Study of the sickness prevalence state and utilization of health care for last four weeks for 22,636 rural inhabitants from Shangdong and Ningxia provinces. For last four weeks, 32.8% of the sick inhabitants had visited a health institution, and age, occupation, and education status are factors that affect visiting a doctor or not. Village clinic was the most frequently visited health institution for its geographic convenience; good quality of health care or having an acquaintance was the main reason for selecting township health center, secondary or tertiary hospital; low price was the main reason for selecting a private institution and few people perceived the price in village clinic was low or the quality was good. The mean medical cost of out-of-pocket was 280.0 Chinese Yuan per visit, and accounted for 7.7% of annual net income and 8.7% of annual non-food expenditure per capita. For those fell sick but did not take any measure, 15.9% was because of economic barrier; 9.2% of the outpatients were recommended taking inpatient care, but had not. For outpatients recommended taking inpatient care but had not, 69.7% of them were for economic barrier. Neither the new cooperative medical scheme nor medial aid mechanism has resolved the problem of access to health care.