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Dodig-Crnkovic, GordanaORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-9881-400X
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Publications (10 of 127) Show all publications
Dodig-Crnkovic, G. (2024). Computational Natural Philosophy: A Thread from Presocratics Through Turing to ChatGPT. In: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics: (pp. 119-137). Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 70
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Computational Natural Philosophy: A Thread from Presocratics Through Turing to ChatGPT
2024 (English)In: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2024, Vol. 70, p. 119-137Chapter in book (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This article examines the evolution of computational natural philosophy, tracing its origins from the mathematical foundations of ancient natural philosophy, through Leibniz's concept of a “Calculus Ratiocinator,” to Turing's fundamental contributions in computational models of learning and the Turing Test for artificial intelligence. The discussion extends to the contemporary emergence of ChatGPT. Modern computational natural philosophy conceptualizes the universe in terms of information and computation, establishing a framework for the study of cognition and intelligence. Despite some critiques, this computational perspective has significantly influenced our understanding of the natural world, leading to the development of AI systems like ChatGPT based on deep neural networks. Advancements in this domain have been facilitated by interdisciplinary research, integrating knowledge from multiple fields to simulate complex systems. Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, represent this approach's capabilities, utilizing reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF). Current research initiatives aim to integrate neural networks with symbolic computing, introducing a new generation of hybrid computational models. While there remain gaps in AI's replication of human cognitive processes, the achievements of advanced LLMs, like GPT4, support the computational philosophy of nature—where all nature, including the human mind, can be described, on some level of description, as a result of natural computational processes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2024
Series
Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, ISSN 2192-6255, E-ISSN 2192-6263 ; 70
Keywords
AI, ChatGPT, Computationalism, Computing nature, Info-computationalism, Leibniz, Natural philosophy, Turing test
National Category
Philosophy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-69648 (URN)10.1007/978-3-031-69300-7_8 (DOI)2-s2.0-85211174328 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-12-18 Created: 2024-12-18 Last updated: 2024-12-18Bibliographically approved
Dodig-Crnkovic, G. & Schroeder, M. J. (2024). Contemporary Natural Philosophy and Philosophies-Part 3. PHILOSOPHIES, 9(3), Article ID 58.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Contemporary Natural Philosophy and Philosophies-Part 3
2024 (English)In: PHILOSOPHIES, ISSN 2409-9287, Vol. 9, no 3, article id 58Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2024
National Category
Philosophy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-68042 (URN)10.3390/philosophies9030058 (DOI)001257104700001 ()2-s2.0-85197141488 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-07-12 Created: 2024-07-12 Last updated: 2024-07-12Bibliographically approved
Dodig-Crnkovic, G. & Miłkowski, M. (2023). Discussion on the Relationship between Computation, Information, Cognition, and Their Embodiment. Entropy, 25(2), Article ID 310.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Discussion on the Relationship between Computation, Information, Cognition, and Their Embodiment
2023 (English)In: Entropy, E-ISSN 1099-4300, Vol. 25, no 2, article id 310Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Three special issues of Entropy journal have been dedicated to the topics of “Information-Processing and Embodied, Embedded, Enactive Cognition”. They addressed morphological computing, cognitive agency, and the evolution of cognition. The contributions show the diversity of views present in the research community on the topic of computation and its relation to cognition. This paper is an attempt to elucidate current debates on computation that are central to cognitive science. It is written in the form of a dialog between two authors representing two opposed positions regarding the issue of what computation is and could be, and how it can be related to cognition. Given the different backgrounds of the two researchers, which span physics, philosophy of computing and information, cognitive science, and philosophy, we found the discussions in the form of Socratic dialogue appropriate for this multidisciplinary/cross-disciplinary conceptual analysis. We proceed as follows. First, the proponent (GDC) introduces the info-computational framework as a naturalistic model of embodied, embedded, and enacted cognition. Next, objections are raised by the critic (MM) from the point of view of the new mechanistic approach to explanation. Subsequently, the proponent and the critic provide their replies. The conclusion is that there is a fundamental role for computation, understood as information processing, in the understanding of embodied cognition.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2023
Keywords
actors and agent networks, computing nature, evolution, info-computationalism, information physics, morphological computing, self-organization and autopoiesis
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-62037 (URN)10.3390/e25020310 (DOI)000939227700001 ()2-s2.0-85148934975 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-03-08 Created: 2023-03-08 Last updated: 2023-03-28Bibliographically approved
