategic path of emission reduction, this paper amalgamates the benefits of the “top-down” and “bottom-up” prediction methodologies, incorporating the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) decomposition method and long-range energy alternatives planning (LEAP) model, and integrates the Tapio decoupling theory to predict the carbon emissions of an industrial park cluster of an economic development zone in Yancheng from 2020 to 2035 under baseline (BAS) and low-carbon scenarios (LC1, LC2, and LC3). The findings suggest that, in comparison to the BAS scenario, the carbon emissions in the LC1, LC2, and LC3 scenarios decreased by 30.4%, 38.4%, and 46.2%, respectively, with LC3 being the most suitable pathway for the park’s development. Finally, the paper explores carbon emission sources, and analyzes emission reduction potential and optimization measures of the energy structure, thus providing a reference for the formulation of emission reduction strategies for industrial parks. 

  • 32.
    Ferrans, Laura
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia.
    Klavins, Maris
    University of Latvia, Latvia.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Chemical speciation of metals from marine sediments: assessment of potential pollution risk while dredging, a case study in southern Sweden2021In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 263, no January, p. 1-9, article id 128105Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Contamination associated with metals is a critical concern related to their toxicity, persistence, and bio-accumulation. Trace elements are partitioned into several chemical forms, which some are more labile during fluctuations in the environment. Studying the distribution of metals between the different chemical fractions contributes to assess their bioavailability and to identify their potential risk of contamination to surrounding environments. This study concerns the speciation of metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Fe) from sediments coming out from Malmfjärden bay, Sweden. The aim was to assess the potential risk of metal pollution during present and future dredging as well as while using dredged sediments in beneficial uses. The Tessier speciation procedure was chosen, and the results showed that low concentrations of metals were associated with the exchangeable fraction. In contrast, the major concentrations were linked to the residual part. The risk indexes (contamination factor and risk assessment code) showed that, during dredging activities, there is a low concern of pollution for Cr, Ni and Fe and a medium risk for Pb and Zn. Additionally, in all elements, the sum of non-residual concentrations was below the Swedish limits for using dredged sediments in sensitive lands. The findings suggested that the investigated metals in Malmfjärden sediments are related to low risks of spreading during using in beneficial uses.

  • 33.
    Ferrans, Laura
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Gao, Ling
    Beihua University, China.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Characterization of dredged sediments: a first guide to define potentially valuable compounds - the case of Malmfjärden Bay, Sweden2019In: Advances in Geosciences, ISSN 1680-7340, E-ISSN 1680-7359, Vol. 49, p. 137-147Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Millions of tons of bottom sediments are dredged annually all over the world. Ports and bays need to extract the sediments to guarantee the navigation levels or remediate the aquatic ecosystem. The removed material is commonly disposed of in open oceans or landfills. These disposal methods are not in line with circular-economy goals and additionally are unsuitable due to their legal and environmental compatibility. Recovery of valuables represents a way to eliminate dumping and contributes towards the sustainable extraction of secondary raw materials. Nevertheless, the recovery varies on a case-by-case basis and depends on the sediment components. Therefore, the first step is to analyse and identify the sediment composition and properties. Malmfjärden is a shallow semi-enclosed bay located in Kalmar, Sweden. Dredging of sediments is required to recuperate the water level. This study focuses on characterizing the sediments, pore water and surface water from the bay to uncover possible sediment recovery paths and define the baseline of contamination in the water body. The results showed that the bay had high amounts of nitrogen (170–450 µg L−1 ), leading to eutrophication problems. The sediments mainly comprised small size particle material (silt, clay and sand proportions of 62 %–79 %, 14 %–20 %, 7 %–17 %, respectively) and had a medium–high level of nitrogen (7400–11 000 mg kg−1 ). Additionally, the sediments had little presence of organic pollutants and low–medium concentration of metals or metalloids. The characterization of the sediments displays a potential use in less sensitive lands such as in industrial and commercial areas where the sediments can be employed as construction material or as plant-growing substrate (for ornamental gardens or vegetation beside roads).

