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Proposing Combined Approaches to Remove ECG Artifacts from Surface EMG Signals
Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems. (Biomedical Engineering)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8294-861X
2015 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Electromyography (EMG) is a tool routinely used for a variety of applications in a very large breadth of disciplines. However, this signal is inevitably contaminated by various artifacts originated from different sources. Electrical activity of heart muscles, electrocardiogram (ECG), is one of sources which affects the EMG signals due to the proximity of the collection sites to the heart and makes its analysis non-reliable. Different methods have been proposed to remove ECG artifacts from surface EMG signals; however, in spite of numerous attempts to eliminate or reduce this artifact, the problem of accurate and effective de-noising of EMG still remains a challenge. In this study common methods such as high pass filter (HPF), gating method, spike clipping, hybrid technique, template subtraction, independent component analysis (ICA), wavelet transform, wavelet-ICA, artificial neural network (ANN), and adaptive noise canceller (ANC) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are used to remove ECG artifacts from surface EMG signals and their accuracy and effectiveness is investigated. HPF, gating method and spike clipping are fast; however they remove useful information from EMG signals. Hybrid technique and ANC are time consuming. Template subtraction requires predetermined QRS pattern. Using wavelet transform some artifacts remain in the original signal and part of the desired signal is removed. ICA requires multi-channel signals. Wavelet-ICA approach does not require multi-channel signals; however, it is user-dependent. ANN and ANFIS have good performance, but it is possible to improve their results by combining them with other techniques. For some applications of EMG signals such as rehabilitation, motion control and motion prediction, the quality of EMG signals is very important. Furthermore, the artifact removal methods need to be online and automatic. Hence, efficient methods such as ANN-wavelet, adaptive subtraction and automated wavelet-ICA are proposed to effectively eliminate ECG artifacts from surface EMG signals. To compare the results of the investigated methods and the proposed methods in this study, clean EMG signals from biceps and deltoid muscles and ECG artifacts from pectoralis major muscle are recorded from five healthy subjects to create 10 channels of contaminated EMG signals by adding the recorded ECG artifacts to the clean EMG signals. The artifact removal methods are also applied to the 10 channels of real contaminated EMG signals from pectoralis major muscle of the left side. Evaluation criteria such as signal to noise ratio, relative error, correlation coefficient, elapsed time and power spectrum density are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. It is found that the performance of the proposed ANN-wavelet method is superior to the other methods with a signal to noise ratio, relative error and correlation coefficient of 15.53, 0.01 and 0.98 respectively.

Abstract [sv]

Elektromyografi (EMG) är ett verktyg som rutinmässigt används för en mängd olika applikationer inom många discipliner. Dock är denna signal oundvikligen kontaminerad av artefakter som kommer från olika källor. Elektrisk aktivitet av hjärtmuskln, elektrokardiogram (EKG), är en av störkällorna som påverkar EMG-signalerna på grund av närheten till hjärtat och som försämrar analysens tillförlitlig. Olika metoder har föreslagits för att ta bort EKG artefakter från yt-EMG-signaler men trots många försök att eliminera eller minska denna artefakt, kvarstår problemet med korrekt och effektivt brusreducering av EMG. I denna studie har vanliga metoder för brusundertryckning undersökts, såsom högpassfilter (HPF), gatingmetod, spikklippning, hybridteknik, subtraktionsmetod, oberoende komponentanalys (ICA), wavelet, wavelet-ICA, artificiella neurala nätverk (ANN), och adaptiv brusreducering (ANC) och adaptiv neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Metorderna har använts för att avlägsna EKG- artefakter från yt-EMG-signaler och deras noggrannhet och effektivitet har undersökts. HPF, gatingmetod och spikklippning är snabba; men de tar även bort relevant information från EMG-signalen. Hybridteknik och ANC är tidskrävande. Subtraktionsmetoden kräver kännedom om QRS-mönstret.Wavelettransformen lämnade kvar vissa artefakter i signalen, och avlägsnade även endel av den ursprungliga EMG-signalen. ICA kräver flerkanaliga signaler. Wavelet-ICA kräver inte flerkanaliga signaler, men är däremot användarberoende. ANN och ANFIS har bra prestanda, men det är möjligt att förbättra resultaten genom att kombinera dem med andra tekniker. För vissa tillämpningar av EMG-signaler såsom rehabilitering, rörelsekontroll och prediktion, är kvaliteten på EMG-signalerna mycket viktigt. Dessutom måste de artefaktreducerande metoderna vara i realtid och automatiska. Detta innebär att metoderna ANN-wavelet, adaptiv subtraktion och automatiserad wavelet-ICA rekommenderas för effektiv eliminering av EKG-artefakter från yt-EMG-signaler. För att jämföra resultaten av de undersökta och föreslagna metoderna i denna studie, har rena EMG-signaler från biceps och delta-muskler, samt EKG-artefakter från stora bröstmuskeln spelats in från fem friska personer. För att skapa 10-kanaliga brusiga EMG-signaler har de inspelade EKG-artefakterna adderats till de rena EMG-signalerna. De olika artefaktreduceringsmetoderna har även tillämpats på 10 kanaler verkliga EMG signaler med artefakter, från stora bröstmuskeln på vänster sida. Utvärderingskriterier såsom signal-brusförhållandet, relativta felet, korrelationskoefficienten, förfluten tid och effektspektrumstäthet har använts för att utvärdera de föreslagna metoderna. Prestandan hos den föreslagna ANN-wavelet metoden befanns överlägsen de andra metoderna med ett signalbrusförhållande på 15,53, relativt fel på 0,01 och korrelationskoefficient på 0,98.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Västerås: Mälardalen University , 2015.
Series
Mälardalen University Press Licentiate Theses, ISSN 1651-9256 ; 204
National Category
Signal Processing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27878ISBN: 978-91-7485-206-6 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:mdh-27878DiVA, id: diva2:806958
Presentation
2015-06-16, Delta, Mälardalens högskola, Västerås, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2015-04-22 Created: 2015-04-22 Last updated: 2015-05-18Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. ECG Artifact Removal from Surface EMG Signal Using an Automated Method Based on Wavelet-ICA
Open this publication in new window or tab >>ECG Artifact Removal from Surface EMG Signal Using an Automated Method Based on Wavelet-ICA
2015 (English)In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, Volume 211, 2015, p. 91-97Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This study aims at proposing an efficient method for automated electrocardiography (ECG) artifact removal from surface electromyography (EMG) signals recorded from upper trunk muscles. Wavelet transform is applied to the simulated data set of corrupted surface EMG signals to create multidimensional signal. Afterward, independent component analysis (ICA) is used to separate ECG artifact components from the original EMG signal. Components that correspond to the ECG artifact are then identified by an automated detection algorithm and are subsequently removed using a conventional high pass filter. Finally, the results of the proposed method are compared with wavelet transform, ICA, adaptive filter and empirical mode decomposition-ICA methods. The automated artifact removal method proposed in this study successfully removes the ECG artifacts from EMG signals with a signal to noise ratio value of 9.38 while keeping the distortion of original EMG to a minimum.