Dodig-Crnkovic, G., Holstein, T., Pelliccione, P. & Thavarasa, J. (2023). Future Intelligent Autonomous Robots, Ethical by Design. Lessons Learned from Autonomous Cars Ethics. In: Proc. ICSIT. Int. Conf. Soc. Inf. Technol.: . Paper presented at Proceedings ICSIT, International Conference on Society and Information Technologies (pp. 92-98). International Institute of Informatics and Cybernetics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Future Intelligent Autonomous Robots, Ethical by Design. Lessons Learned from Autonomous Cars Ethics
2023 (English)In: Proc. ICSIT. Int. Conf. Soc. Inf. Technol., International Institute of Informatics and Cybernetics , 2023, p. 92-98Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The "ethical by design" approach involves examining all stages of a lifecycle of technology to ensure that they are ethically justifiable and socially sustainable. Building on our work on the ethics of autonomous intelligent robocars, and studies of the literature on the ethics of robotics, we propose for robot applications a set of values and ethical principles including safety, security, privacy, transparency, and explainability, accountability, fairness, human control, well-being, autonomy and freedom, and sustainability. This may help stakeholders in the field of intelligent autonomous robotics to connect ethical principles with their applications. Most ethical considerations we identified in our work on autonomous cars are relevant to all AI-powered robots, but robots require additional examination depending on their application domain, such as social robots (care robots, personal companions, robots used in education, health care, elderly care, education, entertainment, chat-bots), industrial robots, etcetera. Thus, existing ethical frameworks need to be applied in a context-sensitive way, by assessments in interdisciplinary, multi-competent teams through multi-criteria analysis. Furthermore, we argue for the need for continuous development of ethical principles, guidelines, and regulations, informed by the progress of technologies and involving relevant stakeholders. This implies designing the socio-technical system as an intelligent learning ecology.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Institute of Informatics and Cybernetics, 2023
Keywords
Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous cars, Autonomous Robots, ELSA, Emerging Technologies, Ethics, Intelligent Robots, Roboethics, Autonomous vehicles, Economic and social effects, Ethical technology, Industrial robots, Life cycle, Machine design, Robot applications, Autonomous car, Control wells, Design approaches, Ethical principles, Human control, Robocars, Security/privacy
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-69542 (URN)10.54808/icsit2023.01.92 (DOI)2-s2.0-85173637288 (Scopus ID)9781950492701 (ISBN)
Conference
Proceedings ICSIT, International Conference on Society and Information Technologies
Available from: 2024-12-12 Created: 2024-12-12 Last updated: 2024-12-12Bibliographically approved
O'Sullivan, D., Murphy, E., Curley, A., Gilligan, J., Gordon, D., Becevel, A., . . . Boland, S. (2023). Inclusion4EU: Co-Designing a Framework for Inclusive Software Design and Development. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 306, 497-502
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Inclusion4EU: Co-Designing a Framework for Inclusive Software Design and Development
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2023 (English)In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, ISSN 0926-9630, E-ISSN 1879-8365, Vol. 306, p. 497-502Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Digital technology is now pervasive, however, not all groups have uniformly benefitted from technological changes and some groups have been left behind or digitally excluded. Comprehensive data from the 2017 Current Population Survey shows that older people and persons with disabilities still lag behind in computer and internet access. Furthermore unique ethical, privacy and safety implications exist for the use of technology for older persons and people with disabilities and careful reflection is required to incorporate these aspects, which are not always part of a traditional software lifecycle. In this paper we present the Inclusion4EU project that aims to co-design a new framework, guidelines and checklists for inclusive software design and development with end-users from excluded categories, academics with expertise in human-computer interaction and industry practitioners from software engineering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
NLM (Medline), 2023
Keywords
Co-Design, Inclusive Software Design and Development, Older Adults, Persons with Disabilities, Software Engineering, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Checklist, Humans, Industry, Internet Access, Software, Software Design, human, very elderly
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-64186 (URN)10.3233/SHTI230668 (DOI)37638954 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85168845805 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-09-06 Created: 2023-09-06 Last updated: 2023-09-06Bibliographically approved
Dodig-Crnkovic, G. (2023). On the Foundations of Computing. Computing as the Fourth Great Domain of Science. GLOBAL PHILOSOPHY, 33(1), Article ID 16.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On the Foundations of Computing. Computing as the Fourth Great Domain of Science
2023 (English)In: GLOBAL PHILOSOPHY, ISSN 2948-1538, Vol. 33, no 1, article id 16Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This review essay analyzes the book by Giuseppe Primiero, On the foundations of computing. Oxford: Oxford University Press (ISBN 978-0-19-883564-6/hbk; 978-0-19-883565-3/pbk). xix, 296 p. (2020). It gives a critical view from the perspective of physical computing as a foundation of computing and argues that the neglected pillar of material computation (Stepney) should be brought centerstage and computing recognized as the fourth great domain of science (Denning).

