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Daraei, M., Avelin, A., Dotzauer, E. & Thorin, E. (2019). Evaluation of biofuel production integrated with existing CHP plants and the impacts on production planning of the system – A case study. Applied Energy, 252, Article ID 113461.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluation of biofuel production integrated with existing CHP plants and the impacts on production planning of the system – A case study
2019 (English)In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 252, article id 113461Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration has caused a transformative shift in global energy systems, which is contributing to an increased use of renewables. Sweden is among the countries trying to shift to a fossil-fuel-free system in all energy sectors. This paper addresses the fuel demand and supply in the transportation sector in the county of Västmanland in Sweden. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization model is developed to minimize cost in the studied system. The model is further used to investigate the influence of three different scenarios on production planning of regional Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants: (1) straw-based biofuel production integrated with existing CHP plants to fuel combustion engine vehicles, (2) use of electric vehicles, and (3) use of hybrid vehicles fueled by both electricity and bioethanol. Potential solar power generation from rooftop solar cells is also included in the model. The energy system in scenario 2 is found to have the highest overall system efficiency; however, a large amount of power needs to be imported to the system. Hybrid vehicles can potentially reduce the electricity import and CO2 emissions compared to the current situation. Electricity production from rooftop solar collectors could provide the energy needs of the vehicles during summer, while regionally produced straw-based bioethanol integrated with CHP plants can satisfy the fuel needs of the vehicles in winter. This approach could affect the production planning of CHP plants, result in less fuel use and increase the share of renewable resources in the regional transportation system. 