  • 34.
    Ferrans, Laura
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Jani, Yahya
    Malmö University, Sweden.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Chemical extraction of trace elements from dredged sediments into a circular economy perspective: Case study on Malmfjärden Bay, south-eastern Sweden2021In: Resources, Environment and Sustainability, E-ISSN 2666-9161, Vol. 6, article id 100039Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Worldwide, sediments are dredged from water bodies to guarantee proper water levels and remediate aquatic ecosystems. Dredged sediments contain metals that could interfere with recycling if the concentrations overpass permissible limits. Washing of elements from sediments represents a technique to decrease the concentration of metals, and it could introduce a new source of elements. The current study aimed to employ ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylenediamine-disuccinic acid (EDDS) and investigate the effect of operational parameters (concentration and pH) on the chemical extraction of metals from dredged sediments. Core sediments were extracted from sampling stations around Malmfjärden bay, Sweden. The results suggested that lead, zinc and copper were the elements with higher extraction rates, followed by arsenic and nickel. Chromium was poorly extracted. EDTA was more efficient than EDDS in dissolving the elements. Moreover, acidic conditions offered higher extraction rates for As using both chelators and for Pb employing EDTA. The 0.05 M concentration presented a higher mean extraction rate than 0.01 M for Cu, Cr and Ni for EDTA and EDDS. The findings in this study suggest that sediment washing is a promising technique to decrease metal concentrations in sediments and enhancing the feasibility to use the material for beneficial uses.

  • 35.
    Ferrans, Laura
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Testing of heavy metals recovery from dredged sediments2019In: Sediment as a dynamic natural resource from catchment to open sea / [ed] Marjan Euser, 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 36.
    Guo, Kun
    et al.
    Univ Stavanger, Norway.
    Li, Hailong
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Yu, Zhixin
    Univ Stavanger, Norway.
    Metallic nanoparticles for enhanced heavy oil recovery: promises and challenges2015In: Energy Procedia, ISSN 1876-6102, p. 2068-2073Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With the increasing global energy demand, great attention has been focused on utilizing heavy oil and bitumen, which are potentially located ultra-deep underground and cannot be easily recovered. Numerous recovery approaches have been proposed for successful extraction of heavy hydrocarbons from ultra-deep reservoirs. However, these approached are often accompanied by high energy consumption, large amounts of wastewater generation, and undesirable environmental damage. Nanotechnology has appeared as one of the promising technologies for in-situ heavy oil recovery, e.g., employing metal-based nanoparticles. In this article, we provide a brief overview of metallic nanoparticles for in-situ enhanced recovery of heavy oil. It gives a general introduction of the potential advantages of nanoparticle catalysts for heavy oil recovery and illustrates the improved recovery mechanism. Some technology challenges related to this promising technology will also be pinpointed. These technology challenges need to be solved through further research and development before field applications. 

  • 37.
    Hakalehto, E.
    et al.
    University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Heitto, A.
    University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Andersson, Henny
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Lindmark, Johan
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Jansson, Joakim
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Reijonen, T.
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.
    Suhonen, A.
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.
    Jääskeläinen, A.
    Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.
    Laatikainen, R.
    University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
    Schwede, Sebastian
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Klintenberg, Patrik
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center.
    Some remarks on processing of slaughterhouse wastes from ecological chicken abattoir and farm2016In: Microbiological Industrial Hygiene, Nova Science Publishers, Inc. , 2016, p. 271-293Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the meat industries, it is always of high importance to follow up the zoonotic and other hazardous micro-organisms, and to prevent their risky distribution, emission and dissemination. Besides proper hygiene control, as well as organized exploitation of the side streams and slaughterhouse wastes helps in the hygienization of the biomasses, processes, and the entire industry. During this experimentation it turned out that it was possible to produce gases and chemical goods, not only from the carboxylates, but also from the more tedious protein and lipid containing wastes. Moreover, these promising results were obtained from a substrate mix with manure and wood chips. These results implied to the high versatility and flexibility of the bioprocess during Pilot A tests within the European Union Baltic Sea region project ABOWE. In Sweden these tests were carried out using the combined wastes from the ecological chicken farm and abattoir as the raw materials. This is a report of the practical set up during intensive experimentation conducted jointly by the Swedish and Finnish personnel. The report of the runs in Sweden is presented also in the public report of the European Union funded project (www.abowe.eu).