National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-62179 (URN)10.1007/s10516-023-09674-2 (DOI)000948709000005 ()
Available from: 2023-04-05 Created: 2023-04-05 Last updated: 2023-04-05Bibliographically approved
Rubegni, E., Penzenstadler, B., Landoni, M., Jaccheri, L. & Dodig-Crnkovic, G. (2023). Owning Your Career Paths: Storytelling to Engage Women in Computer Science. In: Intelligent Systems Reference Library: Volume 235 (pp. 1-25). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Owning Your Career Paths: Storytelling to Engage Women in Computer Science
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2023 (English)In: Intelligent Systems Reference Library: Volume 235, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH , 2023, p. 1-25Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Motivation & challenge: Computer Science suffers from a lack of diversity that gets perpetuated by the most dominant and visible role models. The community is doing itself a disservice by upholding techno-solutionism, short-term efficiency, and busyness as central values. Those models are created and consolidated over time through social and cultural interactions that increase the perpetration of gender stereotypes. Exposing people to diverse types of role models and stories can contribute to making them more aware of the complexity of reality and inspire them taking better informed decisions-making on their career paths. Likewise, showing different role models to stakeholders in society and industry can contribute to increase the workforce diversity in the profession of computing as well as to make a shift towards the consolidation of different role models. This, in turn, may contribute to strengthen resilience and adequacy for solving issues related to diversity, equality and inclusion in Computer Science and more importantly allowing women take the ownership of their career path. Goal: To encourage the dissemination, sharing and creation of stories that show diverse career pathways to address gender stereotypes created by dominant stories in Computer Science. We tackle this issue by developing a framework for storytelling around female scientists and professionals to show a diversity of possibilities for women in pursuing an academic career based on the ownership of their pathways. Method: We apply a qualitative approach to analyse stories collected using the auto-ethnography and use thematic analysis to unpack the components of what in these stories contribute to building the academic path in the field of Computer Science. Authors used their own professional histories and experiences as input. They highlighted the central values of their research visions and approaches to life and emphasised how they have helped to take decisions that shaped their professional paths. Results: We present a framework made of the nine macro-themes emerging from the autoethnography analysis and two dimensions that we pick from the literature (interactions and practices). The framework aims to be a reflecting storytelling tool that could support women in Computer Sciences to create their own paths. Specifically, the framework addresses issues related to communication, dissemination to the public, community engagement, education, and outreach to increase the diversity within Computer Science, AI and STEM in general. Impact: The framework can help building narratives to showcase the variety of values supported by Computer Science. These stories have the power of showing the diversity of people as well as highlighting the uniqueness of their research visions in contributing to transformation of our global society into a supportive, inclusive and equitable community. Our work aims to support practitioners who design outreach activities for increasing diversity and inclusion, and will help other stakeholders to reflect on their own reality, values and priorities. Additionally, the outcomes are useful for those who are working in improving the gender gap in Computer Science in academia and industry. Finally, they are meant for women who are willing to proceed into an academic career in this area by offering a spur for reflection and concrete actions that could support them in their path from PhD to professorship.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-62208 (URN)10.1007/978-3-031-21606-0_1 (DOI)2-s2.0-85151306847 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-04-12 Created: 2023-04-12 Last updated: 2023-04-12Bibliographically approved
Dodig-Crnkovic, G. (2022). Cognition as Morphological/Morphogenetic Embodied Computation In Vivo. Entropy, 24(11), 1576-1576
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cognition as Morphological/Morphogenetic Embodied Computation In Vivo
2022 (English)In: Entropy, E-ISSN 1099-4300, Vol. 24, no 11, p. 1576-1576Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cognition, historically considered uniquely human capacity, has been recently found to be the ability of all living organisms, from single cells and up. This study approaches cognition from an info-computational stance, in which structures in nature are seen as information, and processes (information dynamics) are seen as computation, from the perspective of a cognizing agent. Cognition is understood as a network of concurrent morphological/morphogenetic computations unfolding as a result of self-assembly, self-organization, and autopoiesis of physical, chemical, and biological agents. The present-day human-centric view of cognition still prevailing in major encyclopedias has a variety of open problems. This article considers recent research about morphological computation, morphogenesis, agency, basal cognition, extended evolutionary synthesis, free energy principle, cognition as Bayesian learning, active inference, and related topics, offering new theoretical and practical perspectives on problems inherent to the old computationalist cognitive models which were based on abstract symbol processing, and unaware of actual physical constraints and affordances of the embodiment of cognizing agents. A better understanding of cognition is centrally important for future artificial intelligence, robotics, medicine, and related fields. 