Series
Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, ISSN 0926-9630 ; 211
National Category
Signal Processing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27873 (URN)10.3233/978-1-61499-516-6-91 (DOI)000455821300006 ()2-s2.0-84939229104 (Scopus ID)978-1-61499-515-9 (ISBN)
Conference
12th International Conference on Wearable Micro and Nano Technologies for Personalized Health, Västerås, Sweden, June 2-4, 2015
Available from: 2015-04-22 Created: 2015-04-22 Last updated: 2020-11-05Bibliographically approved
2. Removing ECG Artifact from the Surface EMG Signal Using Adaptive Subtraction Technique
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Removing ECG Artifact from the Surface EMG Signal Using Adaptive Subtraction Technique
2014 (English)In: Biomedical Physics and Engineering, ISSN 2251-7200, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 33-38Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: The electrocardiogram artifact is a major contamination in the electromyogram signals when electromyogram signal is recorded from upper trunk muscles and because of that the contaminated electromyogram is not useful. Objective: Removing electrocardiogram contamination from electromyogram signals. Methods: In this paper, the clean electromyogram signal, electrocardiogram artifact and electrocardiogram signal were recorded from leg muscles, the pectoralis major muscle of the left side and V4, respectively. After the pre-processing, contaminated electromyogram signal is simulated with a combination of clean electromyogram and electrocardiogram artifact. Then, contaminated electromyogram is cleaned using adaptive subtraction method. This method contains some steps; (1) QRS detection, (2) formation of electrocardiogram template by averaging the electrocardiogram complexes, (3) using low pass filter to remove undesirable artifacts, (4) subtraction. Results: Performance of our method is evaluated using qualitative criteria, power spectrum density and coherence and quantitative criteria signal to noise ratio, relative error and cross correlation. The result of signal to noise ratio, relative error and cross correlation is equal to 10.493, 0.04 and %97 respectively. Finally, there is a comparison between proposed method and some existing methods. Conclusion: The result indicates that adaptive subtraction method is somewhat effective to remove electrocardiogram artifact from contaminated electromyogram signal and has an acceptable result.

National Category
Signal Processing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27871 (URN)25505766 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2015-04-22 Created: 2015-04-22 Last updated: 2018-12-17Bibliographically approved
3. A Combination Method for Electrocardiogram Rejection from Surface Electromyogram
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Combination Method for Electrocardiogram Rejection from Surface Electromyogram
2014 (English)In: Open Biomedical Engineering Journal, E-ISSN 1874-1207, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 13-19Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The electrocardiogram signal which represents the electrical activity of the heart provides interference in the recording of the electromyogram signal, when the electromyogram signal is recorded from muscles close to the heart. Therefore, due to impurities, electromyogram signals recorded from this area cannot be used. In this paper, a new method was developed using a combination of artificial neural network and wavelet transform approaches, to eliminate the electrocardiogram artifact from electromyogram signals and improve results. For this purpose, contaminated signal is initially cleaned using the neural network. With this process, a large amount of noise can be removed. However, low-frequency noise components remain in the signal that can be removed using wavelet. Finally, the result of the proposed method is compared with other methods that were used in different papers to remove electrocardiogram from electromyogram. In this paper in order to compare methods, qualitative and quantitative criteria such as signal to noise ratio, relative error, power spectrum density and coherence have been investigated for evaluation and comparison. The results of signal to noise ratio and relative error are equal to 15.6015 and 0.0139, respectively.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Netherlands: Bentham Science Publishers, 2014
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27167 (URN)10.2174/1874120701408010013 (DOI)2-s2.0-84899673853 (Scopus ID)
Projects
ESS-H - Embedded Sensor Systems for Health Research Profile
Available from: 2014-12-22 Created: 2014-12-19 Last updated: 2023-09-29Bibliographically approved

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Abbaspour, Sara

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