Keywords
Electric vehicles, Energy systems, Mixed Integer Linear Programming, Optimization, Straw-based bioethanol, Transportation sector
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44658 (URN)10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113461 (DOI)000497968000059 ()2-s2.0-85067284871 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2019-06-27 Created: 2019-06-27 Last updated: 2021-11-30Bibliographically approved
Swing Gustafsson, M., Myhren, J. A., Dotzauer, E. & Gustafsson, M. (2019). Life cycle cost of building energy renovation measures, considering future energy production scenarios. Energies, 12(14), Article ID 2719.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Life cycle cost of building energy renovation measures, considering future energy production scenarios
2019 (English)In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 12, no 14, article id 2719Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A common way of calculating the life cycle cost (LCC) of building renovation measures is to approach it from the building side, where the energy system is considered by calculating the savings in the form of less bought energy. In this study a wider perspective is introduced. The LCC for three different energy renovation measures, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and two different heat pump systems, are compared to a reference case, a building connected to the district heating system. The energy system supplying the building is assumed to be 100% renewable, where eight different future scenarios are considered. The LCC is calculated as the total cost for the renovation measures and the energy systems. All renovation measures result in a lower district heating demand, at the expense of an increased electricity demand. All renovation measures also result in an increased LCC, compared to the reference building. When aiming for a transformation towards a 100% renewable system in the future, this study shows the importance of having a system perspective, and also taking possible future production scenarios into consideration when evaluating building renovation measures that are carried out today, but will last for several years, in which the energy production system, hopefully, will change.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG, 2019
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44972 (URN)10.3390/en12142719 (DOI)000478999400079 ()2-s2.0-85069578571 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2019-08-08 Created: 2019-08-08 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
Daraei, M., Thorin, E., Avelin, A. & Dotzauer, E. (2019). Potential biofuel production in a fossil fuel free transportation system: A scenario for the County of Västmanland in Sweden. In: Energy Procedia: . Paper presented at 10th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2018), 22-25 August 2018, Hong Kong, China (pp. 1330-1336). Elsevier Ltd, 158
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Potential biofuel production in a fossil fuel free transportation system: A scenario for the County of Västmanland in Sweden
2019 (English)In: Energy Procedia, Elsevier Ltd , 2019, Vol. 158, p. 1330-1336Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Air pollution and increased CO2 concentration in atmosphere and other energy related issues caused a transformative shift in energy system which contributes to increased utilization of renewables as alternative to generate green energy carriers. The potential of renewable resources in different region and potential energy conversion have been largely considered by many researcher in many countries. The energy conversion technologies to produce heat, electricity, and transportation fuels have made impressive technical advances. Sweden has also been challenging with mitigation of CO2 emission and trying to shift into a fossil fuel free system in all energy sectors. This paper deals with the current status of fuel demand and supply in the transport sector in a County in Sweden. A scenario for a fossil fuel free transport sector at a regional level is developed to investigate the potential biofuel production from regionally produced straw. The results and analysis indicate that the potential for cereal based bioethanol production in the region is sufficient to meet the biofuel demand of the County. Using the fallow land for cereal cultivation, it is feasible to shift into a fossil fuel free transportation system where all passenger cars are fueled by bioethanol. The results and finding from the current paper will be used to develop further study on optimization of local biofuel production integrated with CHP plants considering application of other feedstock such as municipal wastes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2019
Keywords
Bioethanol, Energy system, Straw, Transport sector
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43132 (URN)10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.327 (DOI)000471031701107 ()2-s2.0-85063892971 (Scopus ID)
Conference
10th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2018), 22-25 August 2018, Hong Kong, China
Available from: 2019-04-18 Created: 2019-04-18 Last updated: 2021-11-30Bibliographically approved
Daraei, M., Thorin, E., Avelin, A. & Dotzauer, E. (2019). Potentials for increased application of renewables in the transportation system: A case study for Södermanland County, Sweden. In: Energy Procedia: . Paper presented at Applied Energy Symposium and Forum, Renewable Energy Integration with Mini/Microgrids, REM 2018, 29–30 September 2018, Rhodes, Greece (pp. 267-273). Elsevier Ltd
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Potentials for increased application of renewables in the transportation system: A case study for Södermanland County, Sweden
2019 (English)In: Energy Procedia, Elsevier Ltd , 2019, p. 267-273Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In this study, possible alternations in a regional transport sector are assessed to increase the use of renewable resources. Three scenarios are developed aimed to investigate different alternatives including potential straw-based bioethanol supply to fuel regional cars with combustion engines, more use of Electrical Vehicles (EVs) with use of potential power from solar energy, and the feasibility of application of hybrid cars fueled with electricity and bioethanol. The evaluation considers the reduction in CO 2 emissions and increased balance in energy demand and supply. Results of the study indicate that application of hybrid vehicles with bioethanol-fueled engines and electrical motors could potentially reduce the CO 2 emissions compared with other proposed approaches in the studied scenarios. At the same time, there would be a balance in the system, so that, the bioethanol production from the available cereal straw in the region can meet the energy demand of suggested hybrid cars in wintertime. While, the energy supply from solar cells installed on the rooftop of the buildings can cover the electricity need of the motor during summer. This approach will also result in increased use of renewables in the transportation system.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2019
Keywords
EVs, Hybrid, Renewable resources, Solar cells, Straw-based bioethanol
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43133 (URN)10.1016/j.egypro.2018.12.061 (DOI)000471291100043 ()2-s2.0-85063808717 (Scopus ID)
Conference
Applied Energy Symposium and Forum, Renewable Energy Integration with Mini/Microgrids, REM 2018, 29–30 September 2018, Rhodes, Greece
Available from: 2019-04-18 Created: 2019-04-18 Last updated: 2021-11-30Bibliographically approved
Swing Gustafsson, M., Myhren, J. A. & Dotzauer, E. (2018). Life Cycle Cost of Heat Supply to Areas with Detached Houses: A Comparison of District Heating and Heat Pumps from an Energy System Perspective. Energies, 11(12), Article ID 3266.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Life Cycle Cost of Heat Supply to Areas with Detached Houses: A Comparison of District Heating and Heat Pumps from an Energy System Perspective
2018 (English)In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 11, no 12, article id 3266Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

