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Mäki-Turja, J., Hänninen, K. & Sjödin, M. (2021). On Sustainability for Offset Based Response-Time Analysis. In: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series: . Paper presented at 7th Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, ECBS 2021, 26 May 2021 through 27 May 2021. Association for Computing Machinery
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On Sustainability for Offset Based Response-Time Analysis
2021 (English)In: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Association for Computing Machinery , 2021Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

It is known that offsets in general are not sustainable, i.e., if offsets in a system are modified it is not trivial to determine if this affects schedulability or not. In this paper we investigate if there are situations where offsets can be deemed sustainable, i.e., situations where one can safely modify an offset without impairing schedulability. We introduce, for the approximate Response-Time Analysis, a concept of a subsumes relation between demand bound functions and show that if offsets are modified in such a way that the modified demand bound function is subsumed by the original demand bound function, then the modification is sustainable. We show an example of how this information can be used in an engineering context where all system parameters are fixed but offsets. We generate all transaction that are subsumed by a schedulable transaction and merge this information in a presentable form for the engineer. This information can be used to safely modify the transaction or to investigate the robustness of the schedulability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery, 2021
Keywords
real-time, response-time analysis, scheduling sustainability, Information use, Bound function, Schedulability, Response time (computer systems)
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-58796 (URN)10.1145/3459960.3459969 (DOI)2-s2.0-85107215343 (Scopus ID)9781450390576 (ISBN)
Conference
7th Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, ECBS 2021, 26 May 2021 through 27 May 2021
Note

Conference code: 169185; Export Date: 8 June 2022; Conference Paper; Funding details: Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Funding text 1: This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council through the FAST-ARTS project.

Available from: 2022-07-13 Created: 2022-07-13 Last updated: 2022-07-13Bibliographically approved
Mubeen, S., Mäki-Turja, J. & Sjödin, M. (2015). Integrating Mixed Transmission and Practical Limitations with the Worst-Case Response-Time Analysis for Controller Area Network. Journal of Systems and Software, 99, 66-84
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Integrating Mixed Transmission and Practical Limitations with the Worst-Case Response-Time Analysis for Controller Area Network
2015 (English)In: Journal of Systems and Software, ISSN 0164-1212, E-ISSN 1873-1228, Vol. 99, p. 66-84Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The existing worst-case response-time analysis for Controller Area Network (CAN) calculates upper bounds on the response times of messages that are queued for transmission either periodically or sporadically. However, it does not support the analysis of mixed messages. These messages do not exhibit a periodic activation pattern and can be queued for transmission both periodically and sporadically. They are implemented by several higher-level protocols based on CAN that are used in the automotive industry. We extend the existing analysis to support worst-case response-time calculations for periodic and sporadic as well as mixed messages. Moreover, we integrate the effect of hardware and software limitations in the CAN controllers and device drivers such as abortable and non-abortable transmit buffers with the extended analysis. The extended analysis is applicable to any higher-level protocol for CAN that uses periodic, sporadic and mixed transmission modes.

National Category
Engineering and Technology Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24971 (URN)10.1016/j.jss.2014.09.005 (DOI)000347131600005 ()2-s2.0-84912523115 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2014-05-09 Created: 2014-05-09 Last updated: 2018-01-11Bibliographically approved
Mubeen, S., Mäki-Turja, J. & Sjödin, M. (2014). Communications-oriented development of component-based vehicular distributed real-time embedded systems. Journal of systems architecture, 60(2), 207-220
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Communications-oriented development of component-based vehicular distributed real-time embedded systems
2014 (English)In: Journal of systems architecture, ISSN 1383-7621, E-ISSN 1873-6165, Vol. 60, no 2, p. 207-220Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We propose a novel model- and component-based technique to support communications-oriented development of software for vehicular distributed real-time embedded systems. The proposed technique supports modeling of legacy nodes and communication protocols by encapsulating and abstracting the internal implementation details and protocols. It also allows modeling and performing timing analysis of the applications that contain network traffic originating from outside of the system such as vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and cloud-based applications. Furthermore, we present a method to extract end-to-end timing models to support end-to-end timing analysis. We also discuss and solve the issues involved during the extraction of these models. As a proof of concept, we implement our technique in the Rubus Component Model which is used for the development of software for vehicular embedded systems by several international companies. We also conduct an application-case study to validate our approach.