  • 38.
    Halléhn, Lisa
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Alternativ till plast i storkök: Nuläge och utbytesförslag för kommunala storkök inom Eskilstuna kommun2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this degree project was to study the use and presence of plastic in municipal large-scale catering establishments from preschool to high school and in geriatric care. It was also to get a deeper knowledge about the substance BPA and the plastic PVC and their connection with food. The third aim was to lay forward some suggestions for Eskilstuna about continued work and substitution in their municipal large-scale kitchens. The means for data gathering was databases, websites, scientific reports, on site visits, interviews, online survey and communication by phone and email. The result from the case study was that plastic articles as containers, disposable materials, utensils and food packages for storing food were used in hot, ambient, cold and freezing temperatures. Nine types of plastic were found: PP, PE, PC, PVC, PA, PS, PET, melanin and SAN. All large-scale kitchens had disposable gloves, plastic films and plastic bags. In the first two examples, some brands were made of PVC-plastic. PC-plastic was found in some drinking glasses, plastic food pans, utensils, bowls and jugs. BPA is a common additive in production of PC-plastic and therefore these articles may contain BPA. Between all ten municipal large-scale kitchens, there are some differences and similarities. Of all the kitchens, no one had exactly the same articles or methods, and some had also special routines that differed from the others. The suggestions to Eskilstuna municipality were to remove those articles that contained BPA or chlorinated plastics (especially those products that already had an alternative on the procurement contract), contact the suppliers and wholesalers and ask which products that both are made of PC and contain BPA or other bisphenols, develop a exchange plan for products that do not fulfil the future regulations of KRAV and finally demand in procurement that the product do not contain BPA, PVC or other chlorinated plastics.

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    Alternativ till plast i storkök - rapport
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    Alternativ till plast i storkök - bilaga 1:1
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    Alternativ till plast i storkök - bilaga 1:2
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    Alternativ till plast i storkök - bilaga 2
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    Alternativ till plast i storkök - bilaga 3
  • 39.
    Helfgott, A.
    et al.
    Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Government of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
    Midgley, Gerald
    Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering. Centre for Systems Studies, Faculty of Business, Law and Politics, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.
    Chaudhury, A.
    Saïd Business School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Vervoort, J.
    Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Sova, C.
    World Food Program, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, United States.
    Ryan, A.
    MaRS Discovery District, Toronto, Canada.
    Multi-level participation in integrative, systemic planning: The case of climate adaptation in Ghana2023In: European Journal of Operational Research, ISSN 0377-2217, E-ISSN 1872-6860, Vol. 309, no 3, p. 1201-1217Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adaptation to climate change is impacted by a range of interrelated processes operating from local to global levels. There are often significant disconnects between different people's perceptions of responsibilities, capabilities and motivations, and divergent understandings of how the system works across actors, sectors and levels of governance. This results in misalignments of policies and practices, plus ineffective flows of resources and knowledge across the network of climate adaptation actors. As these disconnects are rooted in deep misunderstandings of the grounded realities of different actors, an experiential process of mutual discovery is required to build shared understanding and mutual respect. While it is common in the literature for people to talk about multi-level governance, most existing planning processes involve the production of separate plans at each individual level, based on the often-mistaken assumption that they will aggregate into an effective multi-level approach. This paper presents a new, multi-level integrated planning and implementation (MIPI) process, bringing together diverse actors from community, district, regional and national levels in the same workshop. The MIPI process creates a safe space that allows participants to interact directly in conducting systemic, cross-level analyses, as well as the multi-level integration of policies, plans and programs. The paper describes how the MIPI process was designed and facilitated in Ghana to address climate change, agricultural development and food security. This methodology has potential for much broader applicability to complex, multi-level planning and implementation processes.