There are different views on whether district heating (DH) or heat pumps (HPs) is or are the best heating solution in order to reach a 100% renewable energy system. This article investigates the economic perspective, by calculating and comparing the energy system life cycle cost (LCC) for the two solutions in areas with detached houses. The LCC is calculated using Monte Carlo simulation, where all input data is varied according to predefined probability distributions. In addition to the parameter variations, 16 different scenarios are evaluated regarding the main fuel for the DH, the percentage of combined heat and power (CHP), the DH temperature level, and the type of electrical backup power. Although HP is the case with the lowest LCC for most of the scenarios, there are alternatives for each scenario in which either HP or DH has the lowest LCC. In alternative scenarios with additional electricity transmission costs, and a marginal cost perspective regarding the CHP investment, DH has the lowest LCC overall, taking into account all scenarios. The study concludes that the decision based on energy system economy on whether DH should expand into areas with detached houses must take local conditions into consideration.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2018
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-41408 (URN)10.3390/en11123266 (DOI)000455358300027 ()2-s2.0-85059252156 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2018-11-26 Created: 2018-11-26 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
Swing Gustafsson, M., Myhren, J. A. & Dotzauer, E. (2018). Potential for district heating to lower peak electricity demand in a medium-size municipality in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner Production, 186, 1-9
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Potential for district heating to lower peak electricity demand in a medium-size municipality in Sweden
2018 (English)In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 186, p. 1-9Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Sweden faces several challenges with more intermittent power in the energy system. One challenge is to have enough power available in periods with low intermittent production. A solution could be to reduce peak demand and at the same time produce more electricity during these hours. One way of doing this is to convert electricity-based heating in buildings to district heating based on combined heat and power. The study analyzes how much a Swedish municipality can contribute to lowering peak electricity demand. This is done by quantifying the potential to reduce the peak demand for six different scenarios of the future heat demand and heat market shares regarding two different energy carriers: electricity-based heating and district heating. The main finding is that there is a huge potential to decrease peak power demand by the choice of energy carrier for the buildings’ heating system. In order to lower electricity peak demand in the future, the choice of heating system is more important than reducing the heat demand itself. For the scenario with a large share of district heating, it is possible to cover the electricity peak demand in the municipality by using combined heat and power. 

National Category
Energy Engineering Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39192 (URN)10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.038 (DOI)000430785600001 ()2-s2.0-85046012248 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2018-05-11 Created: 2018-05-11 Last updated: 2022-11-09Bibliographically approved
Patrizio, P., Leduc, S., Kraxner, F., Fuss, S., Kindermann, G., Mesfun, S., . . . Obersteiner, M. (2018). Reducing US Coal Emissions Can Boost Employment. Joule, 2(12), 2633-2648
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reducing US Coal Emissions Can Boost Employment
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2018 (English)In: Joule, E-ISSN 2542-4351, Vol. 2, no 12, p. 2633-2648Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Concerns have been voiced that implementing climate change mitigation measures could come at the cost of employment, especially in the context of the US coal sector. However, repurposing US coal plants presents an opportunity to address emission mitigation and job creation, if the right technology change is adopted. In this study, the transformation of the US coal sector until 2050 is modeled to achieve ambitious climate targets. Results show that the costoptimal strategy for meeting 2050 emission reductions consistent with 2 degrees C stabilization pathways is through the early deployment of BECCS and by replacing 50% of aging coal plants with natural gas plants. This strategy addresses the concerns surrounding employment for coal workers by retaining 40,000 jobs, and creating 22,000 additional jobs by mid-century. Climate change mitigation does not have to come at the cost of employment, and policymakers could seek to take advantage of the social co-benefits of mitigation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
CELL PRESS, 2018
National Category
Economics and Business Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42304 (URN)10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.004 (DOI)000453896100016 ()2-s2.0-85059616029 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2019-01-10 Created: 2019-01-10 Last updated: 2020-11-27Bibliographically approved
Daraei, M., Thorin, E., Avelin, A. & Dotzauer, E. (2017). Evaluation of potential fossil fuel free energy system: Scenarios for optimization of a regional integrated system. Paper presented at 9th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2017; Cardiff; United Kingdom; 21 August 2017 through 24 August 2017. Energy Procedia, 142, 964-970
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluation of potential fossil fuel free energy system: Scenarios for optimization of a regional integrated system
2017 (English)In: Energy Procedia, ISSN 1876-6102, Vol. 142, p. 964-970Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Population growth and urbanization have led to increases in energy demand and consequently, greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the availability of the fossil fuel as the main source of energy supply has been changed. Utilization of renewable resources including solar, wind, and hydropower together with distributed energy systems could eliminate the dependency on fossil fuel energy sources. In this paper, energy use and supply trends have been studied for the Counties of Västmanland and Södermanland in Sweden in order to develop a scenario for the regional energy system in 2030. The aim is to use the scenario for evaluation of the impacts of regional renewable energy resources on the production planning of CHP plants. The scenario shows that there is not enough potential for electricity production from renewable resources such as solar, wind, and hydropower to fulfill the estimated demand in 2030. Around 75% of electricity needs in Västmanland and 89% of power demands in Södermanland need to be met by imported electricity to these regions. Efficiency improvements and a more complex energy system integrating also with other energy resources like biomass, waste and industrial waste heat are necessary to develop a sustainable energy system.