National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24778 (URN)10.1016/j.sysarc.2013.10.008 (DOI)000331858200006 ()2-s2.0-84894900492 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2014-03-28 Created: 2014-03-28 Last updated: 2017-12-05Bibliographically approved
Mubeen, S., Mäki-Turja, J. & Sjödin, M. (2014). Component-Based Vehicular Distributed Embedded Systems: End-to-end Timing Models Extraction at Various Abstraction Levels.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Component-Based Vehicular Distributed Embedded Systems: End-to-end Timing Models Extraction at Various Abstraction Levels
2014 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In order to perform the end-to-end response-time and delay analyses of a system, its end-to-end timing model should be available. The majority of existing model- and component-based development approaches for vehicular distributed embedded systems extract the end-to-end timing model at an abstraction level and development phase that is close to the system implementation. We present a method to extract the end-to-end timing models from the systems at a higher abstraction level. At the higher level, the method extracts timing information from system models that are developed with EAST-ADL and Timing Augmented Description Language (TADL2) using the TIMMO methodology. At the lower level, the method exploits the Rubus component model to extract the timing information that cannot be clearly specified at the higher level such as trigger paths in distributed chains. We also discuss challenges and issues faced during extraction of the timing models. Further, we present guidelines and solutions to address these challenges.

Series
MRTC Reports, ISSN 1404-3041
National Category
Engineering and Technology Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24974 (URN)MDH-MRTC-285/2014-1-SE (ISRN)
Projects
Synthesizing Predictable Software for Distributed Embedded Systems
Available from: 2014-05-09 Created: 2014-05-09 Last updated: 2014-08-29Bibliographically approved
Mubeen, S., Mäki-Turja, J. & Sjödin, M. (2014). Extending Worst-Case Response-Time Analysis for Mixed Messages in Controller Area Network with Priority and FIFO Queues. IEEE Access, 2, 365-380
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Extending Worst-Case Response-Time Analysis for Mixed Messages in Controller Area Network with Priority and FIFO Queues
2014 (English)In: IEEE Access, ISSN 2169-3536, Vol. 2, p. 365-380Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The existing worst case response-time analysis for controller area network (CAN) with nodesimplementing priority and First In First Out (FIFO) queues does not support mixed messages. It assumesthat a message is queued for transmission either periodically or sporadically. However, a message canalso be queued both periodically and sporadically using mixed transmission mode implemented by severalhigher level protocols for CAN that are used in the automotive industry. We extend the existing analysisfor CAN to support any higher level protocol for CAN that uses periodic, sporadic, and mixed transmissionof messages in the systems where some nodes implement priority queues, whereas others implement FIFOqueues. In order to provide a proof of concept, we implement the extended analysis in a free tool, conductan automotive-application case study, and perform comparative evaluation of the extended analysis with theexisting analysis.

