In various industrial automation applications, positioning enables location awareness which can be exploited in applications such as robotic precision control, amongst others. This paper discussespositioning for industrial automation applications. Examples of applications from an infrastructure perspective are presented, and the integration of high precision positioning technology into existing network infrastructure for such applications is discussed, as well as challenges involved. An impulse-radio ultra-wideband 802.15.4a based system for high accuracy/precision positioning is presented, which shows promising results, therefore motivating the use of UWB as a high accuracy and precision technology for positioning applications in future industrial automation systems.