The essence of industrial waste management is evaluated in term of economy and resource efficiency. With optimal waste management system companies are able to make a correct assessment when balancing the economic benefits and environmental risks. However, the economic and environmental benefits need to be known and understood to allow individuals making correct waste management decisions. In this study the ability of individuals to assess the economic and environmental impact of ten common waste fractions in manufacturing was examined. These results can be used to direct educational efforts to increase industrial waste management efficiency and enhance recyclability.