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Kubernetes Orchestration of High Availability Distributed Control Systems
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems. ABB, Västerås, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5333-3699
ABB, Västerås, Sweden.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6132-7945
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1364-8127
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Distributed control systems transform with the Industry 4.0 paradigm shift. A mesh-like, network-centric topologyreplaces the traditional controller-centered architecture, enforcing the interest of cloud-, fog-, and edge-computing, where lightweight container-based virtualization is a cornerstone. Kubernetes is a well-known container management system for container orchestration in cloud computing. It is gaining traction inedge- and fog-computing due to its elasticity and failure recovery properties. Orchestrator failure recovery can complement the manual replacement of a failed controller and, combined with controller redundancy, provide a pseudo-one-out-of-many redundancy. This paper investigates the failure recovery performance obtained from an out-of-the-box Kubernetes installation in a distributed control system scenario. We describe a Kubernetes based virtualized controller architecture and the software needed to setup a bare-metal cluster for control systems. Further, we deploy single and redundant configured containerized controllers based on an OPC UA compatible industry middleware software on the bare-metal cluster. The controllers expose variables with OPCUA PubSub. A script-based daemon introduces node failures, and a verification controller measures the downtime when using Kubernetes with an industry redundancy solution

National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-60065OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-60065DiVA, id: diva2:1700695
Available from: 2022-10-03 Created: 2022-10-03 Last updated: 2022-10-04Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Dependable Distributed Control System: Redundancy and Concurrency defects
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dependable Distributed Control System: Redundancy and Concurrency defects
2022 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Intelligent devices, interconnectivity, and information exchange are characteristics often associated with Industry 4.0. A peer-to-peer-oriented architecture with the network as the system center succeeds the traditional controller-centric topology used in today's distributed control systems, improving information exchange in future designs. The network-centric architecture allows IT-solution such as cloud, fog, and edge computing to enter the automation industry. IT-solution that rely on virtualization techniques such as virtual machines and containers. Virtualization technology, combined with virtual instance management, provide the famous elasticity that cloud computing offer. Container management systems like Kubernetes can scale the number of containers to match the service demand and redeploy containers affected by failures.

Distributed control systems constitute automation infrastructure core in many critical applications and domains. The criticality puts high dependability requirements upon the systems, i.e., dependability is essential. High-quality software and redundancy solutions are examples of traditional ways to increase dependability. Dependability is the common denominator for the challenges addressed in this thesis. Challenges that range from concurrency defect localization with static code analysis to utilization of failure recovery mechanisms provided by container management systems in a control system context.

We evaluate the feasibility of locating concurrency defects in embedded industrial software with static code analysis. Furthermore, we propose a deployment agnostic failure detection and role selection mechanism for controller redundancy in a network-centric context. Finally, we use the container management system Kubernetes to orchestrate a cluster of virtualized controllers. We evaluate the failure recovery properties of the container management system in combination with redundant virtualized controllers - redundant controllers using the proposed failure detection and role selection solution.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalens universitet, 2022
Series
Mälardalen University Press Licentiate Theses, ISSN 1651-9256 ; 330
National Category
Embedded Systems
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-60071 (URN)978-91-7485-567-8 (ISBN)
Presentation
2022-11-08, Gamma, Mälardalens universitet, Västerås, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Knowledge Foundation
Available from: 2022-10-04 Created: 2022-10-04 Last updated: 2022-10-24Bibliographically approved

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Johansson, BjarneNolte, ThomasPapadopoulos, Alessandro V.

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