Cardiovascular diseases are some of the underlying reasons contributing to the relentless rise in mortality rates across the globe. In this regard, there is a genuine need to integrate advanced technologies into the medical realm to detect such diseases accurately. Moreover, numerous academic studies have been published using AI-based methodologies because of their enhanced accuracy in detecting heart conditions. This research extensively delineates the different heart conditions, e.g., coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, mitral valve prolapse/mitral regurgitation, and myocardial infarction, and their underlying reasons and symptoms and subsequently introduces AI-based detection methodologies for precisely classifying such diseases. The review shows that the incorporation of artificial intelligence in detecting heart diseases exhibits enhanced accuracies along with a plethora of other benefits, like improved diagnostic accuracy, early detection and prevention, reduction in diagnostic errors, faster diagnosis, personalized treatment schedules, optimized monitoring and predictive analysis, improved efficiency, and scalability. Furthermore, the review also indicates the conspicuous disparities between the results generated by previous algorithms and the latest ones, paving the way for medical researchers to ascertain the accuracy of these results through comparative analysis with the practical conditions of patients. In conclusion, AI in heart disease detection holds paramount significance and transformative potential to greatly enhance patient outcomes, mitigate healthcare expenditure, and amplify the speed of diagnosis.