The present work investigates C and N allocation patterns in two forage plants: a forb, Oxyria digyna, and a sedge, Eriophorum angustifolium, in subarctic Sweden and high arctic Canada. Short-term changes in concentrations after simulated or natural herbivory (caused by Gynaephora groenlandica on Oxyria in the high arctic habitat) were also investigated. There were no clear differences in concentrations of C and N between the high arctic and subarctic sites in either species. In Oxyria of the subarctic habitat, the minimum N concentrations occurred at earlier phenological stages compared with plants in the high arctic habitat. Simulated herbivory increased the concentration of C in belowground tissues relative to those in control plants in Oxyria at the subarctic site, which may indicate increased allocation of non-C compounds to the growing shoots or daughter ramets. Herbivory by Gynaephora groenlandica caterpillars increased the N concentrations of Oxyria both in aboveground and belowground tissues, possible indicating increased uptake of N in the high arctic habitat. Eriophorum did not show clear trends in concentrations relating to habitat, phenology or simulated herbivory. The difference between Oxyria and Eriophorum in their response to herbivory apparently resulted from contrasting growth habits between the species. Tiller death after reproduction and long leaf life span may be the main reasons for the lack of clear patterns in concentrations in Eriophorum. Compensation after herbivory may be attained by the early production of daughter tillers in Eriophorum instead of the regrowth of the damaged ramets, as in Oxyria. Monitoring the responses for only one season is apparently a too short time period in these long-lived plants.