  • 40.
    Hogland, Marika
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Arina, Dace
    Inst Phys Energet, Latvia.
    Kriipsalu, Mait
    Estonian Univ Life Sci, Estonia.
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Kaczala, Fabio
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    de Sa Salomao, Andre Luis
    Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
    Orupold, Kaja
    Estonian Univ Life Sci, Estonia.
    Pehme, Kaur-Mikk
    Estonian Univ Life Sci, Estonia.
    Rudovica, Vita
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Denafas, Gintaras
    Kaunas Technol Univ, Lithuania.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Vincevica-Gaile, Zane
    Univ Latvia, Latvia.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Remarks on four novel landfill mining case studies in Estonia and Sweden2018In: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, ISSN 1438-4957, E-ISSN 1611-8227, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 1355-1363Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In common sense, a landfill is a place where the life cycle of products ends. Landfill mining (LFM) mostly deals with former dumpsites and derived material may have a significant importance for the circular economy. Deliverables of recently applied LFM projects in Sweden and Estonia have revealed the potential and problems for material recovery. There are 75-100 thousand old landfills and dumps in the Baltic Sea Region, and they pose environmental risks to soil, water and air by pollution released from leachate and greenhouse gas emissions. Excavation of landfills is potential solution for solving these problems, and at the same time, there are perspectives to recover valuable lands and materials, save expenses for final coverage of the landfills and aftercare control. The research project "Closing the Life Cycle of Landfills-Landfill Mining in the Baltic Sea Region for Future" included investigation at four case studies in Estonia and Sweden: Kudjape, Torma, Hogbytorp and Vika landfills. Added value of this research project is characterization of waste fine fraction material, determination of concentration for most critical and rare earth elements. The main results showed that both, coarse and fine, fractions of waste might have certain opportunities of recovery.

  • 41.
    Hogland, William
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Burlakovs, Juris
    Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia.
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Sorting of wastewaters for urban and rural recycling and reuse2019In: XVI-th International youth Science and Environmental Baltic Region Countries Forum 7–9 October 2019, Gdansk, Poland, Institute of Physics (IOP) , 2019, p. 1-5, article id 012001Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Drinking water of good quality, in enough quantity at right time start to be very scarce in the world. At the same time perfect drinking water is used to flushing toilet, cleansing of sewage pipes, washing of industry floors, firefighting, washing of cars and trucks etc. Also agriculture is suffering of lack of water for irrigation during dry periods and it is necessary to use drinking water or river/lake water of high quality to get rich harvest of good quality. In the future drinking water must just be used as food stuff and not wasted in the society. People must, since they are children, be trained to respect the drinking water and not waste a single drop. Also, storm water can be considered as a source of fresh water if it collected and recycled properly. Recycling/reuse of treated/reclaimed wastewater will help to mitigate part of the increasing water demands in the society and secondary water can be used in non-potable end paths such as agriculture, industry or even recharging water aquifers.  Reclaimed/technical or recycled water for non-potable uses such as flushing toilets, irrigation and other uses will be very important in modern society in the future.

  • 42.
    Hogland, William
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Burlakovs, Juris
    Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia.
    Mutafela, Richard
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    From glass dump to phytoremediation park2019In: XVI-th International youth Science and Environmental Baltic Region Countries Forum 7–9 October 2019, Gdansk, Poland, Institute of Physics (IOP) , 2019, p. 1-4, article id 012007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Landfill mining was introduced in research in Sweden for more than three and a half decades ago. During recent years, the focus has been on the glass dumps in the Kingdom of Crystal in southeastern Sweden. Mapping of the dumps, test pit excavations, sieving and sorting of the glass masses, characterization, laboratory extraction of the metals in the glass was performed as well as measurements of radioactivity done. The polluted soil underneath the removed glass masses was treated by remediation. At one of places at the Kingdom of Crystal a phytoremediation/tourist park was established in Orrefors including a summer glasswork for tourist activities.

