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Automated Verification of AADL-Specifications Using UPPAAL
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering. (IS)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1844-7874
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering. (IS)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0904-3712
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering. (IS)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4040-3480
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering. (IS)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9347-1949
2012 (English)In: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE), 2012, p. 130-138Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) is used to represent architecture design decisions of safety-critical and real-time embedded systems. Due to the far-reaching effects these decisions have on the development process, an architecture design fault is likely to have a significant deteriorating impact through the complete process. Automated fault avoidance of architecture design decisions therefore has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of the development while increasing the dependability of the end product. To provide means for automated fault avoidance when developing systems specified in AADL, a formal verification technique has been developed to ensure completeness and consistency of an AADL specification as well as its conformity with the end product. The approach requires the semantics of AADL to be formalized and implemented. We use the methodology of semantic anchoring to contribute with a formal and implemented semantics of a subset of AADL through a set of transformation rules to timed automata constructs. In addition, the verification technique, including the transformation rules, is validated using a case study of a safety-critical fuel-level system developed by a major vehicle manufacturer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2012. p. 130-138
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-17372DOI: 10.1109/HASE.2012.22Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84871966304ISBN: 978-1-4673-4742-6 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-17372DiVA, id: diva2:579703
Conference
IEEE 14th International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE), 25-27 Oct. 2012, Omaha, NE, USA
Available from: 2012-12-20 Created: 2012-12-20 Last updated: 2017-12-15Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Architecture-Based Verification of Dependable Embedded Systems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Architecture-Based Verification of Dependable Embedded Systems
2013 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Quality assurance of dependable embedded systems is becoming increasingly difficult, as developers are required to build more complex systems on tighter budgets. As systems become more complex, system architects must make increasingly complex architecture design decisions. The process of making the architecture design decisions of an intended system is the very first, and the most significant, step of ensuring that the developed system will meet its requirements, including requirements on its ability to tolerate faults. Since the decisions play a key role in the design of a dependable embedded system, they have a comprehensive effect on the development process and the largest impact on the developed system. Any faulty architecture design decision will, consequently, propagate throughout the development process, and is likely to lead to a system not meeting the requirements, an unacceptable level of dependability and costly corrections.

Architecture design decisions are in turn critical with respect to quality and dependability of a system, and the cost of the development process. It is therefore crucial to prevent faulty architecture design decisions and, as early as practicable, detect and remove faulty decisions that have not successfully been prevented. The use of Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) helps developers to cope with the increasing complexity by formal and standardized means of communication and understanding. Furthermore, the availability of a formal description enables automated and formal analysis of the architecture design.

The contribution of this licentiate thesis is an architecture quality assurance framework for safety-critical, performance-critical and mission-critical embedded systems specified by the Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL). The framework is developed through the adaption of formal methods, in particular traditional model checking and model-based testing techniques, to AADL, by defining formal verification criteria for AADL, and a formal AADL-semantics. Model checking of AADL models provides evidence of the completeness, consistency and correctness of the model, and allows for automated avoidance of faulty architecture design decisions, costly corrections and threats to quality and dependability. In addition, the framework can automatically generate test suites from AADL models to test a developed system with respect to the architecture design decisions. A successful test suite execution provides evidence that the architecture design has been implemented correctly. Methods for selective regression verification are included in the framework to cost-efficiently re-verify a modified architecture design, such as after a correction of a faulty design decision. 

Abstract [sv]

Kvalitetssäkring av tillförlitliga inbyggda system är en ständigt växande utmaning då utvecklare av sådana system är tvungna att bygga allt mer komplexa system inom allt mer begränsade budgetar. Då komplexiteten av systemen ökar måste systemarkitekter göra allt mera komplicerade beslut om systemens arkitekturdesign. Processen att besluta arkitekturdesignen av ett tilltänkt system är det allra första, och det mest signifikanta, steget att försäkra att det utvecklade systemet kommer uppnå dess krav, inklusive krav på dess möjlighet att tolerera defekter. Då dessa designbeslut dessutom har en nyckelroll i designen av ett tillförlitligt inbyggt system har de en omfattande effekt på utvecklingsprocessen samt den största påverkan på det utvecklade systemet. På grund av detta kommer ett felaktigt beslut om arkitekturdesignen propagera igenom hela utvecklingsprocessen och sannolikt resultera i ett system som inte uppnår kraven, får en oacceptabel tillförlitlighetsnivå, och kostsamma korrigeringar. De är därmed kritiska med hänsyn till kvaliteten och tillförlitligheten av ett inbyggt system, och kostnaden av utvecklingsprocessen. Således är det kritiskt att förhindra felaktiga beslut om arkitekturdesign och, så tidigt som möjligt, detektera och avlägsna felaktiga beslut som inte har lyckats att förhindras.

