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Indoor air pollution resulting from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a significant health concern, especially formaldehyde. Therefore, predicting indoor formaldehyde concentration is essential for environmental control. In this research, the authors develop a thermal and wet coupling calculation model of porous fabric that considers the influence of different phases of wet components and the coupling effect of heat and humidity on formaldehyde migration. We propose a modified calculation method of the formaldehyde mass transfer characteristic parameters of fabric to obtain the diffusion coefficient D and partition coefficient K. The heat and humidity coupling model and formaldehyde mass transfer model of fabric are simultaneously solved, and the authors analyze the influence mechanism of fabric loading rate, fabric type, temperature, and humidity on indoor formaldehyde mass transfer characteristics. We study the variation trend of fabric formaldehyde mass transfer characteristics coefficient and the temporal and spatial distribution of indoor formaldehyde concentration. The theoretical model is applied to practical problems by pre-evaluating the indoor formaldehyde concentration of decorated residential buildings in typical climate areas of China before occupancy. The authors obtain the variation rule of indoor formaldehyde concentration of residential buildings under typical hot and humid climate conditions, building materials, furniture, and fabrics. To provide theoretical support for indoor environmental control and human health protection.