During the last 40 years, there has been a growing awareness of the environmental issues associated with current energy technologies and natural resource utilization. An unsustainable use of fossil energy reserves has led to a deterioration of urban and rural environments, as well as a depletion of natural assets. A growing global population demands increasing amounts of energy and goods, requiring efficient resource utilization and the development and improvement of renewable energy technologies. Decision Support Systems have been developed as a basis for scientific decision-making in environmental impact assessments, while legal frameworks and policy initiatives, for example, carbon taxes and payment for ecosystem services programs, may function as support and drivers for climate change mitigation, environmental protection, and resource management.