The starting point for this review are questions on the empirical base for the organization of practicum. Selecting peer reviewed, empirically based articles for 2001- 2017, with a focus on mathematics teacher education and the practicum, resulted in the inclusion of 51 articles for review. Exploring the outcomes and student teachers’ experiences of practicum suggested that responsibility for teaching together with support from mentors, university lecturers, university coursework, peers or prompts to use a theoretical framework improves learning outcomes in practicum, and the length of time in a school context does not do so on its own.