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A Model-Based Test Script Generation Framework for Embedded Software
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8746-7209
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0611-2655
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2416-4205
Bombardier Transportation, Sweden.
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2021 (English)In: Proceedings: 2021 IEEE 14th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops, ICSTW 2021, 2021, p. 192-198, article id 9440149Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The abstract test cases generated through modelbased testing (MBT) need to be concretized to make them executable on the software under test (SUT). Multiple researchers proposed different solutions, e.g., by utilizing adapters for concretization of abstract test cases and generation of testscripts. In this paper, we propose our Model-Based Test scrIptGenEration fRamework (TIGER) based on GraphWalker, an open source MBT tool. The framework is capable of generating test scripts for embedded software controlling functions of a cyber physical system such as passenger trains developed at Bombardier Transportation AB. The framework follows somedefined mapping rules for the concretization of abstract test cases.We have evaluated the generated test scripts using an industrial case study in terms of fault detection. We have induced faultsin the model of the SUT based on three mutation operatorsto generate faulty test scripts. The aim of generating faulty test scripts is to produce failed test steps and to guarantee the absence of faults in the SUT. Moreover, we have also generated the test scripts using the correct version of the model and executed it to analyse the behaviour of the generated test scripts in comparisonwith manually-written test scripts. The results show that the test scripts generated by GW using the proposed frameworkare executable, provide 100% requirements coverage and can beused to uncover faults at software-in-the-loop simulation level of sub-system testing.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2021. p. 192-198, article id 9440149
National Category
Engineering and Technology Computer Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53967DOI: 10.1109/ICSTW52544.2021.00041ISI: 000680833800028Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85108022667ISBN: 9781665444569 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-53967DiVA, id: diva2:1556977
Conference
14th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops, ICSTW 2021, 12 April 2021 - 16 April 2021
Projects
ADEPTNESS - Design-Operation Continuum Methods for Testing and Deployment under Unforeseen Conditions for Cyber-Physical Systems of SystemsVeriDevOps - Automated Protection and Prevention to Meet Security Requirements in DevOps EnvironmentsAvailable from: 2021-05-24 Created: 2021-05-24 Last updated: 2022-08-24Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Model-based System Testing of Safety-Critical Embedded Software
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Model-based System Testing of Safety-Critical Embedded Software
2022 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

System-level testing of safety-critical embedded systems is complex and costly. MBT has shown promising results in terms of fault detection effectiveness and efficiency of test generation and execution. However, the industrial adoption of MBT approaches is slow and limited to specific industries and domains. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses of MBT in industrial settings need to be thoroughly evaluated to find an optimal testing strategy.

The objective of this thesis is to adapt, compare, and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of MBT to help industrial practitioners in the testing of safety-critical embedded software. We have divided this objective into three subgoals. To achieve the first subgoal, we have explored multiple state-of-the- art MBT tools and evaluated the selected tool, GraphWalker (GW), in terms of modeling notations, generation algorithm, stopping conditions, and model completeness. To achieve the second subgoal, we have proposed a Model-Based Test scrIpt GenEration fRamework (TIGER), based on GW, to generate system-level test artifacts (i.e., test cases and test scripts). Based on the proposed framework, we implemented two test script generation tools for combinatorial testing (CT) and MBT. Finally, to achieve the last subgoal, we performed a comparative analysis between test suites developed using MBT, CT, and manual industrial practices. 

The results showed that the MBT-generated test suites using the edge coverage criterion tend to cover each requirement multiple times while achieving the same level of requirement coverage as the manually written test suites. Moreover, MBT provided higher Modified Decision and Condition Coverage (MC/DC) than CT and manual testing. On the other hand, CT came out as the most efficient technique in terms of the time required to generate and execute tests as well as achieving the highest fault detection rate with 3-ways and 4-ways interaction strength. Hence, based on the results, we conclude that manual industrial testing will benefit from MBT and CT for improved coverage and fault detection.

Abstract [sv]

Testning på systemnivå av säkerhetskritiska inbyggda system är komplext och kostsamt. MBT har visat lovande resultat när det gäller feldetekteringseffektivitet och effektivitet i testgenerering och testutförande. Den industriella utvecklingen av MBT-metoder är dock långsam och begränsad till specifika branscher och domäner. Dessutom måste styrkorna och svagheterna hos MBT i industriella miljöer utvärderas noggrant för att hitta en optimal teststrategi.

Syftet med denna avhandling är att anpassa, jämföra och utvärdera effektiviteten hos MBT för att hjälpa industriutövare att testa säkerhetskritisk inbyggd programvara. Vi har delat in detta mål i tre delmål. För att uppnå det första delmålet har vi utforskat flera av de främsta MBT-verktygen och utvärderat det valda verktyget, GraphWalker (GW), i termer av modelleringsnotationer, genereringsalgoritm, stoppförhållanden och modellfullständighet. För att uppnå det andra delmålet har vi föreslagit ett Model-Based Test ScrIpt Generation Framework (TIGER), baserat på GW, för att generera testartefakter på systemnivå (d.v.s. testfall och testskript). Baserat på det föreslagna ramverket implementerade vi två testskriptgenereringsverktyg för kombinatorisk testning (CT) och MBT. Slutligen, för att uppnå det sista delmålet, utförde vi en jämförande analys mellan testsviter utvecklade med MBT, CT och manuell industriell praxis.

Resultaten visade att de MBT-genererade testsviterna som använder kanttäckningskriteriet tenderar att täcka varje krav flera gånger samtidigt som de uppnår samma nivå av kravtäckning som de manuellt skrivna testsviterna. Dessutom gav MBT högre Modified Decision and Condition Coverage (MC/DC) än CT och manuell testning. Å andra sidan kom CT ut som den mest effektiva tekniken när det gäller den tid som krävs för att generera och utföra tester samt att uppnå den högsta feldetekteringshastigheten med 3-vägs och 4-vägs interaktionsstyrka. Baserat på resultaten drar vi därför slutsatsen att manuell industriell testning kommer att dra nytta av MBT och CT för förbättrad täckning och feldetektering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalens universitet, 2022
Series
Mälardalen University Press Licentiate Theses, ISSN 1651-9256 ; 328
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-59792 (URN)978-91-7485-560-9 (ISBN)
Presentation
2022-10-03, Alfa, Mälardalens Universitet, Västerås, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-08-25 Created: 2022-08-24 Last updated: 2022-11-08Bibliographically approved

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Zafar, Muhammad NoumanAfzal, WasifEnoiu, Eduard Paul

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