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In the IEEE 802.11 standard, network nodes experiencing collisions on the shared medium need a mechanism that can prevent collisions and improve the throughput. Furthermore, a backoff mechanism is used that uniformly selects a random period of time from the contention window (cw) that is dynamically controlled by the Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) algorithm. Prior research has proved that the BEB scheme suffers from a fairness problem and low throughput, especially under high traffic load. In this paper, we present a new backoff control mechanism that is used with the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). In particular, we propose a dynamic, deterministic contention window control (DDCWC) scheme, in which the backoff range is divided into several small backoff sub-ranges. In the proposed scheme, several network levels are introduced, based on an introduced channel state vector that keeps network history. After successful transmissions and collisions, network nodes change their cw based on their network levels. Our extensive simulation studies show that the DDCWC scheme outperforms four other well-known schemes: Multiplicative Increase and Linear Decrease, Double Increment Double Decrement, Exponential Increase Exponential Decrease, and Linear/Multiplicative Increase and Linear Decrease. Moreover, the proposed scheme, compared with the IEEE 802.11 DCF, gives 30.77% improvement in packet delivery ratio, 31.76% in delay, and 30.81% in throughput.