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Employing transcritical CO 2 heat pump system for space heating is an effective way to solve the issue of air pollution during the heating season in China. Thus, an experimental setup is developed to study the thermal performance of the transcritical CO 2 air source heat pump system used for space heating. The test results show that a maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.88 is obtained at the optimum discharge pressure and the ambient temperature of 10 o C. The optimal high pressure is nearly a constant with the value of about 8.5 MPa for the ambient temperature in the range of -15~10 o C. The system COP increases with the ambient temperature increasing, and the outlet temperature of the gas cooler is a dominant influencing factor on the thermal performance of the heat pump system. Little difference can be found between the gas cooler outlet temperatures with the variation in ambient temperatures.