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Krayem, A., Thorin, E. & Wallin, F. (2024). Experiences from developing an open urban data portal for collaborative research and innovation. Applied Energy, 355, Article ID 122270.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Experiences from developing an open urban data portal for collaborative research and innovation
2024 (English)In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 355, article id 122270Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The energy transition towards sustainable resources is more urgent than ever given the environmental and geopolitical challenges. Being one of the major energy users, cities need to understand their energy sector to accomplish its transition, by means of data. However, data are not easily accessible and have their own challenges. This paper presents a joint effort between researchers, city representatives and industry to provide an urban system service that supports research, accelerates urban innovation, and involves the community. An energy data portal, “NRGYHUB”, has been developed, where hourly data from thousands of energy meters are available. These meters were collected from neighborhoods in the city of Västerås, Sweden, and they measure electrical and heating energy. In addition, the data are complemented by geometrical and non-geometrical information of the buildings, as well as demographic statistics of the areas. The paper describes the process of data collection, preprocessing, and visualization, in addition to the main challenges and limitations of the project. This dataset can be used for energy use benchmarking, prediction, and analysis. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2024
Keywords
Data portal, District heating, Electricity, Open data, Urban data
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-64796 (URN)10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122270 (DOI)001111803100001 ()2-s2.0-85176313068 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-11-22 Created: 2023-11-22 Last updated: 2024-02-14Bibliographically approved
Shabani, M., Wallin, F., Dahlquist, E. & Yan, J. (2024). Smart and optimization-based operation scheduling strategies for maximizing battery profitability and longevity in grid-connected application. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 21, Article ID 100519.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Smart and optimization-based operation scheduling strategies for maximizing battery profitability and longevity in grid-connected application
2024 (English)In: Energy Conversion and Management: X, ISSN 2590-1745, Vol. 21, article id 100519Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Lithium-ion battery storage has emerged as a promising solution for various energy systems. However, complex degradation behavior, relatively short lifetime, high capital, and operational costs, and electricity market volatility are critical factors that challenge its practical viability. Thus, to ensure sustained profitability of Lithium-ion batteries in real-life applications, a smart and optimal management strategy considering key influencing factors is imperative for achieving efficient battery utilization. This study proposes two day-ahead battery-behavior-aware operation scheduling strategies to maximize profitability and longevity in residential grid-connected applications with dynamic electricity pricing. Each scenario employs unique approaches to make optimal decisions for optimal battery utilization. The first scenario optimizes short-term profitability by prioritizing revenue gains under three charge/discharge rates (high, moderate, low), considering daily charge and discharge timings as decision variables. Conversely, the second scenario proposes a smart strategy capable of making intelligent decisions on a wide range of variables to simultaneously maximize revenue and minimize degradation costs, ensuring short-term and long-term profitability. Decision variables include the cycle frequency for each specific day, timings as well as durations for charging and discharging per cycle. To ensure effective long-term assessment, both scenarios accurately estimate battery performance, calendric and cyclic capacity degradations, remaining-useful-lifetime, and internal states under real operational conditions until battery reaches its end-of-life criteria. The scenarios are assessed economically using various indicators. Furthermore, the impact of battery price and size on optimization outcomes are examined. The key findings indicate that, among the first set of scenarios, the strategy with low charge/discharge rate extends the battery lifetime most efficiently, estimated at 14.8 years. However, it proved to be the least profitable, resulting in negative profit of −3€/kWh/yr. On the other hand, strategies with high and moderate charge/discharge rates resulted in positive profit of 8.3 €/kWh/year and 9.2 €/kWh/year, despite having shorter battery lifetimes, estimated at 10.1 years and 13.6 years, respectively. Furthermore, from a payback perspective, the strategy with fast charge/discharge capability led to 1.5 years shorter payback period than that of the moderate rate strategy. The findings highlight that the first set of scenarios limits the strategy's flexibility in achieving both sustainability and profitability. In contrast, the second scenario achieves impressive profit (18 €/kWh/yr), shortest payback period (7.5 year), a commendable lifespan (12.5 years), contrasting revenue-focused scenarios, emphasizing the importance of striking optimal balance between revenue gain and degradation costs for charging/discharging actions, ensuring sustained profitability. The findings offer valuable insights for decision-makers, enabling informed strategic choices and effective solutions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024
Keywords
Day-ahead optimization-based battery operation scheduling, Degradation cost minimization, Price arbitrage within real-time electricity price tariff, Residential-grid connected battery application, Revenue maximization, Sustained profitability optimization, Battery management systems, Charging (batteries), Costs, Decision making, Housing, Investments, Lithium-ion batteries, Power markets, Battery applications, Battery operation, Cost minimization, Day-ahead, Electricity prices, Grid-connected, Operations scheduling, Optimisations, Real- time, Profitability
