In this chapter, we focus on early childhood education for sustainability (ECEfS) inrelation to historical and contemporary theories in early childhood education andbeyond. Children’s lives today in the age of the Anthropocene are discussedand critically analysed in the light of early childhood education history, philosophiesand theory. We discuss contemporary ECEfS research, as well as how such researchunderstandings can challenge hegemonic thinking and acting in relation to practicesand philosophies of the everyday pedagogic in early childhood settings. The knowledge–practice gap and rhetoric–reality gap for practitioners is problematized. Finally,we scrutinize the possibility for transformative critical pedagogies through multiple andholistic approaches in ECEfS.