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The Finnish biofuel industry is undergoing a major change in particular second generation Fischer Tropsch (FT) biodiesel production. However, efficient geographical energy planning is essential to optimally allocate the limited natural resources between biomass based industries. Therefore, a decision tool was formulated which includes three different models: (1) a spatial model that estimates the amount of biomass supply and industrial residues available for energy production, (2) an energy demand model calculates the amount of heat and transport fuel that can be delivered to the customers, (3) an optimization model that minimizes the complete costs of biodiesel supply chain from biomass supply to biodiesel delivery at the fuel stations to determine the optimal location, size and configurations of FT biodiesel production plants in Finland. Model results show that five cost-optimal biodiesel production plant locations of 390 MWfeedstock are needed to be built to meet the 2020 renewable energy share in transport (25.2 PJ). The unit cost of FT biodiesel produced in Finland could range between 1.1 and 1.4 €/l2011 without heat sales. © NWBC 2012.All rights reserved.