National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24972 (URN)10.1109/ACCESS.2014.2319255 (DOI)000209653800027 ()2-s2.0-84923317925 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2014-05-09 Created: 2014-05-09 Last updated: 2017-02-15Bibliographically approved
Mubeen, S., Mäki-Turja, J. & Sjödin, M. (2014). Extracting End-to-End Timing Models from Component-Based Distributed Embedded Systems. In: Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Haibo Zeng, Marco Di Natale, Peter Marwedel (Ed.), Embedded Systems Development: From Functional Models to Implementations (pp. 155-169). Springer New York
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Extracting End-to-End Timing Models from Component-Based Distributed Embedded Systems
2014 (English)In: Embedded Systems Development: From Functional Models to Implementations / [ed] Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Haibo Zeng, Marco Di Natale, Peter Marwedel, Springer New York , 2014, p. 155-169Chapter in book (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In order to facilitate the end-to-end timing analysis, we present a method to extract end-to-end timing models from component-based distributed embedded systems that are developed using the existing industrial component model, Rubus Component Model (RCM). RCM is used for the development of software for vehicular embedded systems by several international companies. We discuss and solve the issues involved during the model extraction such as extraction of timing information from all nodes and networks in the system and linking of trigger and data chains in distributed transactions. We also discuss the implementation of the method for the extraction of end-to-end timing models in the Rubus Analysis Framework.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer New York, 2014
Series
Embedded Systems, ISSN 2193-0155
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-25120 (URN)10.1007/978-1-4614-3879-3_9 (DOI)978-1-4614-3878-6 (ISBN)
Projects
Femmva - Functional- and execution-models in modern electronic vehicle architectures
Available from: 2014-06-09 Created: 2014-06-05 Last updated: 2016-12-27Bibliographically approved
Bucaioni, A., Mubeen, S., Lundbäck, J., Lundbäck, K.-L., Mäki-Turja, J. & Sjödin, M. (2014). From Modeling to Deployment of Component-Based Vehicular Distributed Real-Time Systems. In: Proceedings, International Conference on Information Technology: ITNG 2014. Paper presented at International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations ITNG 2014, 07 Apr 2014, Nevada, United States (pp. 649-654). IEEE
Open this publication in new window or tab >>From Modeling to Deployment of Component-Based Vehicular Distributed Real-Time Systems
Show others...
2014 (English)In: Proceedings, International Conference on Information Technology: ITNG 2014, IEEE , 2014, p. 649-654Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

We present complete model-and component based approach for the development of vehiculardistributed real-time systems. Within this context, we model and timing analyze these systems using one of the state-of-the-practice modeling and timing analysis techniques that is implemented in the existing industrial model the Rubus Component Model and accompanying tool suite. As a proof of concept, we conduct a case study by developing an intelligent parking assist system which is adistributed real-time application from the vehicular domain. The case study shows various stages during the development such as modeling of software architecture, performing timing analysis, simulation, testing, automatic synthesis of code from the software architecture, deployment, and execution.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2014
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-25136 (URN)10.1109/ITNG.2014.72 (DOI)000355981200114 ()2-s2.0-84903487192 (Scopus ID)978-1-4799-3187-3 (ISBN)
Conference
International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations ITNG 2014, 07 Apr 2014, Nevada, United States
Projects
Femmva - Functional- and execution-models in modern electronic vehicle architecturesSynthesizing Predictable Software for Distributed Embedded Systems
Available from: 2014-06-09 Created: 2014-06-05 Last updated: 2016-03-10Bibliographically approved
Mubeen, S., Mäki-Turja, J. & Sjödin, M. (2014). Implementing and Evaluating Various Response-Time Analyses for Mixed Messages in CAN using MPS-CAN Analyzer. In: 5th International Workshop on Analysis Tools and Methodologies for Embedded and Real-time Systems WATERS 2014: . Paper presented at 5th International Workshop on Analysis Tools and Methodologies for Embedded and Real-time Systems WATERS 2014, 08 Jul 2014, Madrid, Spain. Madrid, Spain
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Implementing and Evaluating Various Response-Time Analyses for Mixed Messages in CAN using MPS-CAN Analyzer
2014 (English)In: 5th International Workshop on Analysis Tools and Methodologies for Embedded and Real-time Systems WATERS 2014, Madrid, Spain, 2014Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

