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When Life Ceases: Relatives’ Experiences When a Family Member Is Confirmed Brain Dead and Becomes a Potential Organ Donor—A Literature Review
Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare. (CHIP)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0242-0343
Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare. (CHIP)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0584-7556
2020 (English)In: Sage Open Nursing, E-ISSN 2377-9608, Vol. 6, article id 2377960820922031Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Most healthcare professionals rarely experience situations of a request for organ donation being made to thepatient’s family and need to have knowledge and understanding of the relatives’ experiences.Objective: To describe relatives’ experiences when a family member is confirmed brain dead and becomes a potentialorgan donor.Methods: A literature review and a thematic data analysis were undertaken, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting process. A total of 18 papers, 15 qualitative and 3 quantitative, publishedfrom 2010 to 2019, were included. The electronic search was carried out in January 2019.Results: The overarching theme When life ceases emerged as a description of relatives’ experiences during the donationprocess, including five subthemes: cognitive dissonance and becoming overwhelmed with emotions, interacting with healthcareprofessionals, being in a complex decision-making process, the need for proximity and privacy, and feeling hope for thefuture. The relatives had different needs during the donation process. They were often in shock when the declaration ofbrain death was presented, and the donation request was made, which affected their ability to assimilate and understandinformation. They had difficulty understanding the concept of brain death. The healthcare professionals caring for the patienthad an impact on how the relatives felt after the donation process. Furthermore, relatives needed follow-up to processtheir loss.Conclusion: Caring science with an explicit relative perspective during the donor process is limited. The grief process isindividual for every relative, as the donation process affects relatives’ processing of their loss. We assert that intensive careunit nurses should be included when essential information is given, as they often work closest to the patient and her or hisfamily. Furthermore, the relatives need to be followed up afterwards, in order to have questions answered and to processthe grief, together with healthcare professionals who have insight into the hospital stay and the donation process.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SAGE Open, 2020. Vol. 6, article id 2377960820922031
Keywords [en]
acute illnesses, advance practice nurses, death/dying, intensive care unit, other—zero level, practice, qualitative research, research
National Category
Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48011DOI: 10.1177/2377960820922031ISI: 000536029700001PubMedID: 33415278Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85084646067OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-48011DiVA, id: diva2:1431924
Available from: 2020-05-25 Created: 2020-05-25 Last updated: 2022-12-12Bibliographically approved

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Kerstis, BirgittaWidarsson, Margareta

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