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-65372 (URN)10.1016/j.ecmx.2023.100519 (DOI)001155504000001 ()2-s2.0-85181971282 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-01-17 Created: 2024-01-17 Last updated: 2024-02-14Bibliographically approved
Dahlquist, E., Wallin, F., Chirumalla, K., Toorajipour, R. & Johansson, G. (2023). Balancing Power in Sweden Using Different Renewable Resources, Varying Prices, and Storages Like Batteries in a Resilient Energy System. Energies, 16(12), 4734-4734
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Balancing Power in Sweden Using Different Renewable Resources, Varying Prices, and Storages Like Batteries in a Resilient Energy System
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2023 (English)In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 16, no 12, p. 4734-4734Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this paper, balancing electricity production using renewable energy such as wind power, PV cells, hydropower, and CHP (combined heat and power) with biomass is carried out in relation to electricity consumption in primarily one major region in Sweden, SE-3, which contains 75% of the country's population. The time perspective is hours and days. Statistics with respect to power production and consumption are analyzed and used as input for power-balance calculations. How long periods are with low or high production, as well as the energy for charge and discharge that is needed to maintain a generally constant power production, is analyzed. One conclusion is that if the difference in production were to be completely covered with battery capacity it would be expensive, but if a large part of the difference were met by a shifting load it would be possible to cover the rest with battery storage in an economical way. To enhance the economy with battery storage, second-life batteries are proposed to reduce the capital cost in particular. Batteries are compared to hydrogen as an energy carrier. The efficiency of a battery system is higher than that of hydrogen plus fuel cells, but in general much fewer precious materials are needed with an H-2/fuel-cell system than with batteries. The paper discusses how to make the energy system more robust and resilient.

Keywords
electric power, balancing, batteries, load shift, resilience
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-63867 (URN)10.3390/en16124734 (DOI)001017053600001 ()2-s2.0-85163894100 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-07-13 Created: 2023-07-13 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
Toorajipour, R., Chirumalla, K., Johansson, G., Dahlquist, E. & Wallin, F. (2023). Implementing circular business models for electric vehicle battery second life: Challenges and enablers from an ecosystem perspective.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Implementing circular business models for electric vehicle battery second life: Challenges and enablers from an ecosystem perspective
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2023 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Keywords
EV batteries;
National Category
Business Administration Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Innovation and Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-61437 (URN)
Available from: 2023-01-05 Created: 2023-01-05 Last updated: 2023-05-17Bibliographically approved
Shabani, M., Wallin, F., Dahlquist, E. & Yan, J. (2023). The impact of battery operating management strategies on life cycle cost assessment in real power market for a grid-connected residential battery application. Energy, 270, Article ID 126829.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The impact of battery operating management strategies on life cycle cost assessment in real power market for a grid-connected residential battery application
2023 (English)In: Energy, ISSN 0360-5442, E-ISSN 1873-6785, Vol. 270, article id 126829Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The relatively short lifetime of batteries is one of the crucial factors that affects its economic viability in current electricity markets. Thus, to make batteries a more viable technology in real power market from life cycle cost assessment perspective, full understanding of battery ageing parameters and which operating control strategies cause slower degradation rate is essential and still an open problem. This study deals with the 32 different battery operating control strategies to evaluate their importance on cyclic and calendric degradation, lifetime, and life cycle cost assessment of a battery system in a grid-connected residential application. In other words, it is evaluated that at which operating control strategy the system simulation results in a more beneficial system from techno-economic perspective. A battery modelling scenario is proposed to accurately estimate battery performance, degradation, and lifetime under real operational condition given different operating control strategies. An operational strategy, which benefits from the dynamic real-time electricity price scheme, is conducted to simulate the system operation. The key results show that selecting a proper state-of-charge control strategy positively affects the battery lifetime and consequently its net-present-value, in which the best strategy led to 30% improvement in net-present-value compared to the worst strategy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2023
Keywords
Arbitrage application, Battery lifetime improvement, Battery SOC control strategies, Calendric and cyclic ageing, Life cycle cost assessments under real power market, Stationary battery storage
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-61958 (URN)10.1016/j.energy.2023.126829 (DOI)000944897100001 ()2-s2.0-85147883187 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-02-22 Created: 2023-02-22 Last updated: 2023-11-13Bibliographically approved
Chirumalla, K., Toorajipour, R., Dahlquist, E., Johansson, G. & Wallin, F. (2022). Configurations for second-life operations of electric vehicle batteries: A guiding framework for ecosystem management. In: : . Paper presented at 29th International EurOMA Conference, 1-6 July 2022, Berlin. Berlin: EurOMA
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Configurations for second-life operations of electric vehicle batteries: A guiding framework for ecosystem management
