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The meal as a performance: Food and meal practices beyond health and nutrition
Food and Meal Science and the Research Group MEAL, School of Learning andEnvironment, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
Food and Meal Science and the Research Group MEAL, School of Learning anEnvironment, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
Department of Chemistry andBiomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
Department of Chemistry andBiomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
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2018 (English)In: Ageing & Society, ISSN 0144-686X, E-ISSN 1469-1779, Vol. 38, no 1, p. 83-107Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The proportion of elderly people in the population is increasing, presenting a number of new challenges in society. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how elderly persons with motoric eating difficulties perceive and perform their food and meal practices in everyday life. By using Goffman's concept of performance as a theoretical framework together with Bourdieu's thinking on habitus, a deeper understanding of food and meal practices is obtained. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 elderly people (aged between 67 and 87 years) and meal observations were carried out with 11 of these people. Participants were found to manage food and meal practices by continuously adjusting and adapting to the new conditions arising as a result of eating difficulties. This was displayed by conscious planning of what to eat and when, avoiding certain foods and beverages, using simple eating aids, but also withdrawing socially during the meals. All these adjustments were important in order to be able to demonstrate proper food and meal behaviour, to maintain the facąde and to act according to the perceived norms. As well as being a pleasurable event, food and meals were also perceived in terms of being important for maintaining health and as 'fuel' where the main purpose is to sustain life. This was strongly connected to the social context and the ability to enjoy food and meals with family members and friends, which appeared to be particularly crucial due to the impending risk of failing the meal performance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press , 2018. Vol. 38, no 1, p. 83-107
Keywords [en]
eating AIDS, eating difficulties, elderly people, food and meal practices, independence, meals, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, elderly population, food intake, nutrition, public health, aged, behavior, beverage, clinical article, conceptual framework, eating, family, friend, human, qualitative research, semi structured interview, social environment, thinking
National Category
Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-38173DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X16000945ISI: 000418332500005Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84984697558OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-38173DiVA, id: diva2:1176910
Available from: 2018-01-23 Created: 2018-01-23 Last updated: 2021-06-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Usability Requirements for User-Controlled Robotic Eating Aids
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Usability Requirements for User-Controlled Robotic Eating Aids
2021 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The meal is fundamental in terms of nutrition but also from a social perspective. To be able to eat independently is described as important for the meal experience.  

The development of a robotic eating aid called Bestic and the evolvement of a list of usability criteria for such an aid are described in this thesis. The work has been ongoing for 16 years. Bestic has been developed through user centred design, an iterative process with reoccurring evaluations and development. The design principle “it is not supposed just to work, but to be worth using” has guided the work. The feedback provided by the users throughout this process has had a great impact on the strategic choices of which features to prioritize during further development and what to keep as it is and has contributed to the list of usability requirements for robotic eating aids.  

The context in which the robotic eating aid is used is of importance for the usability requirements. To further understand the environment that the robotic eating aid is used in, studies about the meal situation for older people in both Scandinavian/Swedish and Japanese contexts were conducted. The secondary users (care professionals or next of kin) were also taken into consideration when deriving the usability requirements and while performing the evaluations of the robotic eating aid.

The most important research outcome from this work is a list of usability requirements for robotic eating aids. The requirements are divided into functional requirements and social requirements. The functional requirements for robotic eating aids include:

·      how well they work to eat with

·      how they are controlled

·      safety aspects

·      portability

·      possibility to adapt to different users.

 

The social requirements for robotic eating aids include:

·      how to fit into the meal situation

·      not to disturb the conversation

·      the needs from secondary users.     

Abstract [sv]

Måltiden är fundamental för de allra flesta, för att få i sig näring men även som en social aktivitet. Att kunna äta självständigt beskrivs som viktigt för upplevelsen av måltiden.

I denna avhandling beskrivs utvecklingen av ett robotiserat äthjälpmedel som heter Bestic och hur en lista med användbarhetskriterier för robotiserade äthjälpmedel har växt fram. Arbetet har pågått i 16 år. Bestic är utvecklad genom användarcentrerad design, en iterativ process med återkommande utvärderingar och utvecklingssteg. Designprincipen ”den skall inte bara gå att använda, utan vara värd att använda” har lett arbetet. Återkopplingen från användarna genom hela processen har haft stor inverkan på strategiska val för vilka funktioner som skall prioriteras för fortsatt utveckling och vad som skall behållas som det är. Återkopplingen har även utgjort ett underlag till listan med användbarhetskriterier för robotiserade äthjälpmedel.

Miljön som äthjälpmedel används i påverkar också användbarhetskriterierna. För att förstå denna miljö genomfördes studier om måltidssituationen för äldre personer i både en skandinavisk/svensk och japansk kontext. Även sekundära användare (vårdpersonal eller anhöriga) togs i beaktan vid framtagandet av användbarhetskriterierna.

Det viktigaste forskningsbidraget från detta arbete är en lista av användbarhetskriterier för robotiserade äthjälpmedel. Kriterierna är uppdelade på funktionella och sociala kriterier. 

De funktionella användbarhetskriterierna för robotiserade äthjälpmedel inkluderar:

·      hur bra de fungerar att äta med

·      hur de styrs

·      säkerhetsaspekter

·      bärbarhet

·      möjlighet att anpassa till olika användare.

 

De sociala användbarhetskriterierna för robotiserade äthjälpmedel inkluderar:

·      hur den passar in i måltidssituationen

·      att inte störa konversationen

·      behoven från de sekundära användarna.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalen University, 2021
Series
Mälardalen University Press Licentiate Theses, ISSN 1651-9256 ; 308
Keywords
robotic eating aid, eating device, eating aid, usability requirement, user centered design
National Category
Medical Engineering
Research subject
Electronics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54895 (URN)978-91-7485-510-4 (ISBN)
Presentation
2021-09-13, Delta och online via Teams, Mälardalens högskola, Västerås, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-06-17 Created: 2021-06-17 Last updated: 2022-11-08Bibliographically approved

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Lindborg, Ann-Louise

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