Keywords
CHP, Renewable resources, regional energy system, Sweden, Integrated energy system.
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-37274 (URN)10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.154 (DOI)000452901601020 ()2-s2.0-85041543943 (Scopus ID)
Conference
9th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2017; Cardiff; United Kingdom; 21 August 2017 through 24 August 2017
Available from: 2017-11-21 Created: 2017-11-21 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
Swing Gustafsson, M., Myhren, J. A. & Dotzauer, E. (2017). Mapping of heat and electricity consumption in a medium size municipality in Sweden. Energy Procedia, 105, 1434-1439
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mapping of heat and electricity consumption in a medium size municipality in Sweden
2017 (English)In: Energy Procedia, ISSN 1876-6102, Vol. 105, p. 1434-1439Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The Nordic electricity system faces many challenges with an increased share of intermittent power from renewable sources. One such challenge is to have enough capacity installed to cover the peak demands. In Sweden these peaks appear during the winter since a lot of electricity is used for heating. In this paper a mapping of the heat and electricity consumption in a medium size municipality in Sweden is presented. The paper analyze the potential for a larger market share of district heating (DH) and how it can affect the electrical power balance in the case study. The current heat market (HM) and electricity consumption is presented and divided into different user categories. Heating in detached houses not connected to DH covers 25 % of the HM, and 30 % of the electricity consumption during the peak hours. Converting the detached houses not connected to DH in densely populated areas to DH could reduce the annual electricity consumption by 10 %, and the electricity consumption during the peak hours by 20 %.

National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy, Forests and Built Environments
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-34252 (URN)10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.534 (DOI)000404967901080 ()2-s2.0-85020728483 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Knowledge Foundation
Available from: 2016-12-15 Created: 2016-12-15 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
Swing Gustafsson, M., Gustafsson, M., Myhren, J. A. & Dotzauer, E. (2016). Primary energy use in buildings in a Swedish perspective. Energy and Buildings, 130, 202-209
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Primary energy use in buildings in a Swedish perspective
2016 (English)In: Energy and Buildings, ISSN 0378-7788, E-ISSN 1872-6178, Vol. 130, p. 202-209Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The building sector accounts for a large part of the energy use in Europe and is a sector where the energy efficiency needs to improve in order to reach the EU energy and climate goals. The energy efficiency goal is set in terms of primary energy even though there are different opinions on how to calculate primary energy. When determining the primary energy use in a building several assumptions are made regarding allocation and the value of different energy sources. In order to analyze the difference in primary energy when different methods are used, this study use 16 combinations of different assumptions to calculate the primary energy use for three simulated heating and ventilations systems in a building. The system with the lowest primary energy use differs depending on the method used. Comparing a system with district heating and mechanical exhaust ventilation with a system with district heating, mechanical exhaust ventilation and exhaust air heat pump, the former has a 40% higher primary energy use in one scenario while the other has a 320% higher in another scenario. This illustrates the difficulty in determining which system makes the largest contribution to fulfilling the EU energy and climate goals.

Keywords
Air heat recovery, District heating, Energy efficiency, Heat pump, Primary energy, Primary energy factors, Heat pump systems, Heating, Ventilation, Ventilation exhausts, Waste heat, Building sectors, Different energy sources, Exhaust air, Heat pumps, Large parts, Mechanical exhausts, Primary energies, Primary energy use
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33110 (URN)10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.08.026 (DOI)000385323900019 ()2-s2.0-84983483204 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2016-09-08 Created: 2016-09-08 Last updated: 2019-09-16Bibliographically approved
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ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-9230-1596

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