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2022 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Firms need multi-stakeholder ecosystems to create successful second-life business models for electric vehicle (EV) batteries. However, there is a lack of guiding instrumentsto support the process of strategizing and managing the EV battery ecosystem for secondlife operations. The purpose of this study is to propose a guiding framework that could support firms in the EV battery ecosystem to establish and manage various configurations for second-life operations. The study developed a framework with four configuration phases—namely, firm-level initiation, ecosystem construction, firm-level optimization, and ecosystem orchestration. Based on these phases, the paper describes three configuration pathways to establish and manage second-life operations

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Berlin: EurOMA, 2022
Keywords
EV battery ecosystem, Circular business models, Battery second life
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Innovation and Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-61436 (URN)
Conference
29th International EurOMA Conference, 1-6 July 2022, Berlin
Available from: 2023-01-05 Created: 2023-01-05 Last updated: 2023-01-10Bibliographically approved
Yu, H., Tian, W., Yan, J., Li, P., Zhao, K., Wallin, F. & Wang, C. (2022). Improved triangle splitting based bi-objective optimization for community integrated energy systems with correlated uncertainties. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 49, Article ID 101682.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improved triangle splitting based bi-objective optimization for community integrated energy systems with correlated uncertainties
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2022 (English)In: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, ISSN 2213-1388, E-ISSN 2213-1396, Vol. 49, article id 101682Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Economic and environmental benefits are the most important in the operation of community integrated energy systems (CIES), modeled as a bi-objective optimization problem. In the case of the uncertainties from loads and renewable energy generators, the effectiveness of the operation strategies may be degraded in the practical applications of CIES. In this paper, an improved triangle splitting based bi-objective optimization method is proposed to search for the Pareto optimal solution of the CIES operation. The general preference of decision-makers in practical applications is utilized in the search process to reduce the detailed search interval and consequently improve the optimization efficiency. In addition, a bi-objective uncertain optimization framework is established for the economic-environmental operation of the CIES under uncertainties. The correlation between uncertainties is considered to generate the operation scenarios, in which the solution probability function is employed to determine the final operation strategy with robustness. A comprehensive case study is conducted based on a practical CIES in China, proving the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2022
Keywords
Bi-objective optimization, Community integrated energy system, Improved triangle splitting algorithm, Solution probability function, Uncertainty, Pareto principle, Integrated energy systems, Operation strategy, Probability functions, Splitting algorithms, Splittings, Decision making, algorithm, alternative energy, economic development, electricity generation, energy market, integrated approach, optimization, uncertainty analysis, China
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-58780 (URN)10.1016/j.seta.2021.101682 (DOI)000829811000001 ()2-s2.0-85118873496 (Scopus ID)
Note

Cited By :2; Export Date: 8 June 2022; Article; Correspondence Address: Tian, W.; Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, China; email: tianwk@tju.edu.cn; Funding details: National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 51907139, 51961135101; Funding details: Vetenskapsrådet, VR, 2018-06007; Funding text 1: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 51961135101 , 51907139 ) and Swedish Research Council ( 2018-06007 ).

Available from: 2022-07-13 Created: 2022-07-13 Last updated: 2022-08-08Bibliographically approved
Lin, H., Bian, C., Wang, Y., Li, H., Sun, Q. & Wallin, F. (2022). Optimal planning of intra-city public charging stations. Energy, 238, Article ID 121948.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Optimal planning of intra-city public charging stations
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2022 (English)In: Energy, ISSN 0360-5442, E-ISSN 1873-6785, Vol. 238, article id 121948Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Intra-city Public Charging Stations (PCSs) play a crucial role in promoting the mass deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs). To motivate the investment on PCSs, this work proposes a novel framework to find the optimal location and size of PCSs, which can maximize the benefit of the investment. The impacts of charging behaviors and urban land uses on the income of PCSs are taken into account. An agent-based trip chain model is used to represent the travel and charging patterns of EV owners. A cell-based geographic partition method based on Geographic Information System is employed to reflect the influence of land use on the dynamic and stochastic nature of EV charging behaviors. Based on the distributed charging demand, the optimal location and size of PCSs are determined by mixed-integer linear programming. Västerås, a Swedish city, is used as a case study to demonstrate the model's effectiveness. It is found that the charging demand served by a PCS is critical to its profitability, which is greatly affected by the charging behavior of drivers, the location and the service range of PCS. Moreover, charging price is another significant factor impacting profitability, and consequently the competitiveness of slow and fast PCSs. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2022
Keywords
Agent-based model, Electric vehicle (EV), Geographic information system (GIS), Optimal planning, Public charging stations, Autonomous agents, Charging (batteries), Electric vehicles, Geographic information systems, Information systems, Information use, Integer programming, Land use, Location, Planning, Profitability, Charging demands, Charging station, Electric vehicle, Geographic information system, Optimal locations, Optimal size, Public charging station, Urban land use, Computational methods
