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Medium Access Control for Wireless Networks with Diverse Time and Safety Real-Time Requirements
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6497-4099
TTTech Computertechnik AG.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2419-2735
2016 (English)In: 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society IECON 2016, 2016, p. 4665-4670, article id 7794095Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The communication in-between embedded systems present in cars and planes, requires real-time networks. Up to now, fieldbus technologies like PROFIBUS and CAN have covered the demand for predictable communications in embedded systems. However, these fieldbuses do not suit some of the emerging application domains, that need more flexibility, support for dynamic traffic flows, different traffic classes, high throughput, and the inclusion of wireless capabilities. To this end, we propose several different medium access control (MAC) schemes with support for traffic with diverse time and safety requirements. We have calculated the worst case channel access delay for each proposal, and also simulated them in OMNeT++ to analyse and compare their performance in terms of average access delay and packet collisions as a function of different protocol settings and traffic patterns e.g., the channel load, data traffic emerging from one sender only versus evenly distributed between all senders. Our results indicate that the more that is known about the data traffic, the better performance can be achieved by selecting an appropriate MAC protocol. Conversely, when nothing is known, one MAC protocol emerges as the best trade-off.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2016. p. 4665-4670, article id 7794095
Series
IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference)
National Category
Computer Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33261DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2016.7794095ISI: 000399031204155Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85010030958OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-33261DiVA, id: diva2:974657
Conference
42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society IECON 2016, 24 Oct 2016, Florence, Italy
Projects
RetNet - The European Industrial Doctorate Programme on Future Real-Time NetworksREADY - Research Environment for Advancing Low Latency InternetAvailable from: 2016-09-27 Created: 2016-09-27 Last updated: 2018-07-26Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Medium Access Control for Wireless Networks with Diverse Real-Time and Reliability Requirements
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Medium Access Control for Wireless Networks with Diverse Real-Time and Reliability Requirements
2016 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Wireless real-time networks are a natural step for deployments in industrial automation, automotive, avionics, or robotics targeting features such as improved mobility, reduced wiring costs, and easier more flexible network developments. However, the open transmission medium where wireless networks operate is generally more prone to interference and transmission errors caused by fading. Due to this, real-time communications is in general still provided by wired networks in many of these application fields. At the same time, wired and wireless standards traditionally associated with the consumer electronics application field (e.g., IEEE 802.3 "Ethernet" and IEEE 802.11 “WiFi”) are trying to find their way into industrial automation, automotive, avionics, and robotics use cases, since they provide features like high throughput and cheap hardware. Many times, applications with diverse real-time and reliability requirements have to co-exist, and often in hybrid wired-wireless networks to ensure compatibility with existing systems. Given this scenario, it is essential to provide support for data traffic with requirements ranging from real-time time-triggered and event-driven to non-real-time, and enable high reliability with respect to timing constraints, in the context of hybrid wired-wireless networks. This thesis aims at covering the aforementioned requirements by proposing a medium access control (MAC) solution suitable for wireless communications, with support for real-time traffic with diverse time and reliability requirements. The MAC layer is in charge of providing timely access to the transmission medium, and can be effectively used to increase reliability by means of, e.g., avoiding concurrent transmissions and performing retransmissions. To this end, a set of evaluation criteria is proposed to determine the suitability of a particular MAC method to meet the identified emerging requirements. These criteria include channel access delay, reliability, protocol overhead, capability to integrate with wired networks, and sensitivity to interference from collocated systems. Next, based on these requirements, a MAC protocol with a set of tunable features is proposed, and evaluated in terms of support for data traffic with different loads and distributions, i.e., emanating from different traffic classes, and from different number of senders. The evaluation is made both analytically, by calculating the worst case delay and, with the help of real-time schedulability analysis, determining the effective load required to guarantee real-time deadlines, as well as by means of computer simulations using the INET framework for OMNeT++ to determine the average delay. Finally, the thesis proposes a set of retransmission schemes to be used together with the proposed MAC protocols in order to improve the resistance against interference and transmission errors. For this, a set of interference patterns with different characteristics is proposed and applied in the simulator. The resulting MAC layer solution is designed to be used at the wireless segment of a hybrid wired-wireless network, and is able to schedule data traffic originating from three different classes: time-triggered, rate-constrained and best-effort. To achieve this, an additional collision domain introducing wireless segments is added to the real-time scheduler, as well as support for real-time retransmissions, to enable high reliability while keeping real-time deadlines.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalen University, 2016
Series
Mälardalen University Press Licentiate Theses, ISSN 1651-9256 ; 243
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33264 (URN)978-91-7485-287-5 (ISBN)
Presentation
2016-11-11, Lambda, Mälardalen University, Västerås, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
RetNet - The European Industrial Doctorate Programme on Future Real-Time Networks
Funder
EU, FP7, Seventh Framework Programme, 607727
Available from: 2016-09-30 Created: 2016-09-27 Last updated: 2018-01-14Bibliographically approved

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