The leading theme of the 2019 Summit of the International Society for the Study of Information, held 2–6 June 2019 at the University of California at Berkeley, was the question “Where is the I in AI, and the meaning of Information?” This question addresses one of the central issues not only for scientific research and philosophical reflection, but also for technological, economic and social practice. There is no doubt that the progress in designing computer based technological devices known as Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems has transformed the life and work of almost the entire human population. Moreover, this transformation continues and accelerates. At the same time, there is no one commonly accepted definition of AI. This is a reflection of the fact that there is no commonly accepted definition of intelligence in general. Moreover, there is no agreement about human intelligence, and psychologists and cognitive scientists frequently opt for multiple intelligences because, in essence, intelligence is a contextual trait. Thus, an important goal of researchers is to more definitely qualify the natural intelligence of people and maybe other living beings, making it possible to understand whether artificial intelligence, i.e., the intelligence of a machine, is the same, and how it is possible to estimate this intelligence.