  • 43.
    Holm, Jonathan
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering.
    Sammanställning över förekomst av klorerade kolväten inom Västerås kommun: En sammanställning med fastigheter och verksamheter där TRI har använts2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Chlorinated Solvents has been widely used in industries with degreased work tasks. It became popular in the beginning of the 19th century when the industry was developing fast. The most popular chlorinated solvent has been trichloroethylene (TRI). Because of the common use of the agent, soil and groundwater contamination with TRI has been one of the most occurred contaminations around industrial sites. TRI has some special abilities that make it a difficult contamination compound. It is hard to imagine its distribution pathways and it is a carcinogenic compound with many other hazardous properties. Because of its abilities the environmental and health department of Vasteras wanted to have a compilation over the companies in Vasteras that have been using TRI and that is the subject of this study. This compilation was based on a so called TRI list that had been assembled by the county  administration of Varmland who had get facts from the Swedish producer of TRI Uddeholm AB. This list tells some of the costumers that Uddeholm AB have had through the years. Additionally to this list this study was based on a initial inventory made by the county administration of Vastmanland. The study was made through an archive investigation at the environmental and health department in Vasteras. The investigation showed that most of the companies that had used TRI were known by the environmental, health and safety management. The companies have gone through an environmental investigation and therefore the TRI use was known. There were a few company properties that had a confirmed TRI contamination. This had been confirmed by soil samples that had been taken and analysed. There were some companies that had used TRI according to the TRI list but the information about the company was too thin to find the location of the company. The result of this study shows that there are many properties that have had a company with TRI use during the 1900th century. This study will help the future environmental work at these properties if there is a change in a property use for example.

  • 44.
    Jacobson, Henrik
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology.
    Forsberg, Åke
    Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology.
    Odelström, Tommy
    Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology.
    Dagvattenkvaliteten i anslutning till Hamnområdet i Västerås2006In: Vatten: Tidskrift för vattenvård, ISSN 0042-2886, Vol. 62, no 2, p. 149-159Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Dagvattenkvaliteten i hamnområden är ofta svår att definiera på grund av att hamnen ofta ligger inom industriområden med flera angränsande verksamheter och aktörer sammankopplade i samma avlopp och dagvattensystemet. Eftersom hamnen ligger närmast recipienten påverkas mätresultatet i hamnens provtagningspunkt av samtliga i avlopps- och dagvattensystemets tillförda föroreningar, vilket utgör svårigheter att få en tydlig bild av enbart hamnverksamhetens miljöpåverkan av vattnet. Bedömningsgrunder för vattenkvalitet i dagvatten och avloppsvatten är svårdefinierbara. De bedömningsgrunder som finns bygger på ett statistiskt material som utgår från olika provtagningar gjord i dag- och avloppsvatten system runt om i Sverige.

    Däremot i naturvatten finns goda underlag till vattenkvalitetsbedömningar i form av gränsvärden och normer vilka är vedertagna i litteraturen.

    I Västerås har hamnbolaget under några års tid haft hela ansvaret för mätning av förorenat vattnet i områdets dagvattensystem. Detta gäller även de föroreningar som inte härstammar från hamnens egen verksamhet, utan även från den omkringliggande. Juridiskt sett strider detta mot de allmänna hänsynsreglerna om att förorenaren betalar som beskrivs i miljöbalken. Kostnaderna har lagts på en enskild aktör för ett helt avlopps och dagvattensystem, där flera aktörer bidrar till miljöbelastningen. Detta har skett med förevändningen att hamnen är enskilt största verksamhet som bidrar med de största utsläppen av föroreningar till vattnet, vilket denna studie visar vara det motsatta förhållandet.

  • 45.
    Jani, Yahya
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Landfills and glass dumpsites as future bank accounts of resources: waste characterization and trace elements extraction2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Environmental pollution and health threats as well as scarcity of raw materials, water, food and energy are among the main challenges our world are now facing. Simultaneously, landfills and open dumpsites still are the dominant global waste disposal option even with their long term environmental impacts in case of greenhouse gases and contaminated leachates. In this thesis, landfill mining is suggested as a tool that should be included in an enhanced circular economy model (repair, reuse and recycle + extract and recovery) by considering the extraction/recovery of the lost materials in landfills and dumpsites as secondary resources.

