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Society 5.0 is a visionary project aimed at creating sustainable smart societies, which relies on advanced computer science and software engineering techniques. Hence, software engineering plays a critical role in enabling Society 5.0 by providing the necessary technological advances and practices to address societal issues. This paper presents a systematic mapping study that focuses on identifying the key software engineering technologies and challenges that are critical for achieving the goals of Society 5.0. The study begins with an initial set of 1646 peer-reviewed publications, from which a final set of 29 primary studies was selected through a rigorous selection process. The selected studies were subjected to meticulous data extraction, analysis, and synthesis. The primary studies identified 13 software engineering technologies that act as enablers of Society 5.0. However, the application of these technologies also comes with technical challenges. The selected primary studies identified ten software engineering open challenges that hamper the realisation of Society 5.0. The findings of this study have important implications for software engineering researchers and practitioners involved in developing sustainable smart societies. The identification of the key technologies and challenges in Society 5.0 can help guide future research and development efforts in this field.