An overview of population distribution, economy, crop production, forestry and use of energy in the countries of the world is first presented. From this an estimate is made of the present situation and possible potential production of biomass for different geographic and economic zones. This is complemented with potential for wind, solar and hydro power. Next the present use of energy is given and the potential for future new energy technologies for both production of electricity and saving potential for energy in industry, transportation, offices and households. The balance between production and consumption is discussed with the perspective of long term production possibilities without destroying nature. Means to sustain agriculture long term by better use of fertilizers is one aspect discussed and exemplified. Some specific technologies are discussed more in detail like biogas production from house hold waste and crop waste; high temperature gasification of biomass to produce methane in combination with large scale CHP; TPV (Thermo Photo Voltaic) where electricity is produced from biomass at the same time as heating and cooling is implemented for small scale applications. The potential for covering house roofs with solar cells and implement energy efficient buildings and smart grids are other aspects, as well as systems for electric and hybrid electric vehicles using biogas as fuel.