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55965 (URN)10.1016/j.energy.2021.121948 (DOI)000701905000007 ()2-s2.0-85114712061 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-09-23 Created: 2021-09-23 Last updated: 2021-10-14Bibliographically approved
Toorajipour, R., Chirumalla, K., Parida, V., Johansson, G., Dahlquist, E. & Wallin, F. (2022). Preconditions of Circular Business Model Innovation for the Electric Vehicle Battery Second Life: An Ecosystem Perspective. In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering: . Paper presented at 10th Swedish Production Symposium, SPS 2022 (pp. 279-291). IOS Press BV
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Preconditions of Circular Business Model Innovation for the Electric Vehicle Battery Second Life: An Ecosystem Perspective
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2022 (English)In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, IOS Press BV , 2022, p. 279-291Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

There is a strong interconnection between transportation and sustainability. Therefore, electric vehicles (EVs) have received a great deal of attention, and their sales and market share have been growing rapidly. Soon, a huge amount of EV batteries will reach their end of life that need to be handled appropriately. The second life applications are suggested as a potential solution. However, to implement such applications, there is a need to shift towards new business models, which have a central focus on circularity. Therefore, this paper studies preconditions of circular business model innovation (CBMI) for the electric vehicle battery second life from the ecosystem perspective. It also identifies current (as is) and upcoming (to be) business models. Data has been collected from fourteen companies representing the electric vehicle battery second life (EVBSL) ecosystem. Results show three types of current and three types of upcoming business models in the EVBSL ecosystem. Further, four preconditions for CBMI were found, namely, 2nd life value proposition, 2nd life value network development, 2nd life-based revenue model, and digital technologies. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS Press BV, 2022
Keywords
battery second life, circular business model innovation, ecosystem collaboration, EV battery
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-59533 (URN)10.3233/ATDE220147 (DOI)2-s2.0-85132842569 (Scopus ID)9781614994398 (ISBN)
Conference
10th Swedish Production Symposium, SPS 2022
Available from: 2022-07-06 Created: 2022-07-06 Last updated: 2023-01-07Bibliographically approved
Shabani, M., Wallin, F., Dahlquist, E. & Yan, J. (2022). Techno-economic assessment of battery storage integrated into a grid-connected and solar-powered residential building under different battery ageing models. Applied Energy, 318, Article ID 119166.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Techno-economic assessment of battery storage integrated into a grid-connected and solar-powered residential building under different battery ageing models
2022 (English)In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 318, article id 119166Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Battery storage in solar residential applications has the potential to improve system flexibility under high renewable energy penetration. A better understanding of the dynamic operational conditions of batteries is of high importance for the technical and economic feasibility of the associated system. This study evaluates key parameters for the proper battery management design, control, and optimization of a battery system integrated into a grid-connected, solar-powered building. Three different battery modelling scenarios are proposed in terms of battery ageing and lifetimes, internal states, and control strategies. Each proposed scenario consists of a set of specific methods for the estimation of battery voltage-current characteristics, capacity degradation, remaining lifetime, states of charge, states of health, and states of power. A criteria-based operational strategy linked to a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA_II) is constructed for the simulation and multiobjective optimization of the system. The self-sufficiency ratio and life-cycle cost of a battery are considered the technical and economic goals, which are influenced by the capacity degradation and achievable lifetime of the battery. Moreover, the annual battery degradation cost and self-consumption ratio are calculated over the project lifetime. The comparison between the techno-economic optimization results obtained under three battery modelling scenarios indicate that a more realistic design and a superior techno-economic assessment are obtained under Model 3, which is able to simulate battery degradation considering all ageing influence parameters under real operational conditions. In comparison with Model 3, Model 1 which neglects the battery degradation, techno-economically leads an overly optimistic result and also Model 2, which was based on linear capacity degradation regardless of the observed dynamic operational conditions, leads an excessively pessimistic result, implying that applying several simplifying assumptions for a battery operation simulation in a real-life application greatly affects the resulting battery state of charge, state of power, and state of health estimations, leading to an improper battery management system and consequently to the misestimation of techno-economic objective functions. The results prove that the real design and techno-economic assessment of a battery in a solar-powered application highly depend on battery operations in which the seasonal photovoltaic (PV) power production affects the rates of calendric and cyclic battery degradation. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2022
Keywords
Battery ageing models, Battery sizing, Distributed renewable energy, Photovoltaic, Stationary battery storage, Techno-economic optimization
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-58241 (URN)10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119166 (DOI)000799559500004 ()2-s2.0-85129702383 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-05-18 Created: 2022-05-18 Last updated: 2023-11-13Bibliographically approved
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