    Characterization data (composition and physicochemical properties) is considered as a vital source for information for: i. the valorization of excavated wastes, ii. to explore potential hazards and iii. as an important tool for theassessment of the waste management systems and policies. In this thesis,excavated wastes from a classic landfill (Högbytorp in Sweden), a landfill buildup according to the European Directive requirements (Torma in Estonia) andhazardous glass dumpsite (Pukeberg in Sweden) was characterized as a centralstep in exploring the potential of recovering of valuables. In addition, the extraction of trace elements from waste glass and different finefractions were also investigated. The reduction-melting method was developedto extract hazardous concentrations of trace elements from old art and crystalglasses with more than (99%) of recovery of Pb, Cd and As. While threechelating agents (EDTA, DTPA and NTA) were used to extract Pb, Cd, Asand Zn from fine fraction (<2 mm) sampled from Pukeberg glasswork with anextraction efficiency of (40%). Besides, the fractionations of the metals Cu, Znand Cr in the fine fractions (<10 mm) excavated from Högbytorp and Tormalandfills were studied by using a modified sequential extraction procedure.

    The findings of this thesis highlighted the need to consider the dumped wastesas secondary resources and landfills and dumpsites as future bank accounts offuture raw materials instead of being burden to the human health and theenvironment.

  • 46.
    Jani, Yahya
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Augustsson, Anna
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Marques, Marcia
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Characterization and toxicity of hazardous wastes from an old Swedish glasswork dumpManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    More than 34 old glasswork sites in the southeastern part of Sweden pose a permanent threat to human and environmental health due to the presence of toxic metals in open dumps with glass waste. The possibility of leaching of metals from different fractions of the disposed waste needed to be assessed. In the present investigation, leachate from fine fraction (soil plus glass particles < 2 mm) was characterized as following: pH (7.3), TOC (< 2%), organic content (4.4%), moisture content (9.7), COD (163 mg/kg) and trace elements content, being the values in accordance to the Swedish guidelines for landfilling of inert materials. However, very high metals content was found in the fine fraction as well as in all colors of the glass fraction (≥ 2 mm), whose values were compatible to hazardous waste landfill class. Tests with Lepidium sativum growing in the fine fraction as substrate revealed chronic toxicity expressed as inhibition of root biomass growth in 11 out of 15 samples. Additionally, leachate from fine fractions posed acute toxicity to genetically modified E. coli (Toxi-Chromotest). This study highlights the importance of combining physicochemical characterization with toxicity tests for both solid waste and leachate obtained from different waste fractions for proper hazardousness assessment supporting decision making on remediation demands.

  • 47.
    Jani, Yahya
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Burlakovs, Juris
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Augustsson, Anna
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Marques, Marcia
    Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Physicochemical and toxicological characterization of hazardous wastes from an old glasswork dump at southeastern part of Sweden2019In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 237, p. 1-8, article id 124568Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    More than 34 old glasswork sites in the southeastern part of Sweden pose a permanent threat to human and environmental health due to the presence of toxic trace elements in open dumps with glass waste. The possibility of leaching of trace elements from different fractions of the disposed waste needed to be assessed. In the present investigation, leachate from a mixture of soil and waste glass of particle sizes of less than 2mm (given the name fine fraction) was characterized by analyzing the pH (7.3), total organic content (TOC<2%), organic matter content (4.4%), moisture content (9.7%), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 163mg/kg) and trace elements content, being the values in accordance to the Swedish guidelines for landfilling of inert materials. However, very high trace elements content was found in the fine fraction as well as in all colors of waste glass, whose values were compatible to hazardous waste landfill class. Tests with Lepidium sativum growing in the fine fraction as substrate revealed chronic toxicity expressed as inhibition of root biomass growth in 11 out of 15 samples. Additionally, leachate from fine fractions posed acute toxicity to genetically modified E. coli (Toxi-Chromotest). This study highlights the importance of combining physicochemical characterization with toxicity tests for both solid waste and leachate obtained from different waste fractions for proper hazardousness assessment supporting decision making on remediation demands.

