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Optimal location of lignocellulosic ethanol refineries with polygeneration in Sweden
Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.
Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9230-1596
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2010 (English)In: Energy, ISSN 0360-5442, E-ISSN 1873-6785, Vol. 35, no 6, p. 2709-2716Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The integration of ethanol production with combined heat and power plants is considered in this paper. An energy balance process model has been used to generate data for the production of ethanol, electricity, heat and biogas. The geographical position of such plants becomes of importance when using local biomass and delivering transportation fuel and heat. An optimization model has thus been used to determine the optimal locations for such plants in Sweden. The entire energy supply and demand chain from biomass outtake to gas stations filling is included in the optimization. Input parameters have been studied for their influence on both the final ethanol cost and the optimal locations of the plants. The results show that the biomass cost, biomass availability and district heating price are crucial for the positioning of the plant and the ethanol to be competitive against imported ethanol. The optimal location to set up polygeneration plants is demonstrated to be in areas where the biomass cost is competitive and in the vicinity of small to medium size cities. Carbon tax does not influence the ethanol cost, but solicits the production of ethanol in Sweden, and changes thus the geography of the plant locations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2010. Vol. 35, no 6, p. 2709-2716
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10358DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2009.07.018ISI: 000278506400040Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-77953138345OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-10358DiVA, id: diva2:354567
Available from: 2010-10-04 Created: 2010-10-04 Last updated: 2017-12-12Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Improving the performance of combined heat and power plants through integration with cellulosic ethanol production
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improving the performance of combined heat and power plants through integration with cellulosic ethanol production
2011 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Today’s biomass-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plants have surplus heat production capacity during warmer times of the year. In order to allow them to increase their electricity production, it is essential to find a use for the surplus heat.

Additionally, the transport sector is struggling with high fuel prices and the contribution of CO2 emissions to global warming. A promising way of reducing the negative effects caused by combustion of fossil fuels in the transport sector is to mix ethanol with gasoline, or to use pure ethanol in modified engines. Ethanol is produced by fermentation at low temperatures and the production process could be integrated with CHP plants.

The first generation of ethanol production as fuel has recently been criticized for competing with food crops and for its production chain being a larger polluter than was first thought. The second generation of ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials offers very promising results, but this process has several steps that are energy demanding.

This thesis presents the findings of research on the configuration of a CHP plant with an integrated second generation ethanol production process. It also presents the operational economics and optimal locations for such plants in Sweden. Two case studies were performed to compare different feedstocks for ethanol production.

The results show that when electricity prices are high, CHP plants benefit from heat consumption. Even with low yields in an ethanol production process, the integrated plant can be profitable. The plant must be located where there is sufficient heat demand. A cellulosic ethanol production process can work as a heat sink with profitable outcomes even with the current state of development of cellulosic ethanol technology.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalen University, 2011
Series
Mälardalen University Press Licentiate Theses, ISSN 1651-9256 ; 130
Keywords
Combined heat and power, Polygeneration, biofuel, bioenergy
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Energy- and Environmental Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12070 (URN)978-91-7485-009-3 (ISBN)
Presentation
2011-05-27, Kappa, Mälardalens högskola, Västerås, 09:10 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2011-04-05 Created: 2011-04-05 Last updated: 2011-04-14Bibliographically approved
2. From Combined Heat and Power to Polygeneration
Open this publication in new window or tab >>From Combined Heat and Power to Polygeneration
2015 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In order to reach targets on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil resources it is necessary to reduce energy losses in production processes. In polygeneration, several processes are combined to complement each other to avoid sub-optimization of the standalone processes. This thesis addresses polygeneration with focus on Combined Heat and Power (CHP) production integrated with other processes. Biomass-fired CHP plants are commonly dimensioned to have surplus heat production capacity during periods with lower heat demand. At the same time, production of biomass based vehicle fuels and fuel upgrading are heat demanding processes. The opportunity to combine CHP with ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock and torrefaction with the aim of replacing fossil fuels are used as cases during the evaluation of polygeneration. Simulation models are used to investigate the performance of CHP integrated with production of ethanol and torrefaction. Measured data from commercial CHP plants have been used to reflect the operation boundaries. The findings show that polygeneration can compete with stand-alone production in both energy and economic performance. Polygeneration offers a wider operating range where reduced minimum load gives increased annual operating time. Therefore, under limited heat demand more renewable electricity production is possible due to increased operating hours and steam extraction from the turbine during part-load operation. Resource availability and fluctuations in fuel price have the largest impact on the profit of polygeneration. Other aspects that have substantial effects on the economy in polygeneration are the electricity spot price and subsidies. Furthermore, it has been proven that the yield of each product in a multiproduct process plant, the size of the plant and the heat demand have a large impact on the economy. Polygeneration turns by-products into buy-products.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalen University, 2015
Series
Mälardalen University Press Dissertations, ISSN 1651-4238 ; 181
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Energy- and Environmental Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28442 (URN)978-91-7485-221-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2015-09-02, Paros, Mälardalens högskola, Västerås, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2015-07-06 Created: 2015-06-23 Last updated: 2015-08-24Bibliographically approved

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