Keywords
agency, autonomy, computation, embodied cognition, evolution, information, intelligence, morphogenesis, morphological computing, natural computing.
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-61205 (URN)10.3390/e24111576 (DOI)000894922500001 ()36359666 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85148961772 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-12-12 Created: 2022-12-12 Last updated: 2023-04-12Bibliographically approved
Dodig-Crnkovic, G. (2022). Cognitive Architectures Based on Natural Info-Computation. In: PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: (pp. 3-13). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cognitive Architectures Based on Natural Info-Computation
2022 (English)In: PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH , 2022, p. 3-13Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

At the time when the first models of cognitive architectures have been proposed, some forty years ago, understanding of cognition, embodiment and evolution was substantially different from today’s. So was the state of the art of information physics, information chemistry, bioinformatics, neuroinformatics, computational neuroscience, complexity theory, self-organization, theory of evolution, as well as the basic concepts of information and computation. Novel developments support a constructive interdisciplinary framework for cognitive architectures based on natural morphological computing, where interactions between constituents at different levels of organization of matter-energy and their corresponding time-dependent dynamics, lead to complexification of agency and increased cognitive capacities of living organisms that unfold through evolution. Proposed info-computational framework for naturalizing cognition considers present updates (generalizations) of the concepts of information, computation, cognition, and evolution in order to attain an alignment with the current state of the art in corresponding research fields. Some important open questions are suggested for future research with implications for further development of cognitive and intelligent technologies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022
Series
Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, ISSN 2192-6255 ; 63
Keywords
Basal cognition, Cognitive architectures, Cognitive evolution, Extended evolutionary synthesis, Natural computation, Natural information, Naturalized cognition
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-61068 (URN)10.1007/978-3-031-09153-7_1 (DOI)000921028900001 ()2-s2.0-85142456783 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-11-30 Created: 2022-11-30 Last updated: 2023-02-22Bibliographically approved
Dodig-Crnkovic, G. (2022). In search of a common, information-processing, agency-based framework for anthropogenic, biogenic, and abiotic cognition and intelligence. Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce (73), 17-46
Open this publication in new window or tab >>In search of a common, information-processing, agency-based framework for anthropogenic, biogenic, and abiotic cognition and intelligence
2022 (English)In: Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce, ISSN 0867-8286, no 73, p. 17-46Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Learning from contemporary natural, formal, and social sciences, especially from biology, as well as from humanities, particularly contemporary philosophy of nature, requires updates of our old definitions of cognition and intelligence. The result of current insights into basal cognition of single cells and evolution of multicellular cognitive systems within the framework of extended evolutionary synthesis (EES) helps us better to understand mechanisms of cognition and intelligence as they appear in nature. New understanding of information and processes of physical (morphological) computation contribute to novel possibilities that can be used to inspire the development of abiotic cognitive systems (cognitive robotics), cognitive computing and artificial intelligence.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Copernicus Center Press, 2022
Keywords
abiotic cognition, anthropogenic, biogenic, cognition, computation, extended evolutionary synthesis, information, intelligence
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-62211 (URN)2-s2.0-85151319602 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-04-12 Created: 2023-04-12 Last updated: 2023-04-12Bibliographically approved
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