We integrate the Response Time Analysis (RTA) with offsets for mixed messages in Controller Area Network (CAN), where the CAN controllers implement abortable transmit buffers, with the MPS-CAN analyzer. Mixed messages are partly periodic and partly sporadic. They are implemented by several higher-level protocols for CAN that are used in the automotive industry. MPS-CAN analyzer is a free tool that supports several other existing RTA for periodic, sporadic and mixed messages in CAN. We perform extensive evaluation of the newly integrated analysis profile. Using the analyzer, we also perform a detailed comparative evaluation of various RTA for CAN.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Madrid, Spain: , 2014
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-26444 (URN)
Conference
5th International Workshop on Analysis Tools and Methodologies for Embedded and Real-time Systems WATERS 2014, 08 Jul 2014, Madrid, Spain
Projects
Synthesizing Predictable Software for Distributed Embedded Systems
Available from: 2014-11-01 Created: 2014-10-31 Last updated: 2014-11-01Bibliographically approved
Mubeen, S., Mäki-Turja, J. & Sjödin, M. (2014). MPS-CAN Analyzer: Integrated Implementation of Response-Time Analyses for Controller Area Network. Journal of systems architecture, 60(10), 828-841
Open this publication in new window or tab >>MPS-CAN Analyzer: Integrated Implementation of Response-Time Analyses for Controller Area Network
2014 (English)In: Journal of systems architecture, ISSN 1383-7621, E-ISSN 1873-6165, Vol. 60, no 10, p. 828-841Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We present a new response-time analyzer for Controller Area Network (CAN) that integrates and implements a number of response-time analyses which address various transmission modes and practical limitations in the CAN controllers. The existing tools for the response-time analysis of CAN support only periodic and sporadic messages. They do not analyze mixed messages which are partly periodic and partly sporadic. These messages are implemented by several higher-level protocols based on CAN that are used in the automotive industry. The new analyzer supports periodic, sporadic as well as mixed messages. It can analyze the systems where periodic and mixed messages are scheduled with offsets. It also supports the analysis of all types of messages while taking into account several queueing policies and buffer limitations in the CAN controllers such as abortable or non-abortable transmit buffers. Moreover, the tool supports the analysis of mixed, periodic and sporadic messages in the heterogeneous systems where Electronic Control Units (ECUs) implement different types of queueing policies and have different types of buffer limitations in the CAN controllers. We conduct a case study of a heterogeneous application from the automotive domain to show the usability of the tool. Moreover, we perform a detailed evaluation of the implemented analyses.

National Category
Engineering and Technology Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24973 (URN)10.1016/j.sysarc.2014.05.001 (DOI)000349277600004 ()2-s2.0-84910686028 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2014-05-09 Created: 2014-05-09 Last updated: 2017-12-05Bibliographically approved
Mubeen, S., Mäki-Turja, J. & Sjödin, M. (2014). Response Time Analysis with Offsets for Mixed Messages in CAN Supporting Transmission Abort Requests. In: The 19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation ETFA'14: . Paper presented at The 19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation ETFA'14, 16-19 Sep 2014, Barcelona, Spain (pp. Article number 7005167).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Response Time Analysis with Offsets for Mixed Messages in CAN Supporting Transmission Abort Requests
2014 (English)In: The 19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation ETFA'14, 2014, p. Article number 7005167-Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The existing worst-case response-time analysis for Controller Area Network (CAN) does not support mixed messages that are scheduled with offsets in the systems where the CAN controllers implement abortable transmit buffers. Mixed messages are partly periodic and partly sporadic. These messages are implemented by several higher-level protocols based on CAN that are used in the automotive industry. Moreover, most of the CAN controllers implement abortable transmit buffers. We extend the existing analysis with offsets for mixed messages in CAN. The extended analysis is applicable to any higher-level protocol for CAN that uses periodic, sporadic, and mixed transmission of messages where periodic and mixed messages can be scheduled with offsets in the systems that implement abortable transmit buffers in the CAN controllers. The extended analysis also supports gateway nodes in CAN by considering arbitrary jitter and deadlines for the messages. We also perform comparative evaluation of the existing and extended analyses.

National Category
Engineering and Technology Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-26448 (URN)10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005167 (DOI)000360999100118 ()2-s2.0-84946689077 (Scopus ID)9781479948468 (ISBN)
Conference
The 19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation ETFA'14, 16-19 Sep 2014, Barcelona, Spain
Projects
Synthesizing Predictable Software for Distributed Embedded Systems
Available from: 2014-11-01 Created: 2014-10-31 Last updated: 2016-01-18Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-2957-0966

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