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Appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States now and 50 years ago
Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Educational Sciences and Mathematics. Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7164-0924
Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.
2023 (English)In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 14, article id 1237494Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: A crucial aspect of social norms pertains to determining which behaviors are considered appropriate. Here we consider everyday behaviors. Some everyday behaviors are rated as more appropriate than others, and ratings of the appropriateness of a given behavior may vary over time. The objective of this study is to elucidate the reasons behind variation in appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States. Our theory focuses on how the evaluation of the appropriateness of a behavior is influenced by its potential for externalities and internalities, and how this influence may cause a change in norms over time. Method: Employing a preregistered design, we asked American participants to rate 37 different everyday behaviors based on their appropriateness in a range of common situations, as well as their potential negative externalities (e.g., being loud, being aggressive, taking up space) and positive internalities (e.g., pleasurability). Changes over time were calculated as the difference between mean ratings obtained in this study and ratings of the same behavior in a similar study conducted 50 years ago. Results: As expected, overall appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors are associated both with their externalities and their internalities, so that the least appropriate behaviors tend to have considerable potential for negative externalities and little potential for positive internalities. Moreover, behaviors that have considerable potential for negative externalities are perceived as less appropriate now than 50 years ago. Discussion: By describing how social norms for everyday behaviors depend on the externalities and internalities of behaviors, this study contributes to theories about the emergence and change of social norms.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media SA , 2023. Vol. 14, article id 1237494
Keywords [en]
everyday behaviors, externalities, internalities, norm shifts, social norms, values
National Category
Other Social Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-64647DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1237494ISI: 001087493900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85174857971OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-64647DiVA, id: diva2:1808983
Available from: 2023-11-01 Created: 2023-11-01 Last updated: 2023-11-09Bibliographically approved

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Eriksson, Kimmo

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