Användningen av språk för arkitekturbeskrivning hjälper utvecklare att hantera den ökande komplexiteten genom standardiserade kommunikationsmedel och förståelsemedel. Dessutom möjliggör en formell beskrivning automatiserad och formell analys av arkitekturdesignen.

Bidraget av denna licentiatavhandling är ett formellt kvalitetssäkringsramverk för säkerhetskritiska, prestandakritiska och uppdragskritiska inbyggda system specificerade i arkitekturbeskrivningsspråket ”Architecture Analysis and Design Language” (AADL). Ramverket är utvecklat genom adaptionen av formella metoder, i synnerhet traditionella modellkontrolltekniker och modellbaserad testningstekniker, till AADL, med hjälp av att definiera formella verifikationskriterier för AADL och en formell AADL-semantik. Modellkontroll av AADL-modeller analyserar modellens fullständighet, konsistens och korrekthet och möjliggör automatisk undvikande av felaktiga arkitekturdesignbeslut, kostsamma korrigeringar och hot mot kvalitet och tillförlitlighet. Därutöver kan ramverket automatiskt generera testsviter från AADL-modeller för att testa ett utvecklat system mot den bestämda arkitekturdesignen. En lyckad testsvitexekvering garanterar att arkitekturdesignen är korrekt implementerad. Metoder för selektiv regressionsverifiering är inkluderade i ramverket för att på ett kostnadseffektivt tillvägagångssätt verifiera en, tidigare verifierad, arkitekturdesign som har blivit modifierad, såsom efter en korrigering av ett felaktigt designbeslut.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalen University, 2013
Series
Mälardalen University Press Licentiate Theses, ISSN 1651-9256 ; 168
Keywords
architecture-based verification, dependable embedded systems, AADL, architecture quality assurance, UPPAAL
National Category
Computer Sciences Embedded Systems
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18993 (URN)978-91-7485-112-0 (ISBN)
Presentation
2013-06-12, Gamma, Mälardalen University, Västerås, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2013-05-16 Created: 2013-05-14 Last updated: 2018-01-11Bibliographically approved
2. Quality Assurance for Dependable Embedded Systems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Quality Assurance for Dependable Embedded Systems
2018 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Architectural engineering of embedded computer systems comprehensively affects both the development processes and the abilities of the systems. Rigorous and holistic verification of architectural engineering is consequently essential in the development of safety-critical and mission-critical embedded systems, such as computer systems within aviation, automotive, and railway transportation, where even minor architectural defects may cause substantial cost and devastating harm. The increasing complexity of embedded systems renders this challenge unmanageable without the support of automated methods of verification, to reduce the cost of labor and the risk of human error.

The contribution of this thesis is an Architecture Quality Assurance Framework (AQAF) and a corresponding tool support, the Architecture Quality Assurance Tool (AQAT). AQAF provides a rigorous, holistic, and automated solution to the verification of critical embedded systems architectural engineering, from requirements analysis and design to implementation and maintenance. A rigorous and automated verification across the development process is achieved through the adaption and integration of formal methods to architectural engineering. The framework includes an architectural model checking technique for the detection of design faults, an architectural model-based test suite generation technique for the detection of implementation faults, and an architectural selective regression verification technique for an efficient detection of faults introduced by maintenance modifications.

An integrated solution provides traceability and coherency between the verification processes and the different artifacts under analysis, which is essential for obtaining reliable results, for meeting certification provisions, and for performing impact analyses of maintenance modifications. The Architecture Quality Assurance Tool (AQAT) implements the theory of AQAF and enables an effortless adoption into industrial practices. Empirical results from an industrial study present a high fault detection rate at both the design level and the implementation level as well as an efficient selective regression verification process. Furthermore, the results of a scalability evaluation show that the solution is scalable to complex many-core embedded systems with multithreading.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalen University Press, 2018
Series
Mälardalen University Press Dissertations, ISSN 1651-4238 ; 252
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-37458 (URN)978-91-7485-372-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2018-01-26, Gamma, Mälardalens högskola, Västerås, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2017-12-18 Created: 2017-12-15 Last updated: 2018-01-10Bibliographically approved

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Johnsen, AndreasLundqvist, KristinaPettersson, PaulJaradat, Omar

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