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Real-time containers: A survey
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1687-930X
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3469-1834
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1364-8127
2020 (English)In: OpenAccess Series in Informatics, Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik GmbH, Dagstuhl Publishing , 2020, Vol. 80Conference paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Container-based virtualization has gained a significant importance in a deployment of software applications in cloud-based environments. The technology fully relies on operating system features and does not require a virtualization layer (hypervisor) that introduces a performance degradation. Container-based virtualization allows to co-locate multiple isolated containers on a single computation node as well as to decompose an application into multiple containers distributed among several hosts (e.g., in fog computing layer). Such a technology seems very promising in other domains as well, e.g., in industrial automation, automotive, and aviation industry where mixed criticality containerized applications from various vendors can be co-located on shared resources. However, such industrial domains often require real-time behavior (i.e, a capability to meet predefined deadlines). These capabilities are not fully supported by the container-based virtualization yet. In this work, we provide a systematic literature survey study that summarizes the effort of the research community on bringing real-time properties in container-based virtualization. We categorize existing work into main research areas and identify possible immature points of the technology. © Václav Struhár, Moris Behnam, Mohammad Ashjaei, and Alessandro V. Papadopoulos; licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY 2nd Workshop on Fog Computing and the IoT (Fog-IoT 2020).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik GmbH, Dagstuhl Publishing , 2020. Vol. 80
Keywords [en]
Containers, Docker, LXC, PREEMPT_RT, Real-Time, RTAI, Xenomai, Application programs, Fog, Internet of things, Surveys, Virtualization, Industrial automation, Mixed criticalities, Performance degradation, Real-time properties, Research communities, Single computation, Software applications, Virtualization layers, Fog computing
National Category
Computer Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-47854DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.Fog-IoT.2020.7Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85083346508ISBN: 9783959771443 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-47854DiVA, id: diva2:1427674
Conference
2nd Workshop on Fog Computing and the IoT, Fog-IoT 2020, 21 April 2020
Note

Conference code: 158924; Export Date: 30 April 2020; Conference Paper

Available from: 2020-04-30 Created: 2020-04-30 Last updated: 2021-08-30Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Improving Soft Real-time Performance of Fog Computing
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improving Soft Real-time Performance of Fog Computing
2021 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Fog computing is a distributed computing paradigm that brings data processing from remote cloud data centers into the vicinity of the edge of the network. The computation is performed closer to the source of the data, and thus it decreases the time unpredictability of cloud computing that stems from (i) the computation in shared multi-tenant remote data centers, and (ii) long distance data transfers between the source of the data and the data centers. The computation in fog computing provides fast response times and enables latency sensitive applications. However, industrial systems require time-bounded response times, also denoted as RT. The correctness of such systems depends not only on the logical results of the computations but also on the physical time instant at which these results are produced. Time-bounded responses in fog computing are attributed to two main aspects: computation and communication.   

In this thesis, we explore both aspects targeting soft RT applications in fog computing in which the usefulness of the produced computational results degrades with real-time requirements violations. With regards to the computation, we provide a systematic literature survey on a novel lightweight RT container-based virtualization that ensures spatial and temporal isolation of co-located applications. Subsequently, we utilize a mechanism enabling RT container-based virtualization and propose a solution for orchestrating RT containers in a distributed environment. Concerning the communication aspect, we propose a solution for a dynamic bandwidth distribution in virtualized networks.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalen University, 2021
Series
Mälardalen University Press Licentiate Theses, ISSN 1651-9256 ; 310
Keywords
Fog computing, real-time systems, cloud, virtualization
National Category
Computer Systems
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55679 (URN)978-91-7485-517-3 (ISBN)
Presentation
2021-09-28, room Paros and online, Mälardalens högskola, Västerås, 13:30 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-08-31 Created: 2021-08-30 Last updated: 2021-09-07Bibliographically approved

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Struhar, VaclavBehnam, MorisAshjaei, Seyed Mohammad HosseinPapadopoulos, Alessandro

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