  • 48.
    Jani, Yahya
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Chemical extraction of trace elements from hazardous fine fraction at an old glasswork dump2018In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 195, p. 825-830Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Old glassworks siteshave been always associated with contamination by different trace elements likePb, Cd, As, Zn and others. The mixture of soil and waste glass of particlesizes <2mmat one of the oldest Swedish glassworks (the Pukeberg) was studiedby analyzing the trace elements content, organic content (3.6%) and pH (7.4).The results showed hazardous concentrations of Pb (1525 mg/kg), Ba (1312mg/kg), Sb (128 mg/kg), Cd (36 mg/kg), As (118 mg/kg), Zn (1154mg/kg) and Co(263 mg/kg) exceeded the Swedish guidelines of contaminated soil. Batchchemical extraction by the chelating agents EDTA, DTPA and the biodegradableNTA were performed to study the effect of chelating agent concentration and mixingtime on the extraction efficiencies by following a Box-Wilson design ofexperiments. The results displayed good extraction efficiencies (less than 41%)of Pb, Cd, As and Zn by the EDTA, DTPA and NTA, which seemed depends on thetype of chelator. In addition, high correlation between the extraction efficiencies,the chelators concentration and mixing time was found based on the statisticaland experimental results.

  • 49.
    Jani, Yahya
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center. Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Reduction-melting extraction of trace elements from hazardous waste glass from an old glasswork’s dump in the southeastern part of Sweden2017In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 24, no 34, p. 26341-26349Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    At the southeastern part of Sweden, old art and crystal waste glass has been identified as a hazardous waste due to high weight concentrations of Pb (32.398%), Cd (0.085%) and As (1.976%). The reduction-melting technique was used to investigate the extraction of these trace elements from powder waste glass of particle size <1 mm. Following a factorial design technique, the experimental results of the reduction-melting method showed that 99.9% of Pb, 100% of Cd and 99% of As could be extracted. For a batch of 10 g powder waste glass, the found experimental and theoretical optimum operating conditions were 1100 oC of melting temperature, 5 g of Na2CO3, 2 g of carbon and 120 min of melting time. The reduction-melting method displayed promising results which might help in recycling the extracted trace elements and glass compared to the current used solution of landfilling as hazardous wastes. 

  • 50.
    Jani, Yahya
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Future Energy Center. Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), Sweden.
    Kaczala, Fabio
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Charlotte, Marchand
    University of Montréal, Canada.
    Hogland, Marika
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Mait, Kriipsalu
    Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia.
    Hogland, William
    Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM).
    Anders, Kihl
    Ragn-Sells AB, Sollentuna.
    Characterisation of excavated fine fraction and waste composition from a Swedish landfill2016In: Waste Management & Research, ISSN 0734-242X, E-ISSN 1096-3669, Vol. 34, no 12, p. 1292-1299Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present research studies the characterisation and the physico-chemical properties of an excavated fine fraction (<10 mm) from a Swedish landfill, the Högbytorp. The results showed that the fine fraction represents 38% by mass of the total excavated wastes and it contains mainly soil-type materials and minerals. Higher concentrations of zinc, copper, barium and chromium were found with concentrations higher than the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for contaminated soil. The found moisture and organic contents of the fine fraction were 23.5% and 16.6%, respectively. The analysed calorific value (1.7 MJ kg-1), the potential of CH4 (4.74 m3 t-1 dry matter) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (5.6%) were low and offer low potential of energy. Sieving the fine fraction further showed that 80% was smaller than 2 mm. The fine represents a major fraction at any landfill (40%–70%), therefore, characterising the properties of this fraction is essential to find the potential of reusing/recycling or safely redisposing.

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